Coats disease,known as the outer exudative retinopathy,is a kind of disease characterized by retinal capillaries expansion and microvascular abnormalities,often accompanied by retinal or subretinal exudation and lipids exudative retinal detachment.Neovascular glaucoma and ocular atrophy often occur in the late time.Coats disease is significant diversity in clinical presentation and morphology.For nearly a century,with the development of understanding of the disease,vireoretinal specialists have a new view on diagnosis and treatment of it.This article reviews the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Coats disease.

Objective:To establish the microbial limit test methods for thirteen kinds of ointments. Methods:The microbial limit of 13 kinds of ointments was respectively determined by the routine method, culture medium dilution method and membrane filtration method. Results:The recovery of the tested bacteria in the samples was above 70% by the different methods. Conclusion:The micro-bial limit test methods for thirteen kinds of ointments are stablished, which may be used in the quality control.

Objective To review the clinical characteristics and risk factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections. Methods The clinical data of P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2007 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 251 patients identified, APACHE Ⅱ score on admission was 11.5±5.2. Majority (98.4％, 247/251) of the patients had fever. Leukopenia was found in 125 patients, leukocytosis in 87 patients, neutropenia in 122 patients, agranulocytosis in 113 patients, anemia in 193 patients, and hypoalbuminemia in 120 patients. Overall, 219 patients had at least one underlying disease, primarily hematological malignancy, or malignant solid tumor. Most (229) patients received invasive procedures such as deep venous catheter, urinary catheter, mechanical ventilation before blood sampling. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 108 of the 173 deep venous catheters. In addition, 130 patients received radiation or chemotherapy. Immunosuppressive agents were used in 124 patients. Among the 251 strains of P. aeruginosa, 87.3％ were susceptible to amikacin, followed by ciprofloxacin (85.7％) and cefepime (81.6％). Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa was isolated from 36 (14.3％) patients, and extensively drug resistant strain was isolated from 7 patients. All the 251 patients were treated withantimicrobial agents, mainly β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems or fluoroquinolones. Overall, 20 (8.0％) of the 251 patients died, 37 (14.7％) refused further therapy due to worsening condition, and 194 (77.3％) improved. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that high APACHE Ⅱ score on admission, anemia and hypoalbuminemia were risk factors for poor outcome of bloodstream infectionscaused by P. aeruginosa. Conclusions P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection occurs more readily in immunocompromised patients. High APACHE Ⅱ score on admission, anemia and hypoalbuminemia are associated with poor prognosis. Appropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment as early as possible can improve the prognosis of P. aeruginosa bloodstream infection.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with different bone graft materials, including Bio-Gene, Bone3 and Bio-Oss, in the treatment of periodontal intra-bony defects. Methods Eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis with periodontal intra-bony defects were randomly divided into the Bio-Gene group, the Bone3 group and Bio-Oss group. After periodontal debridement, periodontal bone grafting combined with GTR surgery was performed in all patients. The clinical and radiographic parameters of patients were collected before surgery, suture removal (2 weeks after surgery), and 6 months after surgery, including periodontal exploration depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and residual alveolar bone height (RBH). Results The wounds healed well in all patients when the suture was removed. The stage Ⅰ healing was obtained without infection or wound dehiscence, and the postoperative discomfort was acceptable. At 6 months after periodontal bone grafting combined with GTR treatment, the PD and CAL indexes in the three groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in PD and CAL between the three groups (all P>0.05). Imaging results showed that new bone formation was observed in the original bone defect area in all three groups after 6 months of the treatment, the bone density was similar to the surrounding bone tissue. Besides, the RBH％increased significantly compared with that before the treatment (all P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in RBH％among the three groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Bio-Gene, Bone3 and Bio-Oss are all reliable bone graft materials for the treatment of alveolar bone defects caused by periodontitis, which can significantly improve the osteogenesis effect.

Objective: To investigate the application of single-molecule PCR (SM-PCR) in the detection of plasma ctDNA for the treat-ment of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: In total, 30 patients diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled between June 2017 and May 2018. ctDNA fragments of the target genes (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ALK, HER2, and TP53) from the blood samples were enriched by SM-PCR, and DNA libraries were prepared. Finally, a high-throughput sequencing was performed. The EGFR detection of tumor tissue samples was performed using real-time fluorescence PCR based on the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and consistency in the results of EGFR mutation detection in the plasma and tissue was compared. Results:The results of both the methods were consistent (Kappa=0.867, P<0.001). The McNemar's test also indicated that the results are not statistically different (P=0.500). Conclusions: SM-PCR can be used for the detection of plasma EGFR mutations. The target detection sites are more comprehensive and multiple mutations can be detected at the same time. Results of the analysis are more precise and can be absolutely quantified.

Objectives:To explore the HIV prevalence and related factors among MSM aged 50 and above and provide evidence on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.Methods:Based on an MSM social application software Blued 7.1.6, we recruited participants through online convenience sampling to collect demographic variables, behavioral and self-reported HIV infection status, etc. Univariate χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of self-reported HIV infection. Results:Self-reported HIV infection rate was 17.6%(126/714) among the participants. In multivariable analysis, participants who got divorced or widowed had a 2.07(95% CI: 1.34-3.21) times greater risk of self-reported HIV-positive than those who were married. Participants unaware of HIV-related knowledge showed a 1.92(95% CI:1.21-3.04) times greater risk of self-reported HIV-positive than those with better HIV-related knowledge. Participants who have ever been diagnosed with sexually transmitted disease (STD) showed a 3.17(95% CI:2.09-4.83) times greater risk of self-reported HIV-positive than those without STD infection history. Conclusion:Our findings indicated that the self-reported HIV infection rate was high among MSM aged 50 and above. Being divorced or widowed, being unaware of HIV-related knowledge and STD infection history was proved related with self-reported HIV infection.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of health science popularization in child caregivers by using social media of WeChat and Weibo in China in 2020.Methods:A questionnaire was designed based on the knowledge of children health from January to March 2020, and the public were invited to participate in the survey by visiting the official accounts of WeChat and Weibo of China CDC to analyze the awareness of health related knowledge and the change of daily behaviors in the child caregivers.Results:In the 1 325 child caregivers included in this survey, the awareness rate of chronic disease reexamine was lowest (74.94%), and the awareness rate of quality-oriented education was highest (99.55%). In the 7 questions in the questionnaire, the correct answer rate of the question about the reexamine of chronic disease was <75.00% (below the standard), the correct answer rate to other six questions were all ≥75.00% (above the standard). Logistic regression analysis showed that the education levels of senior high school or technical secondary school, junior college, bachelor's degree, master's degree or above, being worker, business/service personnel, teacher and company employee were the influencing factors for the awareness of the chronic disease related knowledge in child caregivers (all P<0.05). The daily behaviors of child caregivers after acquiring health knowledge were significantly improved (all P<0.001). Conclusions:In the season with high incidence of respiratory diseases, the use of new media platforms, such as WeChat and Weibo, to conduct health education had a good performance, resulting in higher rate of knowledge about healthy parenting and a significant improvement in daily behaviors in child caregivers. The results showed that the health education about the reexamine of chronic diseases in children should be focused on child caregivers with low education level, especially workers, business/service personnel.

Background and objective hTe management of pulmonary nodules relies on cancer risk assessment, in which the only widely accepted criterion is diameter. hTe development of volumetric computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) sotfware enhances the clarity in displaying the nodules’ characteristics. hTis study evaluated the values of the nodules’ volume and 3D morphological characteristics (edge, shape and location) in cancer risk assessment.Methods hTe CT data of 200 pulmonary nodules were retrospectively evaluated using 3D volumetric sotfware. hTe malignancy or benignity of all the nodules was conifrmed by pathology, histology or follow up (>2 years).Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of the 3D margin (smooth, lobulated or spiculated/irregular), shape (spherical or non-spherical), location (purely intraparenchymal, juxtavascular or pleural-attached), and nodule volume in cancer risk assessment for total and sub-centimeter nodules. hTe receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to determine the opti-mal threshold for the nodule volume.Results Out of 200 pulmonary nodules, 78 were malignant, whereas 122 were benign. hTeLogistic regression analysis showed that the volume (OR=3.3;P<0.001) and the 3D margin (OR=13.4, 9.8; bothP=0.001) were independent predictive factors of malignancy, whereas the location and 3D shape exhibited no total predictive value (P>0.05). ROC analysis showed that the optimal threshold for malignancy was 666 mm3. For sub-centimeter nodules, the 3D margin was the only valuable predictive factor of malignancy (OR=60.5, 75.0;P=0.003, 0.007).Conclusion hTe volume and 3D margin are important factors considered to assess the cancer risk of pulmonary nodules. Volumes larger than 666 mm3 can be determined as high risk for pulmonary nodules; by contrast, nodules with lobulated, spiculated, or irregular margin present a high malignancy probability.

OBJECTIVES: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a growing prevalence of racial and ethnic discrimination occurred when many Americans struggled to maintain healthy lifestyles. This study investigated the associations of racial and ethnic discrimination with changes in exercise and screen time during the pandemic in the United States. METHODS: We included 2,613 adults who self-identified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, or Hispanic from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic study, a cross-sectional survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of United States adults between October and November 2020. We assessed self-reported racial and ethnic discrimination by measuring COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias and examined its associations with changes in exercise and screen time using multivariable logistic regression models. We analyzed data between September 2021 and March 2022. RESULTS: COVID-19-related racial and ethnic bias was associated with decreased exercise time among non-Hispanic Asian (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.89) and Hispanic people (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.77), and with increased screen time among non-Hispanic Black people (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.85), adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, annual household income, insurance, and employment status. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic discrimination may have adversely influenced exercise and screen time changes among racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms through which racial and ethnic discrimination can impact lifestyles and to develop potential strategies to address racial and ethnic discrimination as a barrier to healthy lifestyles.

Objective To investigate the medication and blood glucose control of type 2 diabetes patients under chronic diseases management in Xi'an chain pharmacies,and provides reference for improving the management policy of diabetes at grassroots level.Methods A number of chain pharmacies in the sixth district of Xi'an were selected by random sampling method,and on-site interviews were conducted by questionnaire survey to patients with type 2 diabetes under the management of chronic diseases.The basic information of patients,medication status(medication plan,drug adherence,etc.),diabetes-related conditions(blood glucose status,family history,course and complications,etc.)were collected.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relevant factors of blood glucose control in patients.Results A total of 403 patients were surveyed,the largest number of patients use oral hypoglycemic drugs alone(53.4％),followed by insulin medication(including insulin only and insulin in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs)(35.7％),and the differences between disease course and glycemic control among patients with different drug regimens were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Only 43.7％of patients had good medication compliance.In addition,the patient's fast plasma glucose compliance rate was only 39.2％.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that good medication compliance(OR=1.744,95％CI 1.104 to 2.754,P=0.017)were independent influencing factors for achieving glycemic control.Conclusion The medication compliance of type 2 diabetes patients with poor blood glucose control in chronic disease management of chain pharmacies in Xi'an needs to be strengthened.Pharmacies should emphasize and give full play to the professional and service advantages of pharmacists to realize the functional role of pharmacies and strengthen diabetes management.