BACKGROUND:Maxilofacial bone and periodontal tissue defect is one of the important diseases that affect human functionality and aesthetic appearance, and bone tissue engineering becomes the main means to repair maxilofacial and periodontal tissue defects. Currently, the basic mode is constructed by the combination of co-culture of seed cels and cels, scaffolds and micro-environment. Pre-vascularization and rapid osteogenesis of tissue-engineered bone can reduce implant necrosis and absorption, and improve repair success rate. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the new progress of bone tissue engineering used in the oral and maxilofacial and periodontal tissue in the past 5 years. METHODS:CNKI database and PubMed database from 2010 to 2015 were searched using the keywords of “oral and maxilofacial, bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, vascularization, genetic modification, seed cels, support material, microenvironment” in Chinese and English, respectively. After elimination of independent and repetitive studies, 68 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tissue-engineered bone has achieved tremendous progress in the repair of oral and maxilofacial and periodontal tissue defects. The three-dimensional scaffold with gene-modified seed cels can effectively promote the vascularization, improve the osteogenic effect and increased the probability of success in mandibular defect repair. In addition, tissue-engineered bone implantation into the alveolar ridge defects or fresh extraction fossa can effectively restore and preserve alveolar ridge height and width, to ensure a good bone condition for subsequent restorative treatment. After the implantation of tissue-engineered bone, different external environmental stimuli could be loaded at defect sites, and the extracelular matrix components or signal pathway could be adjusted to change the process of vascularization. Vascularization is a premise condition for the establishment of an effective blood circulation to ensure the success of scaffold implantation.

von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) exist in a complex form in blood.After being activated,they mediated platelet adhesion and aggregation,and play an important role in the course of thrombosis.The levels in blood of both of them were affected by a variety of factors.vWF and FⅧ are closely associated with the risk,etiological type,severity and outcome of acute ischemic stroke.Studies on the corresponding antagonistic drugs have made a breakthrough,and these drugs may become more advantageous antithrombotic s.

Objective To study the association of serum transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-?1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) with left ventricular remodeling in essential hypertension (EH) by measuring the changes of their serum levels in patients with essential hypertension (EH).Methods RIA and ELISA were used to detect serum TGF-?_1, IGF-1, AngⅡ, ALD and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated in 59 patients with EH and in 29 normal subjects. Results The level of TGF-?1 in EH group was lower than that in normal subjects (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of total saponins from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced kidney damage in mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS Thirty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group, CDDP group, and GSLS(150 and 300)+CDDP groups. GSLS was administered to mice by oral gavage once a day for 7 d. On the 7th day, a single injection of CDDP 20 mg·kg-1 was given 1 h after GSLS 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 before GSLS 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 continued to be given for 3 d. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) , catalase (CAT) in renal tissue, reduced glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) and interleukin 1β(IL-1β) of cisplatin induced mice were detected after 72 h. HE and PAS staining were used to observe the renal histopathological changes;While TUNEL and Hoechst33258 staining were employed to observe apoptosis in kidney tissues. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, CDDP group had a significant reduction in relative body mass (P<0.05), and the level of GSH and CAT in kidney tissues (P<0.05). The level of CRE, BUN, TNF-α, and IL-1βin serum and renal indexes significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), especially BUN and CRE that respectively doubled and quadrupled. CDDP group developed glomerulus swelling, renal tubular expansion and epithelial cell necrosis. Trans?parent tube type of tube cavity appeared, the nucleus pycnosis disappeared, but renal interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration appeared. There was a large amount of glycogen deposition and high expressions of TUNEL positive cells and Hoechst33258 positive cells. Compared with CDDP group, the levels of BUN and CRE in GSLS treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in serum, glycogen deposition was reducted and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells decreased in kidney tissues (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α, IL-1β(P<0.05) and the degree of renal tissue necrosis were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in CDDP+GSLS 300 group, but there was a significant increase in the level of CAT and GSH (P<0.05). CONCLUSION GSLS can protect against mouse kidney injury induced by cisplatin. The mechanism may be related to oxidation, reduced inflammation reaction and resistance to apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo determine whether there is correlation between the pathological classification and urinary level of transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α,and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) of lupus nephritis.MethodsELISA was used to test the levels of urinary level of TGF-β1,MIP-lα and NGAL.The correlation between these three urinary markers and the pathological classifications,Austin score,histological semi-quantitative score and clinical data were analyzed.Comparisons between groups were performed with t-test,ANOVA and X2 test.Correlation analysis was performed with Pearson analysis.Results①There was significant difference in urinary TGF- β1,MIP1α,and NGAL levels when compared the lupus nephritis group,SLE patients without renal damage group and the normal control group [TGF-β1(351±219),(92±60),(74±29) pg/ml],[MIP-1α(18.0±15.5),(8.5±2.3),(7.1±1.9) pg/ml],[NGAL (1.104±0.519),(0.181±0.030),(0.146±0.024) ng/ml],while there was no significant difference between lupus nephritis (LN) group and patients with other glomerulonephritis.② There was significant difference in the three urinary markers when stratified the LN patients based on the pathological classifications,however,there was no significant difference between the LN group and other glomerulonephritis group.③ Analysis of the correlation between the three urinary markers and semiquantitative histopathological score of the LN patients showed that the urinary level of TGF-β1 and MsMI,GCI,TCI,VCI was closely related to each other,the urinary MIP-1α was related to and endol,and the dGAI and VCI was closely related, while the urinary NGAL was closely related with endol,dGAI and MsHI.The correlation analysis between the three urinary markers and acute and chronic pathological index score of the LN patients showed that TGF- β1 was correlated with the chronic index(r=0.89,P＜0.01 ),the MIP-lα and NGAL were significantly correlated with the activity index(r=0.71,P＜0.01 ; r=0.60,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion There is a positive correlation between the urine TGF-β1 level and chronic kidney disease.The urinary MIP-lαand NGAL are associated with active renal damage.

Objective To observe the effects of dual antiplatelet therapy at different time after cervical artery stenting and to investigate the reasonable time for dual antiplatelet therapy. Methods Sixty-six patients with symptomatic cervical artery artery stenosis ＞50% or asymptomatic stenosis ＞70% performed stenting under local anesthesia. They were randomly allocated into dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin + clopidogrel) for 1 month and for 3-month groups after procedure, and then they began to take aspirin for a long time. The complications, vascular events, and the incidence of restenosis were observed respectively. Results There were no vascular events and death in both groups from 6 to 36 months after procedure. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complication and restenosis (9% vs. 6%, P = 0. 642). Conclusions There was no significant difference in the efficacy of aspirin + clopidogrel treatment after cervical artery stenting between 1 month and 3 months. One month dual antiplatelet therapy may be appropriate, but large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm it.

Objective:To establish the quality control method for Tribulus terrestris L. by colorimetry and HPLC. Methods:The HPLC method was with a Welch Ultimate LP-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm),the mobile phase was methanol-water(80:20) and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. The colorimetry was with a perchloric acid method. The saponins of Tribulus terrestrist as the index,the determination method for total saponins and saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. was established. Results:The results of the HPLC and colorimetry methods showed saponins of Tribulus terrestris had good linear relationship within the range of 0. 820-7. 380 μg and 24. 600-86. 100 μg with the average recovery of 99. 3% and 99. 5%,respectively. Total saponins and saponins of Tribulus terres-tris in Tribulus terrestris from 18 habitats were measured by the methods. Conclusion:The methods are sensitive,accurate and repro-ducible,and can be used as the quality control methods for Tribulus terrestris.

Objective To observe the effect of ischemic postconditioning on neuron structure plasticity and memory after global cerebral ischemia injury in rats and discuss the protection mechanism from aspect of Morphology. Methods A total of 36 SD male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, global cerebral ischemia for 15 min group and global cerebral ischemia plus postconditioning group, 12 rats per group. The pullsinelli 4 vessel occlusion was applied to produce the models of global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion with 15 min and postconditioning with three cycles, of 15 sec release and 15 sec occlusion (15s/15s). Six rats from each group were evaluated by Morris Maze test for the ability of space learning and memory and the other six rats were evaluated by golgi stain for morphologic change of neuron. Results The ischemic postcondtioning group showed significant shorter mean escape latency compared with the sham operated group ( at day 3, P =0. 014; at day 4, P =0.040; at day 5, P =0.001 ). The density of dendritic spine in ischemic postcondtioning group was increased more significantly compared with ischemic group ( F = 562. 820,P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning has obvious protective effect on cerebral ischemiainduced memory impairment, which may be related to alleviation of dendritic spine injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of minocycline on cell viability and neurite outgrowth of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) after oxygen‐glucose deprivation(OGD) injury .Methods PC12 cells were exposed to OGD insult for 2 ,4 ,6 ,8 h to estab‐lish a cerebral ischemia model in vitro .High‐differentiated PC12 cells were cultivated and randomly divided into three groups :con‐trol group ,OGD group and various doses of minocycline(0 .1 ,1 .0 ,10 .0 μM) treated group .24 h after OGD‐reperfusion ,PC12 cells viability was assessed by CCK‐8 assay ,the neurite was labeled with MAP‐2 by immunofluorescence and neurite length was meas‐ured by the Image‐Pro Plus 7 .0 software ,GAP‐43 protein expression was determined by Western blotting .Results Compared to the OGD groups ,minocycline induced a concentration‐dependent increase in cells viability [(46 .1 ± 2 .9)% vs .(77 .0 ± 2 .5)% ,P<0.01],improvedneuriteoutgrowthandincreasedtheexpressionofGAP‐43proteininPC12cellsafterOGDinjury([(0.34±0.04) vs .(2 .11 ± 0 .10) ,P<0 .01] .Conclusion Minocycline could protect against oxygen glucose deprivation injury and promote neurite outgrowth .This finding suggests minocycline may be a novel therapy for cerebral ischemia .

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of FVIII(factor VIII,FVIII)and VWF (von Willebrand factor,VWF)elevation on the severity, prognosis and inpatient complications such as infections and neuroworsening in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Ninety patients with acute ischemic stroke and 50 pa?tients without ischemic stroke were recruited from affiliated Shengjing hospital of China Medical University between De?cember 2014 and March 2015 . We tested FVIII and VWF levels of all the patients. Patients with acute ischemic stroke were divided into 4 groups:both FVIII and VWF within normal range(FVIII-/VWF-);elevated FVIII, but normal VWF (FVIII↑/VWF-); FVIII within normal range, but elevated VWF(FVIII-/VWF↑); and elevation of both FVIII and VWF(FVIII↑/VWF↑). Results The median of VWF was higher in the case group (1521.88 U/L) than in the control group (1281.77U/L)(P=0.023). Compared with patients with both FVIII and VWF within normal range, patients with ele? vation of both FVIII and VWF had more severe neurological dysfunction(NIHSS at admission>5)(OR=3.643,95%CI:1.258~10.549,P=0.017)and poorer prognosis(mRS>2 at the point of 3 months after stroke)(OR=7,95%CI:2.304~21.266,P=0.001), higher proportion of mRS>2 at discharge(OR=3.797,95%CI:1.346~10.713,P=0.012),and more in?patient complications such as infections(OR=3.913,95%CI:1.115~13.729,P=0.033)and neuroworsening(OR=5.538, 95%CI:1.099~27.908,P=0.038). After additional adjustment for various confounding factors, elevation of both FVIII and VWF was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke(OR=4.495,95%CI 1.012~19.957,P=0.048). Conclusions The elevation of FVIII and VWF is positively associated with the severity and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke, which may serve as an independent predictor of poor prognosis.