BACKGROUND:More and more evidence have shown that autoimmune-induced inflammatory demyelinating mostly leads to optic neuritis that is quite an early manifestation of multiple sclerosis, but whether the pathogenesis of optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice is correlated with helper T cellsubsets has rarely been reported.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between pathogenesis of optic neuritis of mouse EAE model with helper T cellsubsets.
METHODS:The mice were injected intraperitoneal y Bordetel a pertussis to establish EAE models. Then, the animal models were subjected to immunization for 11, 15, 19 days, respectively. Mice undergoing intraperitoneal injection of normal saline served as controls (adjuvant group).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the adjuvant group, the protein expression of interleukin 4 in the optic nerve decreased in the 19-day immunization group (P<0.05);the protein expression of interleukin 17 in the optic nerve increased in the 11-and 15-day immunization groups (P<0.05);the protein expression of interferonγin the optic nerve increased in the 15-and 19-day immunization groups (P<0.05);the protein expression of Foxp3 in the optic nerve decreased in the 11-, 15-and 19-day immunization groups (P<0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the adjuvant group, the mRNA expression of interferonγand Foxp3 in the optic nerve decreased (P<0.05), while mRNA expression of RORt increased in the 11-, 15-and 19-day immunization groups;the mRNA expression of interleukin 4, interleukin 17, T-beat increased in the 15-and 19-day immunization groups (P<0.05);the mRNA expression of GATA3 reduced in the 19-day immunization group (P<0.05). These results reveal that Foxp3 expression and helper T cellreduction have important influences on the development of optic neuritis in EAE mouse models, interleukin 17 may mediates inflammatory injury in the early stage, while interferon-γmakes inflammatory injury worse in the peak incidence of the disease.

To describe and evaluate a refraction-derived method and a clinically derived method to calculate the correct corneal power for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to compare the results to the commonly used history-derived method. Retrospective analysis were conducted in consecutive case from clinical practice. For each patient, we established the pre-LASIK and post-LASIK spectacle refraction, the pre-LASIK (K(pre)) and post-LASIK K readings (K(post)). We then calculated the pre- and post-LASIK refraction at the cornmeal plane and the amount of correction obtained by the refraction surgery (deltaSEQco). The cases were divided into two groups. Group I was used to derive two formulas. The values obtained with the two methods were compared with the K by history-derived method (K(c.hd) in group II to validate the results. The K values calculated by using the refraction-derived method (K(c.rd)) and the K values calculated using the clinically derived method (K(c.cd)) correlated highly with K(c.hd). The correct corneal power for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations after LASIK can use refraction-derived method and clinically derived method instead of history-derived method when some refractive parameters are not available.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in hepatic fibrosis.Methods Fifty-six cases of patients with hepatic fibrosis were selected as observation group and 50 healthy persons as control group.Immunohistochemistry were performed to detect VEGF and TGF-β1 in two groups.Results Serum VEGF and TGF-β1 in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(VEGF:(110.87 ±32.64) μg/L vs (15.98 ±6.75) μg/L,t =20.166,P ＜0.001;TGF-β1:(15.08 ±4.27) ng/L vs (7.17 ±2.86) ng/L,t =11.066,P ＜ 0.001) ;There were significant differences on VEGF and TGF-β1 level among S1,S2,S3 and S4 subgroups(VEGF:(84.25 ±16.86) μg/L vs (101.87 ±36.70) μg/L vs (118.04 ±40.75)μg/L vs (134.65 ± 45.73) μg/L,F =15.689,P =0.015 ; TGF-β1:(10.87 ± 2.64) ng/L vs (13.06 ± 2.74)ng/L vs (17.87 ± 3.28) ng/L vs (22.76 ± 4.75) ng/L,F =12.438,P =0.026).VEGF had positive correlation with TGF-β1 (r =0.532,P =0.013).Conclusion VEGF and TGF-β1 level have close relationship with the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis.Combined detection of VEGF and TGF-β1 can be serum index for diagnosis and evaluation disease condition.

Objective To observe activated cerebral areas during the task of writing in second language by early and late acquisition bilinguals and explore the neuropsychological mechanism. Methods Twelve subjects were divided into group of early acquisition high proficiency bilinguals(EAHP) and group of late acquisition high proficiency bilinguals(LAHP). Each subject carried out the task of pseudo-writing and English writing. After functional imaging,statistical parametric mapping was used to compare data of the two tasks through paired- t test in both two groups. A conjunction analysis was conducted between the two groups also. Areas where the metabolism of glucose changed were analyzed. Then, the corresponding images about activated cerebral regions were obtained.Results Cerebral areas where the metabolism of glucose increased in EAHP: bilateral middle frontal gyrus( Z=4.35/2. 01 ), bilateral cerebellum ( Z = 2.97/2.53 ) and left head of caudate nucleus ( Z = 3.07 ), etc. Cerebral areas where the metabolism of glucose increased in LAHP: right superior frontal gyrus(Z=4.06), right cerebellum( Z=4.63), left putamen(Z=2.70) ,etc. Cerebral areas where the metabolism of glucose increased in compared data of LAHP with data of EAHP: right frontal gyrus ( Z = 2.92 ), right temporal lobe( Z = 2.31 ), etc. Conclusion Extensive cerebral cortex and subcortical structures participate the process of writing in the second language. Age of bilingual acquisition is one of the factors affecting cerebral localization of writing in second language.

Objective To analyze reliability, validity and the correlative factors of the Chinese Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).Methods Fifty healthy subjects were assessed with PASAT, MMSE, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD) ,the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( PSQI).After(7 ±2) days of the initial assessment,20 of the subjects were enrolled in the test-retest reliability and scorer reliability test,and 40 were taken into the construct validity test which included other 10 neuropsychological tests such as the Prospective Memory Test,the Chinese Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test,the Symbol Digit Modalities Test,the Trail Making Test and so on.Results The internal consistency reliability ( cronbach' s α = 0.900 ),test-retest reliability ( ICC = 0.837, P = 0.000), score reliability ( ICC = 0.999, P = 0.000) of the Chinese PA-SAT were generally high.Practice effect were observed in short term ( Z = -3.304, P= 0.001 ).Executive function,working memory,verbal memory, time based prospective memory and the ability of logic reasoning were involved to complete the task of PASAT.There was a significant positive correlation of the PASAT results and the education years( r=0.582, P=0.000).Conclusion The Chinese PASAT has good reliability and validity for Chinese young and middle-aged people.Years of education and the Chinese PASAT were significantly related.On the other hand, the relationship of the Chinese PASAT and other factors, such as age and gender, should be further explored in future.

Objective To compare the characteristics of post-stroke depression in patients with and without aphasia.Methods Seventy patients on the first infarction with aphasia and 70 stroke patients without aphasia were recruited.The aphasia deficits in patients were evaluated by using the Aphasia Battery of Chinese ( Aphasia Battery of Chinese, ABC) .The Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital Version ( Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital Version, SADQ-H) was applied to analyze the depression in the two groups.Results The sore in SADQ-H of the aphasia group was significantly higher than the control group( (22.03 ±9.55 )vs ( 16.81 ± 10.47 ), P ＜ 0.01 ) .Loss interest, anhedonia, social avoidance, irritability, depression, decreased attention were more serious in patients with aphasia after stroke than that without aphasia.Compared with control group ,the incidence of depression in aphasia group was higher(64.28% vs 50.00% ).The incidence in different types of aphasia: the complete aphasia ( 78.26% ), transcortical mixed aphasia ( 62.50% ), Broca ( 61.53% ),Werincke (62.50%).There was significantly correlation between the incidence of depression and the severity of aphasia.Conclusion The incidence of depression in stroke patients with aphasia is high,especially who have complete aphasia, transcortical mixed aphasia, Broca and Werincke, and it closely relate to the severity of aphasia.

We prepared protoplasts from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge suspension culture cells. Then, the protoplasts' vitality and functions were tested by fluorescein diacetate staining method and Fluo-3/AM flourescent probe. The optimal condition of protoplast isolation was Cellulase R-10 1.5%, Pectinase Y-23 0.3%, Macerozyme R-10 0.5%, 40 r/min 12 h, 600 r/min 5 min, and the protoplasts yield was 1.1x10(6) cells/g FW, the vitality was more than 95% by using fluorescein diacetate staining method. It has been confirmed that calcium fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM can be successfully loaded into protoplasts.
Aniline Compounds ; chemistry ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cellulase ; chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Protoplasts ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; growth & development ; Xanthenes ; chemistry

Objective To preliminarily investigate the cutoff value of Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital Version (SADQ-H) in the diagnosis of post-stroke depression. Methods Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the total scores of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) greater than 7 points and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) greater than 4 points were taken as the cutoff values for the assessment of depression. SADQ-H for the assessment of the depression classification standard in patients with post-stroke aphasia was investigated preliminarily by HAMD-17 (8-17 were mild depression; 18-24 were moderate depression, and＞24 was severe depression). Results When HAMD-17 was used as a standard, ROC area under curve (AUC) was 0. 909 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.814-1.005). When 19.50 was used as a cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ coefficient of SADQ-H were 82. 6%,91.7%, 87. 0%, 83.3%, and 0. 77, respectively. When BDI-13 was used as a standard, ROC AUC was 0. 916 (95% CI 0. 824-1. 008). When choosing 18.50 as a cutoff value of diagnosis,the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ coefficient of SADQ-H were 80. 0%, 90. 0%, 84. 0%, 90. 0%, and 0. 68, respectively. The classification standards of SADQ-H for the assessment of depression in patients with post-stroke aphasia were 19, 22 and 26 points. Conclusions When the cutoff value of SADQ-H was 19 points, it had higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the assessment of depression; 19, 22 and 26 points could be used as the classification diagnostic standard of SADQ-H in the assessment of depression in patients with post-stroke aphasia.

Objective To establish a method for high throughput screening single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) by tag microarray,and then apply the method to study the gene SNP which is related to the motor function of normal people.Methods The genes related to motor function were firstly defined,and then 48 SNP loci were determined.The rs numbers of these SNP loci were fingered out from PubMed,and the primers were designed with the software in web site "www.autoprimer.com".The primer sequences were then downloaded and sent to the biologic corporation for synthesis.After being synthesized and purified by HPLC these primers were used in the experiments according to the instruction of Bakeman's SNPstream machine.The key techniques of SNPstream machine were tag microarray and single nucleotide extension assay.Once the determination was finished,both the gene frequency and allele frequency of every locus could be statistically analyzed.Results The information of the 48 SNP loci that related to motor function had been determined simultaneously by tag microarray,regardless the number of samples to be detected at the same time.The number of the samples was variable to meet the need.The data of gene frequency and allele frequency of these 48 SNP loci may be used in the subsequent studies.Conclusions Tag microarray used to high throughput screening SNP has the advantages of accuracy,speed,efficiency and reasonable cost.Therefore it can be applied to study the relationship between the SNP and many kinds of diseases.

Changes of corneal properties induced by laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) results in low inaccurate intraocular pressure (IOP) readings by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Before and after LASIK, the applied value of IOP, measured by dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) in comparison to GAT, was evaluated. Before and 1, 4 weeks after LASIK, the IOP in 30 cases (60 eyes) was measured by GAT and DCT respectively. The obtained results were statistically processed by SPSS11.5 statistical software. The results showed that central corneal thickness (CCT) could affect GAT measurements but not DCT measurements. The comparison of IOP one and 4 weeks after LASIK revealed that the readings from GAT was separately decreased by 5.00 +/- 1.12 and 5.45 +/- 1.13 mmHg as compared with those before LASIK, while those from DCT had no significant difference. It was concluded that LASIK-induced changes of CCT could influence the accuracy of GAT measurements, but had no influence on those from DCT. DCT was more beneficial to the measurements of IOP in normal eyes and those subject to LASIK surgery.