Objective To investigate the characteristic of sequences of WLAX gene in Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni)strains.Methods WLAX gene and the neighbouring sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The PCR products were cloned into the vectors of plasmid.The positive recombinants were sequenced and the results were processed by software DNAstar.Results The variation frequency of WLAX sequences in GBS-related C.jejuni was higher than that in non-GBSrelated C.jejuni.The nucleotide sequences of WLAX gene in all the strains in the present study differed from that in genome sequencing strain NCTC11168.The phylogenic tree reflected the regional feature of C.jejuni.Conclusions The probability of sequence variation of WLAX in GBS-related C.jejuni is significantly higher than non-GBS-associated C.jejuni strains,the relation between the variation and GBS-pathogenesis remains to be further confirmed.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the rpoB, KatG and inhA genes mutations in rifampin and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) clinical isolates in Baise district, Guangxi autonomous region. Methods 128 MTB clinical strains were collected and isolated for drug susceptibility testing, and drug resistant strain DNA was subtracted for rpoB, KatG and inhA genes mutation analysis. Results 75%(27/36)isolates carried mutations in the rpoB gene,and 59.3%(16/27)isolates carried mutations in 531 sites. 44.1%(15/34) isolates carried mutations in KatG or inhA, and 66.7%(10/15) isolates appeared in KatG 315 site, with two new mutations found in KatG 279 and 427 site. In these mutation isolates, 13.3%(2/15) mutations appeared in inhA 5, 6.7%(1/15) in inhA 16, and 20%(3/15) in both katG and inhA. Conclusions The mutation of rpoB, katG and inhA genes in TB is highly correlated with its resistance to rifampin and isoniazid in Baise district, Guangxi autonomous region. The study will provide a basis for further understanding the anti-bacterium mechanism and quick diagnostic methods for drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate whether timing of image acquisition influenced infarct size estimation using delayed CeMRI,and the association of left ventricular ejection fraction between magnetic resol3anee imaging and left ventrieulography Was also studied.Method From Junary 2005 to April 2006,27 first,onset AMI patients [23 male,mean age(54.3±10.5)years]were enrolledinthistudr.Allpatients receivedleft ventrictdographyas well as coronary angiography.The average checking time was(13.2±5.2)clays after the onset of AMI.MR imaging was performed with a 1.5-T magnet(SIMENS).After breath-hold eine images were acquired,patients re.ceived afI intravenous bolus of 0.05 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA at a rate of 5 ml/8.A first-pass perfusion scan was ac.qllired.Then a second bolus of 0.15 mmoVkg Gd-DTPA was give.at a rate of 2 mE/Is.After the hyperenhancement localized,the typical short axis slice with hyperenhancement WaS chosen to repeat imaging for IlleasuriIin.farct size every5minutesfrom5minutes after secondinjection ofcontrast until 20minutes.Results Twexty-seren patients showed hyperenhancement at the delayed CeMRI and hypoenhancement at the first pass enhancement(FPE).The average infarct size estimated by CeMRI WaS(17.9士9.8)%of LV nlass.Myocardial enhancement at a repesentative short-axis slice WIllS(7.2±6.2)%of LV Imss at 5 minutes,(8.5±7.4)%at 10 minutes,(7.3±6.3)%at 15 minutes and(6.9-t-6.4)%at 20 minutes respectively.There WltlS significant difference be-tween lmfninmes and 20-minutes enhancement size(P<0.05).Correlations of EF obtained by cineventriculo-grapIIy and MR irr,lg were significant(r=0.867,P<0.01).There were also correlations between infarction size and pe.k CK(r:O.819,P

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the trend of burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in China between 1990 and 2015. Methods: Data were collected from the results of 2015 Global Burden of Disease Study. We arranged and analyzed the mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) for IHD by sexes, ages and provinces (excluding Taiwan, China) in China between 1990 and 2015. The age-standardized rates were determined using the average world population age structure in the period of 2010-2035 as a reference, and the changes of the related indicators were calculated. Results: In 2015, IHD caused 1 461 thousand deaths, and its age-standardized death rate was 114.8 per 100 000. Number of DALYs from IHD were 25 765 thousand in 2015, with the age-standardized DALY rate at 1 760.2 per 100 000. From 1990 to 2015, the age-standardized death rate for IHD in China increased by 13.3% but age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 3.9%. Number of IHD DALYs among male (16 664 thousand) was higher than it among female (9 101 thousand) in China in 2015, and 83.5% of total DALYs from IHD occurred among people aged over 50 years old. Province with highest age-standardized death rate was Heilongjiang, with rate at 187.4 per 100 000 in 2015. Qinghai (54.0%) increased most and Macao (-52.3%) decreased most from 1990 to 2015. Province with highest age-standardized DALY rate was Xinjiang, with rate at 3 040.8 per 100 000 in 2015. Qinghai (33.2%) increased most while Macao (-59.0%) decreased most between 1990 and 2015. Conclusion Burden of IHD in China increased remarkably from 1990 to 2015, especially among males and people aged over 50 years old. The differences among provinces were obvious.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology for a child featuring mental retardation, language delay and autism. METHODS: G-banding chromosomal karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) were carried out for the child and her parents. RESULTS: The child was found to have a 46,XX,dup(8p?) karyotype, for which both of her parents were normal. SNP-array revealed that the child has harbored a 6.8 Mb deletion in 8p23.3p23.1 and a 21.8 Mb duplication in 8p23.1p12, both of which were verified as de novo pathogenic copy number variants. CONCLUSION The clinical features of the child may be attributed to the 8p deletion and duplication. SNP-array can facilitate genetic diagnosis for children featuring mental retardation in conjunct with other developmental anomalies.
Humans ; Child ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Karyotyping ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Deletion

Objective To explore the protective effect and mechanism of vitamin D combined with puerarin on liver fibrosis.Methods The rats were divided into normal control group (C),tetrachloromethone group (CCl4),vitamin D group (V),puerarin group(P) and vitamin D combined with puerarin group(V+P).After 8 weeks,the rats were sacrificed and blood and liver samples were collected.The level of blood hyaluronic acid(HA) was tested.The hydroxyproline(Hyp) level in the liver was measured.The liver paraffin sections were made and examined by the sirius red staining.The mRNA levels of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in the liver tissue were detected by RT-PCR,and the levels of NF-κB and TNF-α in the liver were detected by Western blot.Results The CCl4 group appeared obvious liver fibrosis.The liver fibrosis degree was significantly improved in the group V,P and V+P,the blood HA level and liver Hyp level were reduced.The mRNA levels of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ as well as the protein levels of NF-κB and TNF-α in the liver were significantly decreased.Among them.The liver fibrosis improvement degree in the V+P group was most significant.Conclusion Vitamin D combined with puerarin can protect rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 and its mechanism may be related with reducing the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSC) and decreasing the collagenous fibers secretion.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and compare burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China, 1990 and 2010.

METHODSThe indicators including prevalence, death, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted of life years (DALY) of malignant tumor from the results of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 were used to calculate the standardized prevalence rate, mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate with the 2010 national census data. The research described the prevalence, death, and burden of disease caused by malignant tumor and analyze the trend of these indicators in 1990 and 2010 in China.

RESULTSIn China from 1990 to 2010, the standardized prevalence rate of malignant tumor increased from 529.76/100 000 to 749.57/100 000 (increased by 41.49%); the standardized mortality rate decreased from 196.57/100 000 to 169.88/100 000 (decreased by 13.58%); the standardized DALY rate decreased from 5 206.56/100 000 to 4 150.86/100 000. In 2010, the top five standardized DALY rate of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Their standardized DALY rate were 892.21/100 000, 787.40/100 000, 521.36/100 000, 303.95/100 000, and 269.94/100 000, respectively. In all kind of malignant tumors, the burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate. The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer increased from 34.78/100 000 in 1990 to 41.09/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate increased from 830.77/100 000 in 1990 to 892.21/100 000 in 2010. The burden of disease of gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate. The standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer decreased from 39.65/100 000 in 1990 to 23.79/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate decreased from 968.96/100 000 in 1990 to 521.36/100 000 in 2010.

CONCLUSIONThe burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China remained at high levels in 2010. The top five burden of disease of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. The burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate and gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate from 1990 to 2010 in China. Prevention and control of malignant tumor was still difficult.

China ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Cost of Illness ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mortality ; Neoplasms ; Prevalence ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Stomach Neoplasms

Objective: To investigate the current status, temporal trend and achieving Health China 2030 reduction target of probability of premature mortality caused by four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumour, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease in China both at national and provincial level during 1990 to 2015. Methods: Using the results of Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (GBD 2015), according to the method of calculating premature mortality probability recommended by WHO, the current status and temporal trend by different gender from 1990 to 2015 were calculated, analyzed, and compared. Referring to " Health China 2030" target of reduction 30% of probability of premature mortality caused by major NCDs, we evaluated the difficulty of achieving the reduction target among provinces (not including Taiwan). Results: From 1990 to 2015, the probabilities of premature mortality in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumour, and chronic respiratory disease were all declined consistently for both men and women in China, the total of four main NCDs decreased from 30.69% to 18.54% with higher decreasing in women (from 25.97% to 12.40%) than that in men (from 34.94% to 24.19%). In 2015, the top five provinces in terms of probability of premature mortality caused by four main NCDs were Qinghai (28.81%), Tibet (25.88%), Guizhou (24.67%), Guangxi (23.56%), and Xinjiang (23.21%) in turn, while the top five provinces with the lowest probability were Shanghai (8.40%), Beijing (9.39%), Hong Kong (10.10%), Macao (10.31%), and Zhejiang (11.70%). If achieving the " Health China 2030" target, the probabilities of premature mortality in Qinghai and Tibet with the highest probability should decline to about 20.17%, and 18.12%, respectively in 2030, while 5.88%, and 6.57% in Shanghai and Beijing, respectively. From 1990 to 2015, the probability of premature mortality of four main NCDs declined by 2.00% a year on average, the top five provinces with the fastest decline were Beijing (3.48%), Shanghai (3.24%), Zhejiang (2.81%), Fujian (2.75%), and Guangdong (2.67%), and 11 provinces including these five provinces could achieve the " Health China 2030" target by the usual rate of decline, while other 22 provinces could not achieve the target, they need greater rate of decline in order to achieve the target. Conclusion From 1990 to 2015, the probabilities of premature mortality of four main NCDs were declined consistently in China both at national and provincial level, compared with women, the men had higher probabilities and declined slower, there were significant different in probabilities of premature mortality and their change speed among provinces. Based on the results from 1990 to 2015, there were about two thirds of the provinces, which the task of achieving the Health China 2030 target will be daunting.

Objective: To analyze the burden of disease attributable to low fruit intake among Chinese population aged ≥15 years old between 1990 and 2013. Methods: We used data from the 2013 Global Burden of Disease Burden of Disease Study to study the situation in China. The population attributable fraction was calculated to estimate and compare the death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) attributed to low fruit intake between 1990 and 2013 in China (excluded Taiwan, China). An average world population age structure of the period 2000-2025 was adopted to calculate age-standardized rates. Results: Deaths attributable to low fruit intake accounted for 11.02% of all death in 2013, which were higher than it in 1990 (10.38%). In 2013, the number of deaths attributed to low fruit intake in China increased to 1 046 500 from 793 800 in 1990. From 1990-2013, the age-standardized death rate attributable to low fruit intake decreased from 113.04/100 000 to 79.80/100 000. DALYs caused by low fruit intake increased from 18.346 5 million in 1990 to 21.296 7 million in 2013. Compared with 1990, the age-standardized DALY rate attributed to low fruit intake decreased by 34.67%. In 2013, the top three provinces with the highest burden of disease attributed to low fruits intake were Tibet, Guizhou and Xinjiang provinces, with standardized DALY rate at 2 612.53/100 000, 2 281.85/100 000 and 2 198.22/100 000, respectively. Compared with the results in 1990, the standardized DALY attributed to low fruits intake decreased, especially in Tianjin, where decreased by 63.61%; followed by Aomen, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Beijing, where decreased by 59.74%, 59.53%, 56.64% and 53.88%, respectively. Conclusion Compared with the situation in 1990, the burden of disease attributable to low fruit intake decreased in 2013, but the situation is still serious, especially in Tibet, Guizhou and Xinjiang provinces, where the burden decreased comparatively slowly.

Objective: To estimate the impact of risk factors control on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) mortality, life expectancy and the numbers of labor force lost in China in 2030. Methods: We used the results of China from Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, according to the correlation between death of NCDs and exposure of risk factors and the comparative risk assessment theory, to calculate population attributable fraction (PAF) and disaggregate deaths of NCDs into parts attributable and un-attributable. We used proportional change model to project risk factors exposure and un-attributable deaths of NCDs in 2030, then to get deaths of NCDs in 2030. Simulated scenarios according to the goals of global main NCDs risk factors control proposed by WHO were constructed to calculate the impact of risk factors control on NCDs death, life expectancy and the numbers of labor force lost. Results: If the risk factors exposure changed according to the trend of 1990 to 2013, compared to the numbers (8.499 million) and mortality rate (613.5/100 000) of NCDs in 2013, the death number (12.161 million) and mortality rate (859.2/100 000) would increase by 43.1% and 40.0% respectively in 2030, among which, ischemic stroke (increasing by 103.3% for death number and 98.8% for mortality rate) and ischemic heart disease (increasing by 85.0% for death number and 81.0% for mortality rate) would increase most quickly. If the risk factors get the goals in 2030, the NCDs deaths would reduce 2 631 thousands. If only one risk factor gets the goal, blood pressure (1 484 thousands NCDs deaths reduction), smoking (717 thousands reduction) and BMI (274 thousands reduction) would be the most important factors affecting NCDs death. Blood pressure control would have greater impact on ischemic heart disease (662 thousands reduction) and hemorrhagic stroke (449 thousands reduction). Smoking control would have the greatest effect on lung cancer (251 thousands reduction) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (201 thousands reduction). BMI control would have the greatest impact on ischemic heart disease (86 thousands reduction) and hypertensive heart disease (45 thousands reduction). If the risk factors exposure changed according to the trend of 1990 to 2013, in 2030, the life expectancy of Chinese population would reach to 79.0 years old, compared to 2013, increasing by 3.3 years old, the labor force at the age of 15-64 years old would loss 1.932 million. If the risk factors get the goals in 2030, life expectancy would increase to 81.7 years old and the number of labor force lost would decrease to 1.467 million. Blood pressure, smoking and BMI control would have much greater impact on life expectancy (4.9, 4.0 and 3.8 years old respectively) and labor force lost (630 thousands, 496 thousands and 440 thousands respectively). Conclusion Risk factors control would play an important role in reducing NCD death, improving life expectancy of residents and reducing loss of labor force. Among them, the control of blood pressure raising, smoking and BMI raising would have a greater contribution to the improvement of population health status.