Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and insensitive to almost all clinical cancer therapies.Apoptosis,necrosis,autophagy,senescence and mitotic catastrophe,all of these different manners constitute cell death way.Chemotherapy induces cell death at last by the signal pathway of apoptosis,so the reason for treatment failure of melanoma is the establishment of the mechanism of apoptotic resistance in melanoma cells.This article reviews the death style of melanoma cells and the progress of targeting small molecule drug therapy for malignant melanoma.

Objective To study and analyze the development velocity of impaired glucose regulation (IGR)and its influencing factors for nursing interventions to prevent the development of IGR to type 2 diabetes.Methods 155 cases of type 2 diabetes patients of more than one year duration participated in questionnaire survey.According to the length of IGR duration,the sample was divided into rapid,medium and slow velocity groups which were compared by questionnaire on IGR groups of the influencing factors.Results 91.6％ IGR patients had family history of diabetes; the rate of cognition in slow group was higher than the others.Overweight and obesity rate in rapid group were 61.7％ and 17.0％,higher than the other two groups.The main diet structure was subsistence mode in medium and slow velocity group;movement and occasional movement ratio in rapid velocity was low.The excellent sleep quality rate in medium velocity group was higher than the other two groups.Conclusions Family history of type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders are the important factors influencing the program duration in patients with IGR.Diet habits and exercise can directly affect the metabolic state.More nursing assessment,intervention and reasonable supervision should be given to the rapid velocity group in order to slow down the development velocity to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the sorts of biomedical fibers, collagenous fibers, chitin fibers polyactic acid(PLA) fibers, etc. , and their preparation,properties and application respectively, and suggest China to pay attention to the research and development of biomedical fiber.DATA SOURCES: Literatures from January 1993 to December 2001 were computer-searched in http://www.sciencedirect.com, http://worldscinet.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn, with the key words of "biomedical and polymer,fibre" and the language was limited to English.: Literatures from January 1999 to December 2004 were computer-searched in http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn,with the key words of "Biological, medical, polymer and Chitin Fibers" and the language was limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria: ①Chitin fibers②Collagenous fibers and PLA fibers③Alginic acid fibers④Polyglycolide fibers⑤β-hy droxybutanoic acid ester (PHB)⑥Polycaprolactone fiber. Exclusion criteria:① Obsolete literatures. ② Repeated study. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 60 tests on biomedical fiber were collected, but only 15 literatures met the inclusion criteria. Altogether 45 literatures were excluded due to older and repeated study.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①The sorts of biomedical fibers: Classified according to the sources, biomedical fibers include metal ones (e.g. stainless steel wire), inorganic and nonmetal ones (e.g. alumina fibers) and macromolecular ones. Classified according to the interaction between living tissues and materials, they include bioinert fibers, bioactive fibers and bioabsobable fibers. Classified according to biomedical use, they include biomedical fibers compatible with hard tissues, biomedical fibers compatible with parenchyma, biomedical fibers compatible with blood and biomedical fibers used as medicine or for regulating the release of medicine ②The main biodegradable fibers include chitin fibers, collagenous fibers, PLA fibers and their copolymer fibers.CONCLUSION: As one of the important functional fibers, the biomedical fibers attract wide attention both at home and abroad. The research and development about them are still on the way and has shown hopeful prospective of application. Much attention should be paid on the research and development of biomechanical fibres.

Plague was classified as a natural focus disease,occurred in remote areas of tratfic block in the past.But with the development of society and economy,plague of long distance transmission risk is growing in the source regions and densely populated areas.In order to effectively prevent and control the spread of plague outbreaks are occurring,and long distance transmission spread in Qinghai Province,and adhere to the implementation of the long-distance transmission of plague prevention and control strategies,avoid threats and reduced long distance spread of plague.

Objective To study the loss of imprinting(LOI) of insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF2) and H19 genes in cervical carcinomas.Methods Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method was used on DNA samples extracted from 40 cases of cervical carcinoma and 20 cases of normal control tissues to detect the heterozygosity of IGF2 and H19 genes.The LOI of IGF2 and H19 genes was detected by RT-PCR.Results The heterozygous frequency of IGF2 was 52% in cervical cancer samples.Comparatively,in 20 matched normal samples,13 cases showed the heterozygosity(65%).The biallelic expression of IGF2 was detected in 10 cases among the 21 informative cervical cancer samples(47.6%),however,1 case in 13 heterozygous samples of control group(7.7%)((P0.05).Conclusion LOI and LOH of IGF-2 and H19 genes are involved in cervical carcinomas.LOI of IGF2 and H19 may be involved in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of naturally occurring short non-coding small molecular RNA,which regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level through its sequence complementation with target mRNAs.Researches have shown that different malignant tumors,including diffuse large B cell lymphoma,have specific miRNA expression profiles.Therefore,miRNAs expression level of specimens of body fluids and tissues is expected to be the new indicator for assessing diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Objective To examine the expression variation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2)in peripheral blood monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)and explore its role in pathogenesis of RA.Methods Mean fluorescence intensity of TLR 2 expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes were detected by flow cytometry and independent samples t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results Mean fluorescence intensity of TLR 2 expression on the surface of peripheral blood CD14+ CD45+ cell of RA patients was 357.68±86.97,while in normal control it was 223.71±87.70.It indicates that the expression of TLR 2 on peripheral blood monocytes in patients with active disease was higher than in normal indi-viduals (t=5.478,P=0.005,P<0.01).Conclusion Increase of the TLR 2 expression on peripheral blood monocytes in patients with active disease suggests its import role in pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To investigate the effects of remifentanil on NF-κB activity in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Fifty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each): sham operation group (group S); group I/R; low dose of remifentanil group (group L); median dose of remifentanil group (group M); high dose of remifentanil group (group H). In group I/R, L,M and H, myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group S and I/R,10 min before ischemia,normal saline was infused at 5 ml·l·h-1 via the external jugular vein until the end of 120 min reperfusion. In group L, M and H, remifentanil was infused at 1, 5 and 10ug·kg·min-1 respectively 10 min before ischemia until the end of 120 min reperfusion,and the other procedures were the same as those in group I/R. The myocardial tissues were taken at the end of 120 min reperfusion for determination of NF-κB expression which was used to reflect the activity of NF-κB and microscopic examination. Results The activity of NF-κB was significantly higher in group I/R, L, M and H than in group S. The activity of NF-κB was gradually decreased with the increase in the dose of remifentanil in group L, M and H compared with group I/R. The microscopic examination showed that remifentanil significantly attenuated I/R-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Infusion of remifentanil reduces myocardial I/R injury through decreasing the activity of NF-κB in a doee-dependent manner.

In terms of performance of piezoelectric micro pump, this paper explores the piezoelectric ceramic plate in different wave driven micro pump flow rate. The conclusion is that the square wave voltage gets the biggest micro pump velocity. The velocity and pressure of the micro pump is almost linear relationship, and having nothing to do with the different inner diameter pipes. The piezoelectric micro pump's stability is not good and exists attenuation.
Ceramics ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; Insulin Infusion Systems

Objective To study the relationship between fetal growth retardation(FGR) and expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 and H19 imprinted genes.Methods Immunoradioassay was used to detect the insulin-like growth factor-2(IGF2)level in cord blood from 42 pregnant women with FGR(FGR group) and 30 normal pregnant women(normal group).Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method(RT-PCR) was used to detect H19 imprinted genes allele-specific expression level in placenta.Results The level of IGF2 in cord blood from FGR group was(1.52?0.20)?g/L.It was significantly decreased as compared with that from the normal group(1.97?0.21)?g/L(P