OBJECTIVE: To introduce the sorts of biomedical fibers, collagenous fibers, chitin fibers polyactic acid(PLA) fibers, etc. , and their preparation,properties and application respectively, and suggest China to pay attention to the research and development of biomedical fiber.DATA SOURCES: Literatures from January 1993 to December 2001 were computer-searched in http://www.sciencedirect.com, http://worldscinet.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn, with the key words of "biomedical and polymer,fibre" and the language was limited to English.: Literatures from January 1999 to December 2004 were computer-searched in http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn,with the key words of "Biological, medical, polymer and Chitin Fibers" and the language was limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria: ①Chitin fibers②Collagenous fibers and PLA fibers③Alginic acid fibers④Polyglycolide fibers⑤β-hy droxybutanoic acid ester (PHB)⑥Polycaprolactone fiber. Exclusion criteria:① Obsolete literatures. ② Repeated study. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 60 tests on biomedical fiber were collected, but only 15 literatures met the inclusion criteria. Altogether 45 literatures were excluded due to older and repeated study.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①The sorts of biomedical fibers: Classified according to the sources, biomedical fibers include metal ones (e.g. stainless steel wire), inorganic and nonmetal ones (e.g. alumina fibers) and macromolecular ones. Classified according to the interaction between living tissues and materials, they include bioinert fibers, bioactive fibers and bioabsobable fibers. Classified according to biomedical use, they include biomedical fibers compatible with hard tissues, biomedical fibers compatible with parenchyma, biomedical fibers compatible with blood and biomedical fibers used as medicine or for regulating the release of medicine ②The main biodegradable fibers include chitin fibers, collagenous fibers, PLA fibers and their copolymer fibers.CONCLUSION: As one of the important functional fibers, the biomedical fibers attract wide attention both at home and abroad. The research and development about them are still on the way and has shown hopeful prospective of application. Much attention should be paid on the research and development of biomechanical fibres.

Objective Cardiac HERG potassium channel currents can cause long QT syndrome .The function of the cardiac HERG potassium channel is regulated by tyrosine kinase and phosphatase , and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 ( PTPN11) negatively regulates the HERG potassium channel .This study aimed to investigate the effect of PTPN 11 on the electrophysio-logical characteristics of the HERG channel . Methods The plasmids of pcDNA3.1-PTPN11-EGFP were constructed by PCR technique and transfected or cotransfected with the pcDNA 3.1-PTPN11-EGFP plasmid into HEK293 cells using Lipofectamine 2000.The patch clamp technique was employed to record the HERG channel currents in the control group ( HEK293 cells transfected with pcDNA3.0-HERG-EGFP), PTPN11 overexpression group (pcDNA3.0-HERG and pcDNA3.1-PTPN6-EGFP cotransfected HEK293 cells), and PTPN11 overexpression with PAO group . Results The pcDNA3.1-PTPN11-EGFP plasmid was successfully constructed .Green fluorescence was observed in the HEK293 cells transfected with pcDNA3.0-HERG-EG-FP or cotransfected with pcDNA3.0-HERG and pcDNA3.1-PTPN11.The maximum densities of pulse and tail currents were significantly decreased in the PTPN11 overexpression group as compared with the control ([31.85 ±5.54] vs [45.92 ±3.18] pApF, P<0.05;[73.82 ±11.31] vs [108.43 ±7.98] pApF, P<0.05) but markedly in-creased in the PTPN11 overexpression with PAO group ([48.08 ±4.32] pApF;[120.06 ±8.02] pApF) (P<0.05).The time con-stant of deactivation was significantly higher in the PTPN 11 overexpression group than in the control ([622.16 ±46.49] vs [440.70 ± 49.49] ms, P<0.05). Conclusion The overexpression of PTPN11 decreases HERG potassium channel currents , which can be re-versed by PAO.This finding provides a theoretical basis for the application of certain regulatory enzymes in the HERG channel as a treat -ment of long QT syndrome .

With the understanding of tumor metabolism, the process and mechanism of tumor metabolic reprogramming gradually attracted much attention in recent years.Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are constantly changing the pathway and flux of tumor metabolism in tumorigenesis to meet the needs of tumor growth and proliferation.The role of c-MYC, TP53, HIF-1αas well as the related signal pathways in tumor metabolic reprogramming would be discussed.

Objective To enhance patients' abilities in self-management. Methods We used the nursing project method to analyze reasons and develop standard process of follow-up management and health education. A retro-spective analysis of 84 patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD was performed by nursing project method. This analysis compared the changes after the intervention program,including the ability of self-management,follow-up,medication and diet compliance,and the control rate of physiological indicators. Results By comparison with the intervention before and after,there were significant improvements in each dimension of self-management ability (P<0.001),follow-up, medication and diet compliance were significantly improved(P<0.05),and there were significant improvements in the control rate of systolic pressure and blood uric acid(P<0.001),the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The application of nursing project can improve self-management ability,the compliance of follow-up,medication and diet as well as physiological indicators in patients with stage 3 to 4 CKD.

Objective To study the effectsof rehabilitative training on neural function and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) in rats after traumatic brain injury.Methods A left hemisphere traumatic brain injury model was established in ninety Sprague-Dawley rats.They were then randomly divided into a rehabilitation training group,an immobilization group and a free-running group,with 30 rats in each group.Another thirty rats received sham injury as the shamoperated group.Beginning 4 days post-operation the rats of the rehabilitation training group were given balancing,rotating and walking exercises three times daily,15 min/time,6 d/week.The immobilization group was fixed in mesh cages.The rats of the free-running and sham-operated groups were reared in normal cages without any special training exercise.The rats of all 4 groups were given neural and motor function tests to assess the functional outcome.Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the expressions of GFAP (the marker of astrocytes) and Iba-1 (the marker of microglia) in the cortex close to the iujured region at 3 days,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks after injury.Results The average neural and motor function test scores in the rehabilitation training group were significantly better than those in the immobilization and free-running groups at the 2nd week and thereafter.The average scores in the free-running group were significantly better than those in the immobilization group at the 4th week after injury.The immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of GFAP was lowest in the rehabilitation group at the 2nd week and thereafter.Iba-1 expression was significantly lower only at the 3rd week and beyond.Conclusion Rehabilitative training can improve nerve function recovery in rats after traumatic brain injury,and the functional enhancement may be partially attributed to the downregulation of activated astrocytes and microglia.

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect of interferon-?(IFN-?) gene therapy on colon cancer. Methods BALB/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously with CT26 (murine colon carcinoma cell line) cells to prepare an in vivo tumor model. Eight days after tumor inoculation,the tumor-bearing mice were divided into 3 groups and injected intra-tumorally with one of the following preparations: pcDNA3-IFN-?/Lipofectamine,pcDNA3 /Lipofectamine,and PBS respectively. The expression of IFN-?,the immunity function of mice,the histological changes of the tumor,the tumor volume in tumor-bearing mice were tested after gene therapy. ResultsThe level of IFN-? in the serum and the CTL activity increased significantly( P

Objective:To explore the application of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in low-energy X-ray intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), analyze its potential risks in IORT, and preliminarily explore the feasibility of FMEA in optimizing IORT management and reducing the occurrence of potential risks.Methods:An FMEA working group was established by the IORT team (1 radiologist, 1 radiology physicist, 2 surgeons, and 2 nurses) to apply the FMEA methodology to conduct a systematic risk assessment. The process modules were established, the potential failure modes and causes for each module were analyzed, the severity (SR), frequency of occurrence (OR) and likelihood of detection (DR) of failure modes were scored and the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated: RPN= SR × OR × DR. The possible errors and potential clinical impact of each part of the radiotherapy process were prospectively analyzed and understood, the causes and current measures were analyzed for each failure mode and preventive measures were proposed and risk management measures were taken accordingly.Results:The IORT process was divided into 8 modules with 14 failure modes. The highest OR value was unsatisfactory target area confirmation (7 points), the highest SR value was equipment failure to discharge the beam (10 points), the highest DR value was wrong key entry after dose calculation (7 points), the highest RPN values were unsatisfactory target area confirmation (210 points) and ineffective protection of endangered organs (180 points). Weaknesses were corrected according to priorities, workflows were optimized and more effective management methods were developed.Conclusion:FMEA is an effective method of IORT management and contributes to reducing the occurrence of potential risks.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) in regulating cardiac HERG channel currents.

METHODSThe plasmids pcDNA3.1-PTPN12-RFP and herg mutant constructed by PCR technique were transfected into HEK293 cells via Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells stably expressing PTPN12 selected with G418 were identified by Western blotting with anti-PTPN12 antibody. HERG channel current in cells expressing HERG alone (HEK293/HERG cells), cells overexpressing PTPN12 (HEK293/HERG cells transfected with pCDNA3.1-PTPN12-RFP), PAO-treated cells (PTPN12/HERG cells treated with PAO), and herg mutant cells (HEK293/HERGY327A-Y700A-Y845A cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-PTPN12-RFP) were recorded by patch-clamp technique.

RESULTSThe plasmids pcDNA3.1-PTPN12-RFP and herg mutant were successfully constructed, and the stable expressing cell lines were established. Red fluorescence was obversed in HEK293/HERG cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-PTPN12-RFP, and the protein expression of PTPN12 was detected. Overexpression of PTPN12 significantly decreased HERG current density in HEK293/HERG cells, and this change was significantly weakened in the inhibitor group and herg mutant group.

CONCLUSIONPTPN12 negatively regulates cardiac HERG channel cerrent possibly by decreasing the phosphorylation level of HERG tyrosine residues. This finding provides further insight into the regulatory mechanism of HERG channel and the pathogenesis of long QT syndrome.

Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; physiology ; HEK293 Cells ; Heart ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12 ; physiology ; Transfection

Objective To compare the coding sequences (CDS) of Yersinia pestis D106004 strain from Yulong County in Yunnan Province and Z176003 strain from Qing-Tibet Plateau in order to find the differences between their genomes and the genetic characteristics. Methods The CDS of Yersinia pestis D106004 strain and Z176003 strain were searched and compared by BLAST. Twenty-two differential CDS were selected to design 22 pairs of primers. PCR amplification was carried out in 119 representative plague strains from different isolation sources (natural foci of Himalayan marmot plague in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, natural foci of Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus plague in Yunnan), time span of about 50 years, and distribution in six ecological types including Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan, and PCR products were sequenced and verified. The strains were all from the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results In 119 representative plague strains of 6 ecological types, the cumulative sequence length of 22 differential CDS PCR amplification products was 2.13 × 106 bp. Among the 119 representative plague strains in the foci of Yulong D106004 strain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Z176003 strain, 22 differential CDS had high homology, there was no difference in 78.2％ (2047/2618) sequences of differential CDS, and 21.8％ (571/2618) sequences had three types of gene mutations ( deletion , missense and frameshift mutations). The characteristics of the differences were stable in the 6 ecological plague strains of the foci, and they were divided into 6 geographical distributions. Conclusion Yulong D106004 strain and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Z176003 strain have high homology, close genetic relationship, and little difference in genome, but the genetic characteristics of different ecotype strains are stable.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of incident hypertension among population in rural areas of China. Methods: The Community Intervention of Metabolic Syndrome in China & Chinese Family Health Study (CIMIC) was conducted in 2007-2008. Data on PA, smoking, drinking, blood pressure and other variables were obtained at baseline. Then the follow-up study of incident hypertension was performed during 2012-2015. A total of 41 457 participants aged ≥18 years and free from hypertension at baseline were included in the final analyses. PA was calculated as metabolic equivalent (MET) for each participant. Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the relationship of PA with incident hypertension according to the quartiles of PA. Results: A total of 6 780 participants developed hypertension during an average follow up of 5.8 years. The annual incidence of hypertension was 2.80%. Compared to participants in the first quartile of PA, HR (95%CI) of incident hypertension decreased with the level of PA of 0.92 (0.86, 0.99), 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) and 0.70 (0.65, 0.75) for the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th quartile, respectively (P_trend<0.001). In subgroup analyses, compared to the first quartile, hazards of hypertension among normotensive participants (systolic blood pressure less than 120 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mm Hg) in the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th quartile were 0.82 (0.70, 0.95), 0.73 (0.63, 0.85) and 0.78 (0.67, 0.90), respectively (P_trend=0.002). Among participants with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure from 120 to 139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure from 80 to 89 mmHg), similar trend for the relationship of PA and incident hypertension was also found with HR (95%CI) of 0.94 (0.87, 1.01), 0.71 (0.65, 0.77) and 0.66 (0.61, 0.71) for the 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th quartile, respectively (P_trend<0.001). Conclusion There was linear trend association between PA and incident hypertension. Increased PA in daily life may be a protective factor against hypertension.