Objective:To identify the risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients using Meta-analysis.Methods:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI and Wangfang Data to collect literature about risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 after literature screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal according to criteria by two researchers independently.Results:Ten literatures were recruited,including 3 143 cases and 7 risk factors.According to Meta analysis, catheter indwelling time ( OR value was 2.59, 95% CI 1.18-5.68), times of intubation ( OR value was 10.02, 95% CI 5.93-16.92), femoral vein catheterization ( OR value was 1.73, 95% CI 1.32-2.25), age ( OR value was 1.94, 95% CI 1.50-2.51), diabetes mellitus ( OR value was 2.58, 95% CI 2.03-3.29) and hemoglobin level ( OR value was 1.61, 95% CI 1.18-2.18), were significantly different in each group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The main of risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients are catheter indwelling time, times of intubation, femoral vein catheterization, age, diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin level. However, the relationship between catheter-related bloodstream infection and albumin level needs to be confirmed by more studies.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about multiple losses to various groups, namely patients, families and healthcare professionals. Grief, which is the reaction to these losses, could cause strain on these individuals' physical and mental health if not identified and managed early. This scoping review analysed loss, grief and how they were managed among these groups during the pandemic. METHOD: This scoping review utilised the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for scoping reviews. Only qualitative studies relating to loss and grief and their management were included. Of 166 studies screened, 69 were included in the study. Qualitative analysis and data coding of each record were conducted through qualitative data analysis software. RESULTS: Losses included the death of family members, patients, colleagues and others. They also included the loss of usual routines, lifestyles and physical health. The grief experienced was multidimensional, affecting mainly the emotional, physical, social and existential realms. Anger, guilt and fear resulted from unsatisfactory farewells, issues with funerals, social isolation, financial strain and stigmatisation. Management strategies could be categorised into 5 themes: communication, finance, counselling, education and spiritual care. CONCLUSION Loss and grief identification and management among patients, family members and healthcare professionals are critically important during this COVID-19 pandemic. Current operating guidelines have proven insufficient in managing loss and grief. Innovative strategies are essential to tackle the many dimensions of loss and grief. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to better understand the effectiveness of implemented policies.
Humans ; COVID-19 ; Grief ; Health Personnel ; Pandemics ; Qualitative Research

Objective:To develop a questionnaire for compliance with the management standard of nosocomial infection control in hemodialysis rooms (centers), and to evaluate the reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the Knowledge, Attitude/Belief, Practice (KAP) survey model, the initial questionnaire was formed by using literature review, the brainstorming and expert consultation. And the final questionnaire was developed by preliminary investigation and the formal investigation, and the reliability and validity test was carried out.Results:The questionnaire consisted of 3 subscales of knowledge, attitude and practice, totaling 40 items. The S-CVI was 0.953, 0.979, 0.943 respectively and that of each item was above 0.867. In the exploratory factor analysis, 3, 1 and 3 common factors were extracted and the cumulative contribution rate was 47.178%, 68.313% and 62.271% respectively. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.906 for the total questionnaire and 0.641, 0.958 and 0.864 for 3 subscales. The retest reliability was 0.954 for the total questionnaire and 0.694, 0.893 and 0.708 for 3 subscales.Conclusions:The questionnaire had high reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective evaluation tool for the standard to investigate the compliance of medical staffs in hemodialysis rooms.