Microsphere as a drug delivery system with broad prospect for development and application has always been a research focus in pharmaceutics for its. Though literature survey of related papers published in domestic and foreign journals by Chinese authors in 2016, the research advances of materials of microspheres, which can be divided into natural polymer materials, synthetic polymer materials and inorganic materials, were summarized. Microsphere products at home and abroad were also analyzed. This review will provide some reference for correlative researchers.

Purpose/Significance User portraits of doctors offering free medical advice in online live streaming are constructed and further used to analyze the behavioral characteristics of various types of doctors,so as to provide references for improving the effect of live streaming and their influence.Method/Process A sample of 1 816 doctors who offer free medical advice on the Haodf.com platform is used for clustering analysis to generate different doctor group portraits by using the two-step clustering algorithm.Then an evaluation system for live streaming influence is constructed to explore the differences in online influence among doctors with different styles of live streaming.Result/Conclusion Three types of doctor group portraits are identified,including knowledge-sharing,self-promotional and sociable.There are significant differences in their online influence and three dimensions of live streaming effects including activeness,reputation,and hotness among different doctor groups.Comparative analysis is further performed to find potential solutions for enhancing their live streaming influence.

Objective To explore the structure changes of white matter in the first-episode schizo-phrenic patients with never-medicated(FESZ)and the relationship between facial emotion perception and white matter(WM)integrity.Methods Sixty-three schizophrenic patients and thirty health control subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)scans.Voxel-based analysis was used to compared fractional ani-sotropy(FA)map between the two groups.Correlations were analyzed with pearson relative analysis between impaired facial emotion perception tested by facial emotion categorization(FEC)and severity of symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results (1)Compared with controls, FESZ patients showed overall decreased FA in WM of the body of left ventral frontal lobe((MNI(x,y,z):-18,26,-4;t=4.43)),right supramarginal gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):32,-50,26;t=4.27)),left middle oc-cipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):-26,-60,0;t=4.89)),right middle occipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):28,-70, 14;t=4.18)),left fusiform gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):-40,-50,0;t=3.92)),left cerebellum anterior lobe ((MNI(x,y,z):-32,-56,-28;t=4.57)),right parahippocampa gyrus1((MNI(x,y,z):32,-10,-14;t=4.16)),right parahippocampa gyrus2((MNI(x,y,z):16,-6,-14;t=4.56)),left anterior cingulate ((MNI(x,y,z):-2,4,-6;t=4.41)),left extra-nuclear((MNI(x,y,z):-2,-10,-6;t=4.44)),right thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):10,-10,2;t=4.20)),left thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):-22,-28,12;t=4.01)), and right caudate((MNI(x,y,z):14,12,8;t=4.87)).(2)Compared with controls,the patients with schizo-phrenia showed a higher shift point and a steeper slope than control subjects in FEC.Correlational analysis re-vealed that the negative correlations were found between the slope and negative factor(r=-0.298,P=0.036),between positive factor and the FA value in WM of the right middle occipital gyral(r=-0.322,P=0.023)and the left middle occipital gyral(r=-0.288,P=0.043),and between the FA value in the left cere-bellum anterior lobe and shift point(r=-0.393,P=0.005),but the positive correlation was found between disorganized/concrete factor and the FA value in the right parahippocampal gyrus(r=0.429,P=0.002).Con-clusions There are extensive microstructural abnormalities in WM of patients with FESZ.Disrupted WM in-tegrity in these regions may constitute a potential neural pathological basis for the facial emotion perception impairments in schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of morin-induced autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells based on mTOR/STAT3 signaling axis.Methods A549 cells were divided into blank group and 30,60,90,120 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups.After 24,48 and 72 hours of culture,the cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 method,and the cell inhibition rate was calculated.A549 cells were divided into blank group and 30,90,150 μg·mL-1 morin groups.After 14 days of culture,the cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay.After 24 hours of culture,the cell proliferation ability was detected by BeyoClickTM EdU-488.Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry;acridine orange staining was used to detect cell autophagy;the formation of autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Western Blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis,autophagy and mTOR/STAT3 signaling axis-related proteins in cells.A549 cells were divided into blank group,blank group + chloroquine(10 μg·mL-1)group,morin(30,150 μg·mL-1)group,morin(30,150 μg·mL-1)+ chloroquine(10 μg·mL-1)group.After 48 hours of intervention,the cell activity was detected by CCK-8 method,and the cell survival rate was calculated.Results Compared with the blank group,the inhibition rate of A549 cells in 60,90,120,150 μ g·mL-1 of morin group was significantly increased after 24 hours of intervention(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).The inhibition rates of A549 cells in 30,60,90,120 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups were significantly increased after 48 and 72 hours of intervention(P＜0.001).The number of A549 cell colonies and the number of green fluorescent proliferation positive cells in the 30,90,150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),the apoptosis rate was significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),and the protein expression level of cleaved-PARP was significantly increased(P＜0.001).The protein expression levels of p-P38/P38 MAPK in A549 cells of 90 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups were significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Different degrees of orange fluorescence appeared in A549 cells of 30,90 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups,and the orange fluorescence of 90 and 150 μg·mL-1 of morin groups was significant.Autophagosomes and autolysosomes appeared in the cytoplasm of A549 cells in 150 μg·mL-1 of morin group,respectively.The protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ in A549 cells of 150 μg·mL-1 of morin group was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).The protein expression of Atg16L1-Ⅱ in A549 cells of 90,150 μg·mL-1 of morin group was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.001),and the protein expressions of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-STAT3/STAT3 were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.001).Compared with the morin(150 μg·mL-1)group,the survival rate of A549 cells in the morin(150 μg·mL-1)+chloroquine(10 μg·mL-1)group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Morin can promote the apoptosis of A549 cells and induce autophagy in A549 cells,and the mechanism may be related to mTOR/STAT3 axis.

Objective:To analysis the incentive level of family doctors in primary medical and health institutions in Beijing, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide references for promoting family doctors′ contract service.Methods:From October to December 2021, 40 family doctors were randomly selected from 135 urban community health service centers in 8 districts of Beijing, and a survey was conducted on basic demographic information, institutional organizational capacity evaluation, and family doctor incentive level evaluation (including four dimensions of work value, organizational environment, personal development, and reward compensation), and the influencing factors of family doctor incentive level was analyzed. Chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.Results:A total of 4 568 family doctors were included, and the score of family doctors′ incentive level was 3.75±0.81, among which the work value score was the highest(3.89±0.77), followed by the organizational environment score(3.69±0.92) and personal development score(3.75±0.90), and the lowest score was reward(3.75±0.90). Age, education, professional title, working years and average total working hours per week negatively affected the incentive level( P<0.05), while the average monthly income, the frequency of attending training and further study, and the organizational ability of the organization positively affected the incentive level( P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall incentive level of family doctors in primary medical and health institutions in Beijing needed improvement, and there were many factors that affect the incentive level of family doctors. It was recommended to appropriately increase the salary and benefits of family doctors, reasonably arrange the workload of family doctors, strengthen the training mechanism of family doctors, and strengthen the organizational capacity building of primary medical and health institutions.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis related risk factors in nonalcoholic steatosis liver cirrhosis(NASLC).Methods From January 1st,2006 to December 31st, 2013,in a prospective cohort of 12 489 patients with liver cirrhosis set,174 patients were with NASLC and 306 patients with hepatitis B were the control.The patients were followed up every three months. The clinical data of patients were collected,including gender,age,height,body weight,blood pressure, history of hypertension,history of diabetes,family history of tumor,blood glucose level,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)level,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)level,triglyceride level,white blood cell,platelet,prothrombin time activity,total bilirubin,albumin,cholinesterase,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,alpha-fetoprotein,abdominal ultrasound,abdominal computer tomography and endoscopy.Body mass index(BMI)and Child-Pugh scores were calculated.The differences between the two groups were analyzed in the incidence of ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,hepatorenal syndrome, esophageal varices bleeding,liver failure,hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality.Chi square test and t test were performed for statistical analysis.logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with NASLC.Results The proportion of female in NASLC group was higher than that in posthepatic cirrhosis group(56.0%,47/84 vs 28.7%,49/171), and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =17.653,P<0.01).BMI,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,level of fasting blood glucose,LDL-C,triglyceride,prothrombin time activity,albumin, cholinesterase,cases number of hypertension,diabetes and metabolic syndrome of NASLC group were all significantly higher than those of posthepatic cirrhosis group(t=6.267,4.091,5.773,2.914,1.877, 2.044,2.326,1.935 and 2.023;χ2=7.241,9.399 and 81.367;all P<0.05),however,serum levels of HDL-C,total bilirubin and creatinine were significantly lower than those of posthepatic cirrhosis group (t=6.127,8.487 and 3.261;all P < 0.05).T he three-year accumulative incidences of hepatic encephalopathy,hepatorenal syndrome and liver failure of NASLC group(8.3%,7/84;1.2%,1/84;0) were all lower than those of posthepatic cirrhosis control group(22.2%,38/171;9.9%,17/171 and 5.8%, 10/171;χ2 = 5.751,3.862 and 3.927,all P< 0.05).The three-year accumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma of NASLC was 8.3%(7/84).The three-year accumulative incidence of mortality was lower than that of posthepatic cirrhosis group(2.4%,2/84 vs 13.5%,23/171;χ2 = 3.884,P=0.049).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that BMI(odds ratio(OR)= 1.469,95%confidence interval(CI)1.093 to 2.176,P=0.016)and diabetes(OR=1.734,95% CI 1.269 to 2.388, P=0.012)were independent risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in NASLC patients. Conclusions NASLC occurrs mainly in female with good liver function.BMI and diabetes are the risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with NASLC.

Objective: To investigate the effects of two nanotopographies of ultraviolet (UV)-treated titanium surface on macrophage biological behaviour and inflammatory cytokines secretion, and to provide basis for clinical application of UV-treatment in dental implant modification. Methods: Titanium disks were allocated into two groups. Samples in one group were acid-etched in hydrofluoric acid (Acid Ti group), and those in the other group were acid-etched and anodized (Anodization group) to form two nanotopographies respectively. The surface morphology was evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The samples were stored in the dark for 8 weeks. Thirteen samples from each group were exposed to UV-irradiation for 48 h (Acid Ti+UV group and Anodization+UV group), UV-untreated samples from Acid Ti and Anodization groups served as control. Hydrophilicity of samples was measured using contact angle measuring device. After 4, 24 and 72 h of incubation, macrophage cell adhesion and proliferation were conducted using cell counting kit-8. Cytokine/chemokine secretions [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)] were measured from cell culture supernatants at 24 and 72 h using magnetic luminex assay. Cell morphology was examined using FE-SEM after 2 h of incubation. Results: Micropitted/nanopillar and micropitted/nanotubular topographies were observed in Acid Ti group and Anodization group respectively. Contact angles in Acid Ti+UV and Anodization+UV groups (20.2°±2.8° and 0.0°±0.0°) were significantly smaller than those in the Acid Ti and Anodization groups (P<0.05). Cell adhesion and proliferation in all groups at 4 and 24 h showed no difference (P>0.05). Cell proliferation in Acid Ti+UV and Anodization+UV groups at 72 h were (0.92±0.13) and (1.10±0.08) respectively, which were significantly higher than those in Acid Ti and Anodization groups. TNF-α concentration in Acid Ti+UV and Anodization+UV groups at 72 h were (1.03±0.11) and (0.87±0.10) ng/L, MCP-1 were (301.7±50.3) and (240.8±18.7) ng/L, MIP-1α were (224.9±30.6) and (233.9±14.9) ng/L respectively, which were significantly lower than those in Acid Ti and Anodization groups (P<0.05). Conclusions UV treatment can increase hydrophilicity of two titanium surface topographies, especially of Anodization+UV group. UV-treated titanium surfaces can promote macrophage proliferation and reduce the inflammatory response in vitro.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of various oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome （CP/CPPS） based on network Meta-analysis. MethodRandomized controlled trials （RCTs） of oral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of CP/CPPS were retrieved from the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， EMbase， and Web of Science from database inception to November， 2022. The quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool， and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. ResultA total of 63 RCTs were included， with 13 kinds of oral Chinese patent medicines involved， including Qianlie Shutong capsules， Ningmitai capsules， Qianlie Beixi capsules， Sanjin tablets， etc. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of clinical effective rate， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Beixi capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing pain， the intervention measure ranked first was Sanjin tablets combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing urination disorder， the intervention measure ranked first was Relinqing granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of improving quality of life， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Beixi capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing the total National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index （NIH-CPSI） score， the intervention measure ranked first was Yinhua Miyanling tablets combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing leukocyte count in prostatic secretions， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Jiedu capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of safety， the intervention measure with the least adverse reactions was Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine. The cluster analysis results showed that Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine had outstanding efficacy and high safety. ConclusionOral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of CP/CPPS can improve the comprehensive efficacy， reduce the NIH-CPSI score and leukocyte count in prostatic secretions， and improve the quality of life of patients. For clinical treatment， the preferred choice is Qianlie Beixi capsules or Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine. Limited by the quantity and quality of literature included in this study， the results need to be verified by high-quality studies with a larger sample size.

Sleep deprivation refers to the loss of sleep caused by self-inflicted or external factors. There is increasing evidence that pregnancy is prone to sleep deprivation, which not only disrupts maternal functions but also affects offspring′s cognitive function. This article reviews the effects of sleep deprivation during pregnancy on offspring cognition and its underlying mechanisms, in order to establish a foundation for developing scientifically sound sleep strategies during pregnancy and to provide clinical insights for improving the neurodevelopment and cognitive function of offspring.