Objective To screen the 12 mers-phage random peptide library using the serum from the new model rabbit and to identify the immuno-protection of the positive phages. The new model infected with Schistosoma japonicum was proved that has a high protection against the challenge infection. Methods After being absorbed by E.coli antibody, the serum of the new model rabbit was used to screen the peptide library. Through three rounds of biopaning and enriching, lots of positive phages were obtained and their antigenic ability was tested. Every mouse was immunized by subcutaneously injecting 1?10 14 pfu positive phages from the new model rabbit serum respectively at 0-2-4 th week. After 4 weeks of the last immunization, the challenge infection was performed. At the same time, several control groups including the group immunized with the phages from the rabbit serum of the normal model infected with Schistosoma japonicum, the group immunized with the original 12 mers-phage random peptide library and the control group of challenge infection were arranged. Results ①The positive clones of phage(1?10 14) from the new model rabbit serum were strongly recognized by the rabbit serum of the new model, weakly recognized by the rabbit serum of the normal model infected with Schistosoma japonicum,but not recognized by the serum of healthy rabbit. ②The reduction rate of adult worms and liver eggs induced by phages screened with the rabbit serum of the new model group and the nomal model group and that induced by the original peptide library were respectively 27 2% and 38 8 %, 17 8% and 35 0%, 4 5% and 6 0% Conclusion The new model group obtained a higher reduction rate of adult worms than the nomal model group (P

Objective To obtain the short peptides mimicking antigenic epitopes of Trichinella spiralis ( T\^s\^ ), and explore their cross protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum ( S\^j. ) in mice. Methods IgG antibodies were purified from sera of mice infected with T\^s\^ . The purified IgG was used to immunoscreen a phage random peptide library of 7 amino\|acid residues displayed as a fusion to protein of filamentous phage. Positive clones were obtained by affinity selection, the reactivity of each clone binding to specific IgG was detected by ELISA. Kunming mice were immunized subcutaneously three times with mixed phage clones. The mice were sacrificed 45 days after challenge. The worms and the liver eggs were counted. Results After three rounds of panning, the relevant phages had been enriched approximately 150 times in production as compared to those from the first round. Of 24 phage clones randomly selected from the third round biopanning, 21 clones were shown to actually bind to the specific IgG. As compared with the control group, the worm and the liver egg reduction rates in vaccination group were 42\^8% and 66\^3% ( P

0. 05) and the specificity is higher than that of the SEA-ELISA (P

ObjectiveTo explore the poss ib le mechanisms of killing effects of serum from Microtus fortis to Schistosoma japonicum schisto somula in vitro. MethodsSerum was separated into protein fraction and

0.05). Conclusion pcDNA3.1/SjTs-1 induced the mucosal and systemic immune response and partial protection against the challenge of S.japonicum by the intranasal vaccinations of mice.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the improving effect of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGCs) from Tibetan medicine Phlomis younghusbandii on rats with acute high-altitude cerebral edema. METHODS:60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normoxia control group (isometric sterile water for injection),a hypoxia model group (isometric sterile water for injection),a dexamethasone group(4 mg/kg),and three groups of PhGCs at high(400 mg/kg),middle(200 mg/kg)and low(50 mg/kg)dos-es,with 10 rats in each group. The rats were given drugs,ig,6 d before the establishment of models. On the 4th day of administra-tion,ig,the rats in all groups except the normoxia blank group were placed in a simulated 8 000 m altitude plateau environment for 72 h hypoxic exposure to establish the rat models of high-altitude cerebral edema. Following HE stain,the pathological changes in rats’brain tissues were observed under the light microscope. Dry-wet proportion method was used to determine the water con-tents in rats’brain. The content of MDA and the activities of SOD and GSH in rats’brain tissues were detected. Enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay was adopted to determine the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in rats’serum and brain tissues. RESULTS:Com-pared to the rats in the normoxia control group,those in the hypoxia model group showed obvious brain edema,and thickened lacu-nas around cells and vessels and inflammatory cell infiltration, higher water contents and MDA and weaker activities of SOD and GSH in brain,and higher contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and brain tissues. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared to the rats in the hypoxia model group,those in the groups of PhGCs at high,middleand low dosages demonstrated less inflammatory cell infiltration and lower water contents in brain tissues,in which the groups of PhGCs at high and middle dosages demonstrated lower content of MDA and stronger activities of SOD and GSH in brain tissues, and lower contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and brain tissues. There were statistically significances (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:PhGCs can obviously alleviate the acute cerebral injury in rats which is caused by acute hypoxia and has im-provement effect to some degree on the rats with acute high-altitude cerebral edema.

Objective To investigate the expression of MRP1/CD9 protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and its relationship to carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Methods The specimens of tissue microarray from 152 primary hepatocellular carcinomas with paracancerous liver tissue, 22 tumor emboli , 4 intrahepatic satellite metastases, 17 extrahepatic metastases ,and 5 normal livers, respectively, were constructed and used for detection of MRP1/CD9 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results Immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays demonstrated MRP1/CD9 protein expression in 27.0%(41/152)of the primary HCCs. The expression of MRP1/CD9 protein was higher in HCCs without cancer thrombi than in those with cancer thrombi (40.48%vs21.82%,P10cm, P20?g/L, P=0.029). Conclusions Loss of MRP1/CD9 protein expression may be associated with invasion and metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To study the difference of the cell proliferation activity and microvessel density (MVD) between hepatic benign and malignant lesions for further demonstrating the biological features of tumor. Methods: There were 290 specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 128 specimens of cirrhosis tissues and 25 specimens of hepatic benign lesions were detected for PCNA, Ki 67 and MVD by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray, respectively.Results: The expression level of PCNA and Ki 67 in HCC were 90.2% and 43.1%, which was obviously higher than that in cirrhosis (48.5% and 3.9%, P 0.05). MVD counting in HCC pathological grade Ⅰ Ⅱ(29.9?18.6) was higher than those in gradeⅢ (22.2? 18.2) and Ⅳ(22.9?19.0, P

OBJECTIVETo obtain peptide mimicking epitopes of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) through screening of a phage peptide library and to test their potential for induction of protection.

METHODSS. japonicum infected sera from Microtus fortis (IMFS) and normal sera from Microtus fortis (NMFS) were used respectively to screen a 12-mers random peptide library by testing the reactivity of anti-S. japonicum serum with the phagotopes. After three rounds of biopanning, the pooled phages were used to immunize mice, after which challenge infection was performed.

RESULTSOf 12 randomly picked clones, 10 clones selected using IMFS and 7 clones selected using NMFS were shown to be antigenic. Significant reduction in adult worms (22.6%) and a high reduction (68.9%) in liver eggs were achieved following immunization with phages screened with IMFS. However, no protection was elicited by those selected with NMFS.

CONCLUSIONThe results show that the phagotopes are both antigenic and immunogenic, suggesting a potential use of phage displayed peptide as novel vaccines against S. japonicum.

Animals ; Arvicolinae ; parasitology ; Epitopes ; Helminth Proteins ; immunology ; Peptide Library ; Schistosoma japonicum ; immunology ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; prevention & control ; Vaccines ; immunology

Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016 pM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD deter-mined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quan-tum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)path-ways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.