Thyroid cancer is caused by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, metabolism, and the immune microenvironment, among which ionizing radiation exposure is an important risk factor for thyroid cancer. As one of the most sensitive target organs of ionizing radiation, the thyroid gland may have different risks of thyroid cancer caused by different types of ionizing radiation exposures, such as medical exposure, occupational exposure, and emergency exposure. The sensitivity of children and adolescents are higher than that of adults. The dose-response relationship still needs to be further explored. The molecular mechanism between ionizing radiation and the increased risk of thyroid cancer is complex, which may involve DNA damage and repair abnormalities, gene mutations, non-coding RNA regulation, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation imbalance, and immune microenvironment changes. This article reviews the risk and molecular mechanisms associated with different types of ionizing radiation exposure in thyroid cancer, based on literature retrieved from CNKI and PubMed databases. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the early monitoring, prevention, and intervention of thyroid cancer related to ionizing radiation exposure.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of various oral Chinese patent medicines in the adjuvant treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome （CP/CPPS） based on network Meta-analysis. MethodRandomized controlled trials （RCTs） of oral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of CP/CPPS were retrieved from the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang， VIP， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， EMbase， and Web of Science from database inception to November， 2022. The quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool， and the data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software. ResultA total of 63 RCTs were included， with 13 kinds of oral Chinese patent medicines involved， including Qianlie Shutong capsules， Ningmitai capsules， Qianlie Beixi capsules， Sanjin tablets， etc. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of clinical effective rate， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Beixi capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing pain， the intervention measure ranked first was Sanjin tablets combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing urination disorder， the intervention measure ranked first was Relinqing granules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of improving quality of life， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Beixi capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing the total National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index （NIH-CPSI） score， the intervention measure ranked first was Yinhua Miyanling tablets combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of reducing leukocyte count in prostatic secretions， the intervention measure ranked first was Qianlie Jiedu capsules combined with conventional western medicine. In terms of safety， the intervention measure with the least adverse reactions was Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine. The cluster analysis results showed that Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine had outstanding efficacy and high safety. ConclusionOral Chinese patent medicine in the adjuvant treatment of CP/CPPS can improve the comprehensive efficacy， reduce the NIH-CPSI score and leukocyte count in prostatic secretions， and improve the quality of life of patients. For clinical treatment， the preferred choice is Qianlie Beixi capsules or Qianlie Shutong capsules combined with conventional western medicine. Limited by the quantity and quality of literature included in this study， the results need to be verified by high-quality studies with a larger sample size.

Objective: To analyse associated factors of campus bullying in schools, and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of campus bullying, so as to provide a theoretical basis for campus bullying prevention and control. Methods: In September 2023, 89 117 middle and high school students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method within 12 cities (103 counties) in Inner Mongolia, and were surveyed with self administered questionnaire. Among them, there were 62 381 participants in the training set and 26 736 participants in the testing set. Statistical analysis was conducted using χ 2 test and multiple Logistic regression, and a nomogram model was drawn for predicting campus bullying. Results: The prevalence of campus bullying was 3.49%. Living in a suburban county, living in an unstable family, not the only child, having a father with a college degree or above, sometimes or never eating breakfast, being overweight or obese, living on campus, being scolded by parents in the past 30 days, smoking, Internet addiction, experiencing depression, anxiety symptoms, recreational soluble solvents use, cough medicine abuse, nonprescribed use of sedatives were all positively correlated with campus bullying ( OR =1.18, 1.40, 1.12, 1.33, 1.13, 1.72 , 1.12, 1.17, 1.82, 1.32, 1.83, 3.92, 2.40, 2.25, 1.51, 1.63, P <0.01).There were a negative correlation between high school students, female students, and the number of physical education classes per week (2-3, ≥4) with campus bullying ( OR =0.67, 0.58, 0.72, 0.83, P <0.01). The prediction model of campus bullying risk was established by nomogram model. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.82, and the calibration curve showed that the predicted value was close to the actual value. Conclusions Bullying among middle and high school students are related to family intimacy, poor daily behaviour and psychological factors. Targets of bullying intervention in schools should be identified, and preventive and control measures against bullying in secondary schools should be formulated, so as to reduce the occurrence of campus bullying.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Chengde city.Methods:From August 2022 to June 2023, throat swabs and clinical data of 478 hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in the Chengde Central Hospital were collected. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the molecular epidemiology of RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes and analyze the clinical features of patients with RSV infection.Results:Among the hospitalized children, 67.57% (323/478) tested positive for RSV. The outbreak of RSV infection was caused by RSV-A subtype. The peaks of RSV-A infection occurred from November to December, 2022 and May to June, 2023. There were 86.07% (278/323) of the RSV-A-positive cases had mixed infection with other pathogens, primarily bacterial pathogens with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Influenza virus A was the most common viral pathogens causing mixed infection. The level of lactate dehydrogenase was higher in the patients with single RSV-A infection than in those with mixed infection ( Z=2.396, P=0.017), and higher than the normal upper limit. Compared with the single infection group, the mixed infection group had higher white blood cell count ( Z=2.417, P=0.016), neutrophil ratio ( Z=3.218, P=0.001), C-reactive protein level ( Z=1.998, P=0.046) and creatinine level ( Z=2.107, P=0.035), and lower lymphocyte ratio ( Z=3.205, P=0.001), but they were all within the normal range. There were no significant differences in the clinical features between RSV-A-positive patients co-infected with bacteria or other viruses (all P>0.05). Conclusions:RSV-A is the leading cause of respiratory tract infection in children in Chengde from 2022 to 2023, and often co-detected with bacteria. The mixed infection with other respiratory pathogens is related to the clinical features of patients with RSV-A infection.

Objective To illuminate the benefit finding experience of maintenance hemodialysis patients,and to provide a reference for promoting their mental health.Methods From March to May 2023,the purposive sampling was used to select 13 maintenance hemodialysis patients in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai for semi-structured interviews.The data were organized with the help of Nvivo software,and the Colaizzi's seven-step method was used to analyze the data.Results 3 themes were extracted:①the search of meaning,including approved hemodialysis,the desire to live;②gaining a sense of mastery,including adjusting self-psychology,developing healthy living habits,and learning hemodialysis related behavior management;(3)self-enhancement,including excavating external resources and affirming self-worth.Conclusion Maintenance hemodialysis patients have benefit finding experience in many aspects.Medical staff can guide patients to carry out positive psychological construction by strengthening disease knowledge education,building a psychological mutual assistance platform,forming a multidisciplinary nursing team,excavate and provide effective social support resources,and cultivate patients'self-health management,so as to improve the level and ability of benefit finding of patients,experience positive incentives,promote physical and mental health,and improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients.

Objective This study aims at establishing a teaching catalog and content for breast rare dis-eases and developing the syllabus for the breast rare disease using integrated multimodality of case-/problem-/resource-based learning(CBL+PBL+RBL).Methods By conducting bibliometrics co-occurrence analysis,we collected 6291 articles on breast rare disease published from January,1975 to June,2024.Additionally,we re-trieved the Textbook on Rare Diseases,the Catalog of Chinese Rare Disease,and Second Batch of Rare Dis-ease Catalog and then decided the teaching content.Results From 16,387 keywords,1000(6.1％)keywords were identified through co-occurrence analysis,including 50(0.3％)candidate diseases.These were classified into three categories:rare primary breast diseases,rare genetic mutation-related diseases associated with breast cancer,and rare systemic multi-system diseases involving the breast.From the candidate list,20(0.1％)rare primary breast diseases were further selected for their notable clinical teaching significance,and significant multi-systemic diseases affecting the breast,whether related to gene mutations or not.Teaching plans were draf-ted using a diversified parallel teaching approaches,taking into account the characteristics of different diseases and the focus of different teaching methods.Conclusions This study initiated the development of the teaching content for breast rare diseases and developed the teaching syllabus using the CBL+PBL+RBL integrated multi teaching model and targeting each rare breast disease for the critical point for teaching.

AIM:To investigate the impact and regulatory mechanisms of zinc finger protein 36-like protein 1(ZFP36L1)on pancreatic carcinoma cell growth.METHODS:The ZFP36L1 expression in pancreatic carcinoma and its correlation with patient prognosis were analyzed using online databases UALCAN and GEPIA.Western blot was utilized to detect ZFP36L1 protein expression in pancreatic ductal cells(HPNE)and three different pancreatic carcinoma cell lines.CCK-8 and cell colony formation assays were performed to evaluate the effects of ZFP36L1 on pancreatic cancer cell prolif-eration.Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess the impact of ZFP36L1 expression changes on pancreatic carcinoma cell migration and invasion.Flow cytometry experiments were used to analyze the effect of ZFP36L1 on the pan-creatic carcinoma cell cycle process.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict potential ZFP36L1 interacting pro-teins.Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were carried out to confirm the interaction between ZFP36L1 and mitogen-acti-vated protein kinase 14(MAPK14).Rescue experiments were performed to assess the function of MAPK14 in ZFP36L1-regulated pancreatic carcinoma cell growth.RESULTS:(1)ZFP36L1 is highly expressed in pancreatic carcinoma and is positively correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma patients.Compared to HPNE,ZFP36L1 is highly ex-pressed in MIA PaCa-2 and ASPC-1 cells,but relatively low in PANC-1 cells.(2)ZFP36L1 overexpression significantly increased the cell viability,colony formation,migration,and invasion abilities of PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells,while siRNA interference of ZFP36L1 led to opposite results.(3)ZFP36L1 promotes the entry of pancreatic carcinoma cells into the S phase of the cell cycle.(4)ZFP36L1 interacts with MAPK14 to regulate pancreatic cancer cell growth.MAPK14 overexpression reversed the cell viability and migration abilities of pancreatic carcinoma cells overexpressing ZFP36L1.Furthermore,it also decreased the cell viability and migration abilities of pancreatic carcinoma cells with ZFP36L1 inter-ference.CONCLUSION:ZFP36L1 is a potential oncogene in pancreatic carcinoma growth and may regulate pancreatic carcinoma cell growth through cell cycle modulation and interaction with MAPK14.

Objective:To investigate damaging effects of clomifene citrate(CC)on endometrial stromal cells(hEndoSCs),and to study effects of spermidine on autophagy and inflammatory cytokine expression in damaged endometrial stromal cells.Methods:Groups were firstly divided into control group,spermidine group,clomiphene group(CC group),CC+Spermidine group.MTT assay was used to detect cell survival rate of hEndoSCs after co-incubation with different concentrations of CC or Spermidine for 24 h.Con-tent of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)and level of apoptosis in cells of the 4 groups were detected by flow cytometry tech-nique.Western blot was used to detect expressions of autophagy pathway-related proteins ULK1,p-ULK1,LC-3Ⅱ,and apoptosis-re-lated proteins Bax,Bcl-2,Cleaved-caspase 3.RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α.Results:Compared with control group,CC group showed decreased cell survival,increased apoptosis rate,ROS content,Bax,Cleaved-cas-pase 3 expressions,decreased Bcl-2 expression,decreased levels of autophagy-related proteins p-ULK1 and LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,and elevated expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA(P<0.01).There was no significant changes viability of cells in spermidine group compared with control group(P>0.05).Compared with CC group,cell survival rate in CC+spermidine group was sig-nificantly increased,apoptosis rate,ROS content,Bax and Cleaved-caspase 3 expressions were decreased,Bcl-2 expression was in-creased,expressions of autophagy-related proteins p-ULK1 and LC-3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were elevated,while expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA were decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:CC can inhibit endometrial stromal cell proliferation,promote apoptosis,and increase the transcript levels of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α.Spermidine can reduce intracellular ROS in clomiphene-injured endometrial stromal cells by activating cellular autophagy,increase cell survival,and inhibit the expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α.

Vaccination is a main measure for protecting chickens against Marek's disease,while it is not able to suppress the infection,proliferation,transmission,and virulence enhancement on Marek's disease virus.Inhibiting the proliferation of Marek's disease virus in chicken is therefore an im-portant option for enhancing defense effectiveness.In this study,a compound,DUBs-IN-1,was found to inhibit the activity of MDV049,a protease encoded by Marek's disease virus,via screening a protease inhibitor library using MDV049 as target and ubiquitin probe.Molecular docking re-vealed that DUBs-IN-1 can interact with the residues which formed the catalytic pocket of MDV049,blocking the interaction between Ub substrate and the catalytic center of MDV049,then suppress the activity of MDV049 with competitive inhibition.Using the CPE model,it was found that DUBs-IN-1 at the concentration of 0.35 and 0.70 μmol/L significantly inhibited the CPE in-duced by Marek's disease virus in CEF cells.Quantitative analysis revealed that DUBs-IN-1 inhibi-ted the proliferation of Marek's disease virus in CEF cells(P＜0.01).Furthermore,it was found that the administration of 80 and 150 pg/(kg·d)of DUBs-IN-1 in chicken infected by Marek's disease virus significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDV in T cells(P＜0.01).In summary,this study demonstrated that the compound DUBs-IN-1 is able to inhibit the proliferation of Marek's disease virus in chicken cells,laying a theoretical and practical foundation for further de-velopment of the drugs against Marek's disease virus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether aldo-keto reductases(AKRs)can act as a nitrore-ductase(NR)and bioactivate aristolochic acid Ⅰ(AA-Ⅰ)to produce AA-Ⅰ-DNA adducts.METHODS① Human-induced hepatocytes(hiHeps)and human bladder RT4 cells were used as tool cells and treated with AA-Ⅰ0,0.5,1.0 and 2 μmol·L-1 for 24 h.Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 method,and the half maximal inhibition concentration(IC50)was calculated using the CCK-8 method and the level of DNA adduct production was calculated.②hiHeps and RT4 cells were treated with AKR inhibitor luteotin(0,5,10 and 25 μmol·L-1)+AA-Ⅰ 0.2 and 1.0 μmol·L-1 for 24 h,respectively,and the levels of DNA adducts were detected by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer(LC-MS/MS).③hiHeps cells were incubated with 80 nmol·L-1 small interfering RNAs(si-AKRs)for 48 h and treated with AA-Ⅰ1.0 μmol·L-1 for 24 h.Real-time qualitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the mRNA expression of AKRs gene and LC-MS/MS technology was used to investigate the effect of specific AKR gene knockdown on DNA adduct levels.④500 nmol·L-1 human AKR recombinant proteins AKR1A1 and AA-Ⅰwere incubated in vitro under anaerobic conditions and the formation of AA-Ⅰ-DNA adducts was detected.RESULTS ①The IC50 of AA-Ⅰto hiHeps and RT4 cells was 1.9 and 0.42 μmol·L-1,respec-tively.The level of DNA adduct production of the two cell lines was significantly different(P<0.01).② Luteolin≥5 μmol·L-1 significantly inhibited the production of AA-Ⅰ-DNA adducts in both cells(P<0.05),and there was a concentration-dependent effect in hiHeps cells(P<0.01,R=0.84).③In the AKR family,the knockdown of AKR1A1 gene up to 80%inhibited the generation of AA-Ⅰ-DNA adducts by 30%-40%.④The AA-Ⅰ-DNA adducts were detected in the incubation of recombinant protein AKR1A1 and AA-Ⅰ under anaerobic conditions in vitro,approximately 1 adduct per 107 nucleotides.CONCLU-SION AKR1A1 is involved in AA-Ⅰ bioactivation,providing a reference for elucidation of the carcino-genic mechanism of AA-Ⅰ.