Objective To detect the clinical factors related with liver metastasis in young patients with rectal cancer.Methods Three hundred and fifty young patients with rectal cancer were collected to set up the database.Single and multi-factor Logistic regression was applied to indicate the independent factors relating to liver metastasis.The regression equation to predict probability of liver metastasis from rectal cancer was established.Results Liver metastasis was 120 cases (34.3%).Single-factor analysis revealed that patho-organization type,pathologytype,infiltration extent,blood vessel invasion (BVI),TNM stage,operation character,the preoperative level of carcino-embryonic antigen,histology grading were related with liver metastasis.Multi-factor analysis revealed that only BVI (P=0.001),TNM stage (P=0.001),pathoorganization type (P=0.005),the preoperative level of CEA (P=0.008) and operation character (P=0.032) were independent factors to predict probability of liver metastasis.Conclusions Rectal cancer of young patients who being with BVI,advanced phase,high preoperative level of CEA,radical operation or poor differentiation degree,are apt to develop liver metastasis.They should be given further individualized intensive adjuvant treatment.

Currently,human health due to corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been seriously threatened.The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike(S)protein plays a crucial role in virus transmission and several S-based therapeutic approaches have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19.However,the efficacy is compromised by the SARS-CoV-2 evolvement and mutation.Here we report the SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain(RBD)inhibitor licorice-saponin A3(A3)could widely inhibit RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants,including Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,XBB and BQ1.1.Furthermore,A3 could potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus in Vero E6 cells,with EC50 of 1.016 pM.The mechanism was related to binding with Y453 of RBD deter-mined by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry(HDX-MS)analysis combined with quan-tum mechanics/molecular mechanics(QM/MM)simulations.Interestingly,phosphoproteomics analysis and multi fluorescent immunohistochemistry(mIHC)respectively indicated that A3 also inhibits host inflammation by directly modulating the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)path-ways and rebalancing the corresponding immune dysregulation.This work supports A3 as a promising broad-spectrum small molecule drug candidate for COVID-19.