BACKGROUND:Exercises play an important role in the recovery of neurological function after stroke. Few studies concerned the amount of exercise in rats after stroke. Hippocampus is strongly associated with cognitive function, but no reports addressed the expression of repulsive guidance molecule A in the rat hippocampus after ischemia and reperfusion. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of exercise on repulsive guidance molecule A expression in the hippocampus on the ischemic side in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:120 Sprague-Dawley rats were equal y and randomly divided into normal group, sham-operation group, and 7-, 14-, 28-day model groups. The model of right cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by ligation with nylon monofilament in rats of 7-, 14-, 28-day model groups. Low exercise group received treadmil training of 5 m/min, 5 minutes;7 m/min, 5 minutes;9 m/min, 20 minutes. Moderate exercise group received treadmil training of 8 m/min, 5 minutes;10 m/min, 5 minutes;13 m/min, 20 minutes. High exercise group received treadmil training of 8 m/min, 5 minutes;11 m/min, 5 minutes;20 m/min, 20 minutes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Repulsive guidance molecule A mRNA and protein expression was highest in the ischemic side of the hippocampus in the 7-day model group without excercise. Moreover, repulsive guidance molecule A relative expression gradual y reduced over time. Compared with non-exercise, repulsive guidance molecule A mRNA and protein expression significantly decreased in the 14-and 28-day model groups during moderate exercise (P<0.05), but repulsive guidance molecule A mRNA and protein expression increased during high exercise. Above data confirmed that moderate exercises could decrease repulsive guidance molecule A expression in the affected side of the hippocampus of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Chinese herb in preventing recurrence of ulcerative colitis. Methods One hundred and three UC patients were divided into treatment group and control group randomly. The treatment group was treated by Chinese herb and the control group was treated by Sulfasalazine. After treated for three months, fifty three full remission patients were followed-up. CD4+, CD8+ and CD3+ cell count were performed and influence of Chinese herb on recurrence was observed. Results Either the cell count of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ or the percentage of CD8+ in the peripheral blood was significantly higher in recurrence group than those in the control (P

Objective To detect the effect of olfactory bulb(OB)lesion on proliferation,migration and differentiation of the neural stem cells(NSCs)in the subventricular zone(SVZ).Methods Forty-two healthy female SD rats were enrolled and randomly divided into normal control group,isotonic saline group and OB lesion at day 3,at weeks 1,2,3 and 4 groups,six rats per group.OB lesion was induced by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA)injection.Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)was injected intraperitoneally to label NSCs.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the proliferation of SVZ NSCs.In addition,another 18 rats were randomly divided into normal control group,isotonic saline group and lesion group,six rats per group.BrdU was injected intraperitoneally one week after OB lesion and then the animals were sacrificed four weeks after BrdU injection to detect the migration and differentiation of NSCs with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Results Three days after OB lesion,BrdU-positive cells in SVZ began to increase(26.33 ± 2.58,P ＜0.01),reached the maximum at week 1 (35.33 +3.01,P＜0.01)and still sustained a high level at week 4(19.50+ 2.26,P＞0.05).Five weeks after the OB lesion,the rostral migratory-stream(RMS)and the BrdU-positive cells in OB were significantly increased(86.50 + 5.09,P ＜ 0.01)and(52.83 + 3.87,P ＜ 0.01),respectively.By using fluorescence double staining,most of the BrdU-positive cells were co-localized with the neuronal nuclear antigen(Neun),with a portion of BrdU-positive cells expressing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Conclusions OB lesion can improve the proliferation of NSCs in SVZ and migration of NSCs to OB.The newborn cells can differentiate into not only neurons,but also gliocytes and may be involved in lesion repair.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of polymyositis and dermatomyositis ( PM/DM) with lym-phoma .Methods The clinical data , treatment and prognosis of PM/DM with lymphoma from 2000 to 2015 in Pe-king Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively collected and analyzed .Results Ten cases of PM/DM patients complicated with lymphoma were recruited .6 were female and 4 was male.The mean ages of the diagnosis of PM/DM and lymphoma were 44.5 and 44.9 years old respectively .The average disease course from PM/DM to lymphoma was 4.7months.Six cases were dermatomyositis and 4 cases were polymyositis.Three cases had pulmo-nary fibrosis and 2 cases had arthritis .No case had a positive result of anti-Jo-1 antibody .The most frequent symp-toms complicated with lymphoma included as following:enlargement of lymph nodes (9 cases), fever (8 cases), splenomegaly(5 cases).The top 3 lymphoma biopsy specimen included lymph node (4 cases), skin(2 cases)and local mass(2 cases).All the 10 patients were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma.4 cases were derived from T cell, 2 cases from B cell, and 4 cases with unknown origin .The clinical staging showed III B (4 cases) and IV B (6 cases).Immunosuppressant agents were given to treat PM/DM.During the follow-up period, 5 patients died, 4 patients received chemotherapy and 1 patient was lost .Conclusions The coincidence of PM/DM and lymphoma is not rare .The course between PM/DM and lymphoma is short , and the mortality is significant , which should arise the attention of clinicians .

Objective To observe the effect of ischemic postconditioning on neuron structure plasticity and memory after global cerebral ischemia injury in rats and discuss the protection mechanism from aspect of Morphology. Methods A total of 36 SD male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, global cerebral ischemia for 15 min group and global cerebral ischemia plus postconditioning group, 12 rats per group. The pullsinelli 4 vessel occlusion was applied to produce the models of global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion with 15 min and postconditioning with three cycles, of 15 sec release and 15 sec occlusion (15s/15s). Six rats from each group were evaluated by Morris Maze test for the ability of space learning and memory and the other six rats were evaluated by golgi stain for morphologic change of neuron. Results The ischemic postcondtioning group showed significant shorter mean escape latency compared with the sham operated group ( at day 3, P =0. 014; at day 4, P =0.040; at day 5, P =0.001 ). The density of dendritic spine in ischemic postcondtioning group was increased more significantly compared with ischemic group ( F = 562. 820,P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning has obvious protective effect on cerebral ischemiainduced memory impairment, which may be related to alleviation of dendritic spine injury.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol post?conditioning on oxygen?glucose deprivation and restoration ( OGD∕R)?induced abnormal cell cycle activation in hippocampal neurons of rats. Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons obtained from fetal Wistar rats were cultured for 7 days and seeded in culture wells (100 μl∕well) or in culture flasks (3 ml∕flask) at a density of 5×105cells∕ml. The neurons were divided into 3 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C); group OGD∕R; propofol post?conditioning group (group PP). The neurons were subjected to oxygen?glucose deprivation for 1 h followed by restoration of oxygen?gulcose supply for 24 h. Propofol 1.2μg∕ml was added immediately after onset of oxygen?glucose restoration, and the neurons were incubated for 2 h in group PP. At 24 h of oxygen?glucose restoration, cells were collected for measurement of the cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) , intracellular Ca2+concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) and distribution of cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry. Results Compared with group C, the cell viability and MMP were significantly decreased, [ Ca2+] i was signifi? cantly increased, the proportion of the cells in G0∕G1 phase was significantly decreased, and the proportion of the cells in S and G2∕M phases was significantly increased in OGD∕R and PP groups (P<0.05). Com?pared with group OGD∕R, the cell viability and MMP were significantly increased, [ Ca2+] i was significant?ly decreased, the proportion of the cells in G0∕G1 phase was significantly increased, and the proportion of the cells in S and G2∕M phases was significantly decreased in group PP (P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol post?conditioning reduces OGD∕R?induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of rats is associated with inhibition of abnormal cell cycle activation.

Metastasis of tumor cells poses great difficulties for tumor therapy. Tumor microenvironment is a complex and rich multicellular environment for the development of tumors, in which tumor-associated immune cells induce tumor cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which enhances the invasiveness and motility of tumor cells and prompts tumor cells to metastasize, and tumor cells undergoing EMT secrete cytokines and other substances to reorganize the tumor microenvironment. The interaction between EMT and the tumor microenvironment aggravate tumor invasion and metastasis. This paper collects research literature on tumor microenvironment and EMT of tumor cells from 2015 to 2023, and reviews the role of tumor microenvironment in tumor EMT, providing the basis for research into tumor metastasis mechanism and development of anti-tumor drugs.

Hypoxia is the most common tumor microenvironment caused by rapid proliferation of tumor cells, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the main transcription factor for tumor cells to adapt to hypoxia. Current research has found that HIF can interact with a variety of mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to the transcription and expression of target genes in response to hypoxia, which ultimately promotes tumor angiogenesis, and induces physiological changes such as migration, invasion, and immune escape of tumor cells. However, the signaling pathways involved in the HIF regulatory mechanism are complex, and the mechanism of HIF in the tumor microenvironment need to be further investigated, also most HIF inhibitors are still in the preclinical research stage. This paper reviews the research progress on the effects of HIF on tumor mesenchymal stromal cells to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tumors targeting HIF.

Objective To study the effect of DNA damage induced by H2 O2 on the micronucleus frequency in lymphocytes. Methods Resting lymphocytes were treated with different levels of H2 O2 (10,50,100,1 000 μmol/L).1 000 μmol/L H2 O2 was added into mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures at different time intervals.Then micronucleus rate was examined by the conven-tional culture method.Results There was no significant change of the micronucleus frequency in the experimental groups.Conclu-sion H2 O2 could induce lymphocyte DNA damage rapidly,but exerts no effect on the formation of micronuclei,which may be relat-ed to the type of DNA damage and rapid DNA repair.

AIM: To study the chromatographic fingerprint for Schizonepeta tenuisfolia Briq. by gas chromatography (GC). METHODS: The GC equipped with FID detector and a Varian CP-Sil 24 CB capillary column was used. The temperature program of column oven was as follows: 50℃, held for 3 min; increased at a rate of 2 ℃/min to 110℃, then at 6℃/min to 250℃, held for 5 min. RESULTS: The analytic method for fingerprint of Schizonepeta tenuisfolia Briq. was developed and validated. The fingerprint for Schizonepeta tenuisfolia Briq. was established. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, precise and reliable. The fingerprint is helpful to the quality control of Schizonepeta tenuisfolia Briq. in Chaijing Injection.