Objective To evaluate prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence(UI)among aged women living at nursing homes in Beijing,and provide references of relative health strategy.Methods Totally 642 women aged 60 years and over were randomly selected at nursing homes from 6 districts in Beijing.A questionnaire survey was conducted using International Consultationon Incontinence Questionnaire Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Module (ICIQFLUTS) recommended by International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI).Results The prevalence rate of UI was 38.0％ (244/642) among whom 38.5％ (94/244) of participants knew their health conditions,7.8％ (19/244) visited hospital and 6.6％ (16/244) received medical or operational treatment.The proportions of respiratory disease ( 27.0 ％ vs.14.6％),digestive disease (23.4％vs.15.3％),urological disease(24.6％vs.8.5％),cardio-cerebralvascular disease(74.2％ vs.53.5％),neurological disease ( 9.4 ％ vs.5.0％),obstetric disease ( 27.5％ vs.10.1％),menstrual disorder (21.4％vs.14.4％),getting married before aged 21 years (51.5％vs.40.8％),being pregnant more than 4 times(50.2％vs.40.9％),the experience of both cesarean and natural birth (4.0％vs.0.8％),constipation(40.2％ vs.29.4％),fecal incontinence ( 13.1％ vs.4.0％),uneasy movement ( 22.5％vs.10.6％) and drinking (8.6％vs.3.5％) were higher in women with UI than in women without UI (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Eight risk factors that were entered into logistic regression model included getting married before 21 years old (OR =1.5,95 ％ CI:1.0-2.3,P＜0.05),being pregnant more than 4 times(OR=1.7,95％CI:1.1-2.4,P＜0.05),menstrual disorder(OR=1.7,95％CI:1.0-2.7,P＜0.05),respiratory disease(OR=1.6,95 ％CI:1.0-2.6,P＜0.05),urological disease(OR=2.4,95 ％CI:1.4-4.1,P＜ 0.01 ),cardio-cerebralvascular disease ( OR =2.0,95 ％ CI:1.3-3.0,P ＜ 0.01 ),obstetric disease(OR=3.4,95％CI:2.0-5.6,P＜0.01),moving uneasily(OR=2.5,95％CI:1.5-4.0,P＜0.01).Conclusions UI is a common disease among women residing at nursing homes.Specific measures including intervention and clinical treatment targeting risk factors should be conducted.

Objective To investigate quality of life and its influencing factors among elderly women with urinary incontinence(UI) living at nursing homes in Beijing. Method A randomized method was used to select six districts in Beijing. All the nursing homes in these 6 districts were included in our study,642 eligible elderly women participated in the survey. Quality of life of 244 women who were identified with different type UI were assessed. Bivariate analysis and multiple analysis were performed. Results The average score of quality of life was 8.5 ± 6.6. Scores of social embarrassment, activity & limiting behavior, psychosocial impacts were 1.8 ± 1.4,4.0 ± 3.5 and 3.3 ± 2.7 respectively. In bivariate analysis, significant differences were found by type of UI, severity of UI,course of UI, health condition, income level and self-care ability. In multiple analysis after adjustment of other variables, UI course≥5 years and inability to take care of herself were risk factors of quality of life.Conclusion Quality of life of elderly women with UI is poor, specific nursing and treatment should be conducted.

Objective RNA interference refers to post-transcriptional gene silencing caused by double strands RNA.To investigate the effect of EGFR receptor on esophageal carcinoma,the expression vector of HER4 gene targeted small interfering RNA was constructed to observe its silencing effect in human esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca-109,in order to find a promising method for the gene therapy of this disease.Methods Two complementary oligo DNA strands targeting HER4 gene were designed and synthesized according to the principles of designing siRNA.After annealing,oligo DNAs were inserted into SUPER.neo+gfp vector,then enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing were applied.After transfecting it into human esophageal carcinoma cell line,we detected the level of expression of HER4 gene through real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot.Results The enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing show that HER4 gene targeted small interfering RNA and its expression vector were constructed successfully,and after transfection,the expression of HER4 gene in esophageal carcinoma cell line was suppressed greatly.Conclusion HER4 gene targeted small interfering RNA and its expression vector were constructed successfully,and could decrease the expression of HER4 gene in Eca-109 cell line,which laid the foundation for the following experiment.

Objective To investigate prevalence and risk factors of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) among adult women in Beijing.Methods Multiple-stage stratified sampling was used to recruit women equal to and more than 20 years old from 48 communities ( villages and neighborhoods ) in six districts of Beijing,by household interview with a standardized questionnaire to collect information of demographic characteristics,delivery history,health conditions and UUI related clinical data.Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 16.0.Results Totally,3058 adult women completed the survey,with an overall prevalence of UUI of 1.7 % (52/3058).Distribution of age,cultural background,family income,number of pregnancy,number of abortion,delivery history,history of chronic diseases,general surgery,pelvic surgery,abdominal pain and abdominal distension were found significantly different between UUI participants and non-UUI ones with univariate analysis ( all P ＜ 0.05 ).Results of multivariate logistic regress analysis showed that number of pregnancy ( OR = 1.29,95% CI = 1.06-1.58 ),history of chronic diseases ( OR = 2.53,95% CI = 1.38-4.62 ) and history of abdominal pain ( OR = 2.32,95%CI= 1.10 -4.91 ) all significantly associated with UUI.Conclusions UUI associates with complicated factors and its prevention and intervention at communities is necessary targeting at related factors.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of fecal incontinence (FI) among adult women in Beijing area, and to analysis risk factors associated with FI. Methods A stratified multiple-cluster systemic method was used to recruit women ≥ 20 years old in 6 districts of Beijing. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information about Fl and possible risk factors. Results There were three thousand and 58 women participated in the survey, the average age was (48 ± 16 ) years (range 20 -79 years). The prevalence of FI was 1.28% ( 39/3058 ), which was related to age. There were five factors entered the logistic regress model, which were included age ≥40 years old ( OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.7 -6. 8), urinary incontinence ( OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.5 - 6. 1 ), vaginal delivery ( OR = 2.4, 95% CI:1.2 -4. 9), household per capita income ≤2000 RMB per month ( OR = 3. 3, 95 % CI: 1.6 - 6. 5 ), and feeling fatigue ( OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.5 - 5.8). Conclusion Prevalence of FI is low among adult women in Beijing area, while risk factors associated with Fl are complicated and further studies are necessary to be conducted.

Objective:To investigate the influence and mechanism of Portulaca extracts on Tumor Necrosis Factor -α(TNF-α), Interleukin-4(IL-4) in skins of rats with atopic eczema (AE).Methods:40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group , model group,Cortex Phellodendri group and Porulaca group.2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was used on the right back of rat for making atopic eczema.21 days later , all animals were sacrificed , compared the weight of the same size of the eczema and healthy skin.The levels of TNF-αand IL-4 in rats skins were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results:The right back of rats in model group appeared obvious erythema ,erosion and leakage ,which meant the modeling succeeded.Compared with model group ,the swelling degree of Cortex Phellodendri group and Purslane group were significantly decreased ( P<0.01 ) ,compared with Cortex Phellodendri group ,the swelling degree of Purslane group were less than them ( P<0.05 ).The levels of TNF-α, in rats skins of normal control group , model group,Cortex Phellodendri group and Portulaca group were (6 652.66±1 190.94 ),(19 927.10±5 494.21 ), (7 515.13±877.66 ), (6 809.93±1 385.54).The levels of IL-4 were (5 378.44±1 685.01),(26 334.89±3 993.48),(7 814.84±1 751.38),(8 246.57± 975.08 ).Compared with model group ,the levels of TNF-α,IL-4 in rats skins of Cortex Phellodendri group and Purslane group were sig-nificantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with positive drug group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-4 in rats skins of Purslane group were a little decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Purslane extracts has effect to treat atopic eczema ,its possible mechanism is by erducing the proinflammatory factor ,and moderating the anti-inflammatory factor and the ratio between them.

Objective To discuss different effects of low frequency sound waves of different timbres on microcirculation and transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure of Weizhong (BL40) of healthy people;To study the mechanism of somatosensory music therapy. Methods The same frequency (98.00 Hz), different timbres (sounds of guqin, flute, ocarina, bell, and drum were simulated) low frequency sound waves were played near Weizhong acupoint of 30 healthy persons. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to analyze microcirculation and the changes of transcutaneous oxygen pressure of meridian acupoints, when each timbre was played for 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 s. Results Sound waves of bell, drum, and flute made point microcirculation and transcutaneous oxygen pressure gradually increase, and the influence of drum>bell>flute;timbre waves of ocarina and guqin made the point microcirculation and transcutaneous oxygen pressure decrease gradually decrease, and the decrease of ocarina was more significant than that of guqin. In the same time point, sound waves of bell made point microcirculation and transcutaneous oxygen pressure increase more than the other sound waves (P<0.01). Conclusion Low frequency sounds of different timbres belong to different properties of five elements. They have different components in frequency spectrum, and can create different effects on acupoints.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-frequency sound waves (16~160 Hz) of somatosensory music on healthy people’s microcirculation in kidney and bladder meridians;To discuss the collateral channels biophysical mechanisms in somatosensory music treatment. Methods Low-frequency sound waves of somatosensory music were played near the 30 healthy people’s kidney and bladder meridians orderly. At the same time, Laser Doppler Flowmetry was used to analyze microcirculation in meridian acupoints.Results The low-frequency acoustic waves with different frequencies had significantly different effects on kidney and bladder meridians. The effects of the same frequency on different acupoints of the same meridian were similar. The G1 (49.00 Hz) showed the most significant effects on the kidney meridian (P<0.01);G2 (98.00 Hz) showed the most significant impact on bladder meridian (P<0.01).Conclusion The kidney and bladder meridians have selective absorption characteristics to the low-frequency sound waves of different frequencies. Specific frequency sound waves can cause resonance in kidney and bladder meridians.

Objective:Carcinoma of bladder is the most common malignancy in the urinary system in China.Most patients with this disease had non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)at the time of diagnosis.Radical cystectomy was indicated for patients with high risk or refractory NMIBC.We aimed to investigate the overall survival and disease-specific survival and related influence factors in patients un-dergoing radical cystectomy for pathological non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Methods:From Jan. 2006 to Dec.2012,a total of 164 patients with pathological non-muscle invasive bladder cancer under-went radical cystectomy in Peking University First Hospital.Clinical data were retrospectively collected. Incidence of lymph node metastasis and disease recurrence were calculated.The risk factors of disease re-currence were analyzed.Kaplan-Meier plots were used to estimate the overall survival and cancer-specific survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors for survival.Re-sults:Of all the patients included,159 had T1 disease,and 5 had CIS only.The median follow-up dura-tion was 46.5 months (range:7 -99 months).Fourteen patients were lost during the follow-up.Lymph node metastasis was noted in 6 patients (3.7%),4 patients had N1 disease,one patient had N2 di-sease,and one patient had N3 disease.Disease recurrence occurred in 16 patients (9.8%).The most common recurrence sites were the liver,bones,and lungs.The 5-year overall survival and disease-spe-cific survival for all the patients were 85% and 91%,respectively.The patients who underwent pelvic lymph node dissection showed a better prognosis in terms of disease-specific survival than those without (P =0.012).Patients with recurrence harbored a significant poorer survival (P <0.001).According to univariate Cox regression analysis,whether lymph node dissection was performed was an independent risk factor of disease recurrence (P =0.050,OR =2.695,95%CI 0.999 -7.271).In COX regression mo-del,age (P =0.008,OR =1.071,95%CI 1.018 -1.126)and whether lymph node dissection was performed (P =0.011,OR =3.385,95%CI 1.329 -8.621)were related to disease-specific survival. Conclusion:Patients with pathological non-muscle invasive bladder cancer underwent early radical cys-tectomy have a favorable prognosis,and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is essential for this proce-dure as it gains a survival benefit for the patients.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize 3, 5, 4' -trimethoxystilbene (TMS) by methylation of resveratrol (Res), a natural compound extracted from polygonum cuspidatum, to identify the chemical structure of TMS, to test its pharmacokinetics, and to determine the effects of TMS on the growth inhibition and apoptosis in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). METHODS: The chemical structure of TMS was analyzed by UV- and IR- absorption spectrometry, (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. We measured the bioavailability, the characteristics of intestinal absorption, and the distribution of TMS in body and excretions of SD rats after oral administration of TMS. The acute toxicity of TMS in mice was tested. PASMCs were prepared from pulmonary artery of SD rats. The PASMCs were divided into 8 groups. Group of A (control) was cultured without TNF-α, TMS, or Res. Group of B (TNF-α) was cultured with 100 pg/mL TNF-α. Groups of C-E (low-high concentrations of TMS) were cultured with 100 pg/mL TNF-α and 5, 10, 20 μmol/L TMS, respectively. Groups of F-H (low-high concentrations of Res) were cultured with 100 pg/mL TNF-α and 50, 100, 200 μmol/L Res, respectively. The proliferation of PASMCs after treatment was determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis of PASMCs after treatment was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The UV absorption map of TMS showed λmax(MeOH) at 318, 306.2, and 217.8 nm. Analysis of infrared spectrum of TMS showed IRvKBr max /cm at 2999, 2935, 2836, 1591, 1511 and 1456/cm. The (1)H-NMR map showed that the synthetic product contained three hydroxy groups, while (13)C-NMR map showed 17 carbon signals and some symmetrical structural fragments. Electospray ionization mass spectrometry of the productshowed m/z peaks corresponded to 271[M+H](+), 256[M+H-CH(3)](+) and 241[256-CH(3)](+); the implied relative molecular weight is 270 and the implied molecular formula is C17H18O3. These data confirm the product is 3,5,4' - trimethoxystilbene. The absolute bioavailability of TMS was 45.4%. TMS was well absorped in the upper small intestine; it was excreted in stool and bile and distributed into several tissues. The maximal tolerance dose (MTD) of TMS was 5.85 g/kg. MTT assay showed TMS inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs in a dose-dependent manner. The extent of growth inhibition in A-H groups were (4.07±2.12)%, (6.54±4.78)%, (9.35±4.26)%, (16.75±5.34)%, (23.74±7.07)%, (6.78±5.58) %, (8.81±5.16) %, and (17.81±6.03) %, respectively. Flow cytometry showed the extent of apoptosis in PASMCs (after being treated with TMS for 24 h) was significantly higher than that in PASMCs treated only with TNF-α. The apoptosis rates of A-H groups were (2.63±0.74)%, (3.54±0.81)%, (5.77±4.62)%, (11.68±5.35)%, (18.79±4.15)%, (4.11±3.59)%, (6.33±4.8) %, and (12.47±5.06)%, respectively. CONCLUSION We have confirmed our synthetic product as 3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene (TMS), with the molecular formula of C17H18O3 and appropriate molecular weight and absorbption and NMR spectra. The bioavailability of TMS was to 45%. It strongly inhibits the proliferation of PASMCs in a dose-dependent manner and induces apoptosis of PASMCs.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Resveratrol ; Stilbenes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology