Objective To investigate the lifestyles of internet addiction disorders and explore the relationship between lifestyles and internet addiction among Chinese adolescents.Methods In this cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling study,Demographic Information Questionnaire,Chinese Adolescent Lifestyles Scale (CALS)and Young's Internet Addiction Test were applied.Results (1) Adolescents with internet addiction were 275,accounting for 11.20％.Boys(15.45％) addicted the internet more than girls(7.48％).The prevalence rate of IAD was higher in students from urban(13.55％) than that in students from rural area(9.67％).The ratio of IAD was the highest in junior school students (14.01％),the second in university students (13.84％),the third in senior high school students(9.66％),and the lowest in primary school students(7.67％) (P＜0.01).(2) The internet addicts scored significantly lower on sleep,study habits,physical exercise,interpersonal relationship and coping style,compared to the normal group(P＜0.01).(3) Sleep status,study habits,physical exercise,interpersonal relationship and coping style were negatively correlated with internet addiction (r=-0.193,r=-0.319,r=-0.175,r=-0.225,r=-0.105,P＜0.01).(4)Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated learning habits and interpersonal relationship had negative predictive effects on internet addiction; whereas,the coping style showed a weak positive prediction effect on Internet addiction.Conclusion Internet addict teenagers have poor lifestyles which should be suggested to start the good behavior habit and insist on a healthy lifestyle to prevent the internet addiction disorder.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the lifestyle actual-ideal self-discrepancy and the self-regulatory fatigue.Methods A sample of 434 healthy undergraduate students were recruited from September to October 2015.They were inquired the demographic information questionnaire,the lifestyle actual-ideal self-discrepancy of Chinese Adolescent Lifestyles Scale(CALS) and the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale (SRF-S).Results The scores of lifestyle actual-ideal self-discrepancy in study habits ranked the highest(1.00(0.60,1.40)),followed by physical exercise(0.86(0.43,1.29)),sleep status(0.80(0.40,1.00)),diet (0.75 (0.50,1.25)),recreational activities (0.63 (0.00,1.00)),coping style (0.50 (0.25,0.75)),interpersonal relationship (0.46(0.17,0.67)) and health habits(0.25(0.00,0.50)).Furthermore,the scores of actual-ideal self-discrepancy in interpersonal relationship,study habits,sleep,physical exercise,coping style and diet were positively correlated with the scores of self-regulatory fatigue (r=0.22,0.19,0.19,0.16,0.13,0.12,P＜0.05).There was no relationship between the scores of actual-ideal self-discrepancy and the scores of self-regulatory fatigue in health habits and recreational activities(r=0.31,0.04).Conclusion The actual-ideal self-discrepancy in interpersonal relationship,study habits,physical exercise,coping style,sleep and diet were positively correlated with the self-regulatory fatigue.The reduction in these lifestyle actual-ideal self-discrepancy may help college students ease their self-adjustment fatigue.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of feeding intolerance in preterm infants.Methods From March 2015 to February 2017,a total of 156 preterm infants in the Central Hospital of Rizhao were selected.Of them,96 feeding intolerance premature infants were selected as the observation group,and 60 feeding tolerance premature infants were selected as the control group.The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analyzed,and the risk factors of feeding intolerance in preterm infants were analyzed by logistics multivariate analysis.Results In the infants with gestational age ＜30 weeks,abdominal distension(34.6%)and gastric reten-tion(50.0%)had the highest incidence rate.In the infants with gestational age 33 －37 weeks and weighing more than 2 500g,the incidence rate of vomiting (45.0%)was highest.In the infants with open milk time no less than 72h,the incidence rate of vomiting(39.3%),abdominal distension(35.7%),gastric retention(44.6%)were signifi-cantly higher than those of the infants with open milk time less than 72h.In the infants with gestational age ＜30 weeks,the proportion of hypoglycemia(23.1%),significantly reduced body mass(19.2%)were significantly higher than those of the other gestational age,the differences were statistically significant(χ2＝5.682,4.235,3.452,4.763, 5.526,3.984,6.224,5.341,all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,in the observation group,the gestational age[(30.4 ±1.3)weeks vs.(33.6 ±2.6)weeks]was smaller,birth weight[(1693 ±467)g vs.(1868 ±537)g]was lower,open milk time[(46.8 ±18.8)h vs.(32.7 ±17.7)h]and defecation time[(58.6 ±12.8)h vs.(39.6 ± 10.6)h]were later,the proportion of the use of respirator(32 cases vs.9 cases),premature rupture of membranes (26 cases vs.6 cases),early pregnancy(51cases vs.15 cases)and perinatal diseases(49 cases vs.12 cases)were higher,the differences were statistically significant(t ＝5.675,4.967,9.367,7.678,χ2＝6.523,5.564,6.652, 7.157,all P＜0.05).Logistics multivariate analysis showed that gestational age ＜33 weeks,birth weight＜1500 g, open milk time＞3d,ventilator and preterm infants were independent risk factors for feeding intolerance in preterm infants.Conclusion The common clinical manifestations of feeding intolerance in premature infants include vomi-ting,abdominal distension and gastric retention.Gestational age less than 33 weeks,birth weight＜1500 g,open milk time＞3d,ventilator and preterm infants are independent risk factors for feeding intolerance in preterm infants.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of resting heart rate (RHR) on the progression to hypertension in patients with prehypertension.

METHODSPeople who participated the physical examination between 2006 and 2007 at Kailuan medical group and diagnosed as prehypentension were selected as the observation cohort. The second and the third physical examination were conducted between 2008 and 2009 and between 2010 and 2011. The observation population was divided into five groups according to the different levels of RHR at baseline: the first group ( ≤69 beats/min), the second group (70-74 beats/min), the third group (75-79 beats/min), the fourth group (80-84 beats/min) and the fifth group ( ≥85 beats/min). The rate of the progression to hypertension was compared among five groups, and the relationship between RHR and the progression to hypertension was estimated using Cox proportional hazard analysis.

RESULTSA total of 34 512 patients with prehypentension were recruited and 25 392 patients were involved in the final statistics after excluding patients who died or were lost to follow-up. A total of 13 228 (52.1%) patients with prehypentension developed hypertension during follow-up. The rate of the progression to hypertension increased with the RHR (first group: 51.2%, second group: 50.1%, third group: 52.9%, fourth group: 53.5%, fifth group: 57.5%). Multiple Cox regression models showed that the risk of the progression to hypertension increased with the RHR levels. Patients in the fifth group carried 1.25 times higher risk for developing hypertension than patients in the second group after adjustment for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid, C-reactive protein, smoking, drinking, physical exercise and family history of hypertension at baseline.

CONCLUSIONElevated RHR is an independent risk factor for the progression to hypertension in patients with prehypertension.

Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prehypertension ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of premature birth on long term cardio-cerebral vascular events of puerpera.

METHODSAmbispective cohort study method was used and 3 659 pregnant women giving birth during October 1976 to December 2008 at Kailuan medical group were included and divided into premature birth (PTB) group (n = 226) and non-PTB (NPTB) group (n = 3 433) by the history of PTB. Incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular events (myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage) was obtained during follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models was used to assess the relative risk of cardio-cerebral vascular events.

RESULTS(1) The childbearing age, proportion of pregnancy-induced hypertension, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure before delivery were significantly higher while weight and height of newborn were significantly less in PTB group than in NPTB group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). (2) There were 71 cardio-cerebral vascular events during the follow-up of (15.19 ± 7.75) years. In PTB group, the incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular events and myocardial infarction was 3.23/1 000 person-years and 2.05/1 000 person-years, respectively, while the corresponding incidence was 1.15/1 000 person-years and 0.42/1 000 person-years, respectively in NPTB group (all P < 0.05). After adjustment for other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of total cardio-cerebral vascular events, myocardial infarction in PTB group was 2.03 fold (95% CI: 1.02-4.04, P = 0.002) and 3.11 fold (95% CI: 1.18-8.18, P < 0.001) higher than in NPTB group.

CONCLUSIONPTB is an independent risk factor for total cardio-cerebral vascular events, especially myocardial infarction of puerpera.

Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; Incidence ; Myocardial Infarction ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

OBJECTIVETo explore the prevalence of isolated diastolic hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk and blood pressure changes during follow up.

METHODSThis cohort study screened 101 510 participants who were employees of the Kailuan Group, a state-run coal mining company in 2006 and 2007. Among them, 6 778 subjects were diagnosed with isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). IDH subjects without history of cardiovascular disease and not treated with antihypertensive drugs were included in this analysis. Participants without health examination between 2008 to 2009 or 2010 to 2011 were excluded. A total of 4 600 participants were included in the final analysis. At the end of the third health examination, the conversion rate of different blood pressure turnover was calculated after standardizing age and gender according to demographic data of China in 2006. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk factors of blood pressure turnover in IDH population.

RESULTS(1) Participants were followed up for (4.03 ± 0.26) years and the rates of turnover from IDH to normotension, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and systolic diastolic hypertension (SDH) were 51.4%, 3.5%, 18.3%, respectively (45.6%, 3.6%, 22.0% in male, 57.4%, 3.3%, 14.7% in female). (2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low baseline age, low diastolic pressure, low body mass index, low uric acid, physical exercise and low alcohol intake were associated with turnover from IDH to normotension; the risk factors of turnover from IDH to ISH were older age at baseline, higher systolic pressure and higher sensitivity C-reactive protein; the risk factors of turnover from IDH to SDH were older baseline age, high systolic pressure and excessive salt intake.

CONCLUSIONSUntreated subjects with IDH can transform from IDH to normotension,ISH, SDH, and the rate of turnover from IDH to normotension is higher than others during follow up. Aging, higher systolic pressure, higher sensitivity C-reactive protein and excessive salt intake are risk factors for IDH subjects to suffer from ISH and SDH.

Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the impact of different levels of systolic blood pressure on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV). Methods A total of 5 852 participants was selected with stratified random sampling from the 101 510 workers of Tangshan Kaiuan Company who had undergone a physical check-up program. 5 222 of them with integral data were recruited into this survey. According to SBP collected during the 2010-2011 health examination program,the population under observation was divided into four groups:optimal SBP(SBP<120 mmHg),high-normal blood pressure Ⅰ period(120 mmHg≤SBP<130 mmHg),high-normal blood pressure Ⅱ period (130 mmHg≤SBP<140 mmHg)and hypertension(SBP≥140 mmHg or SBP<140 mmHg but antihypertensive drug user). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of different levels of systolic blood pressure on baPWV. Results 1)There were 3 132 males and 2 090 females in all the 5 222 participants with an average age of 55.1 years old. Their mean of baPWV was(1 587.57±400.71)cm/s,with the detection rates as 62%(baPWV≥1 400 cm/s). 2)The means of baPWV for the above groups of SBP were 1 322.19,1 456.27,1 544.78 and 1 827.77 cm/s, respectively,with detection rates of baPWV≥1 400 cm/s as 26.4%,49.3%,64.2% and 88.3%, respectively. 3)Results from the Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that β of SBP was 0.40,only ranking second,on age(0.48). 4)Data from the Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age,gender and other risk factors,when compared to optimal SBP,factors as high-normal blood pressure Ⅰ period、high-normal blood pressure Ⅱ period and hypertension were risk factors for increasing baPWV,with OR values as 2.70(95%CI:2.20-3.32),4.56(95%CI:3.67-5.67)and 13.51(95%CI:10.87-16.78),respectively. Conclusion Higher SBP seemed an independent risk factor for the increase of baPWV.

Objective To assess the disease burden for gynecological disease in China in 2016. Methods Data were extracted from the global burden of disease study 2016(GBD 2016). The burden of gynecological disease among age groups and provinces groups was assessed by prevalence rate, mortality rate, years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years(DALY). An average world population age-structure for the period 2010-2035 was adopted to calculate age-standardized rates. Results In 2016, the prevalence rate of gynecological disease in women aged 15 years and above in China was 24.94%, of which was 36.71%to women of childbearing age. The number of DALY from gynecological disease was 2727637.82 life years in 2016, with the DALY rate was 411.12/100000 and standardized DALY rate was 341.80/100000. The first three gynecological diseases with highest DALY and DALY rate among Chinese women aged ≥15 years were premenstrual syndrome(815004.64 life years, 122.84/100000), uterine fibroids(281976.67 life years, 42.5/100000) and endometriosis (154792.89 life years, 23.33/100000). The DALY caused by gynecological disease in Guangdong (220871.19 life years), Shandong (190968.72 life years), Henan (171273.92 life years), Jiangsu(168404.27 life years)and Sichuan(144358.5 life years)were higher than other provinces. The standardized DALY rate attributable to gynecological disease were highest in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(404.00/100000), Shanghai(394.90/100000), Heilongjiang(382.00/100000), Beijing(365.70/100000)and Jiangsu (357.50/100000). Conclusions Gynecological disease is a great threat to women' s reproductive health. Effective measures should be taken to address the issue, especially to women of childbearing age.

Objective: To assess the disease burden for low back pain in China in 2013 and analyzed the change of it between 1990 and 2013. Methods: Data was from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013). The burden of low back pain (LBP) among age groups, gender groups, provinces (excluding Taiwan China) groups was assessed by years lived with disability (YLD), including YLD, YLD rate, proportion of YLD due to LBP. The change of the YLD for LBP was analyzed between 1990 and 2013 by age-standardized YLD rate using the world standard population of 2000-2025 WHO. Results: In 2013, The YLD for LBP was 16 347 thousand (the leading cause of YLD in China), and the proportion of YLD in age group 30-59 years old was 54.6% (8 929/16 347) . The age-standardized rate in China was 1 072.6/100 000, and the rates in Guangdong (1 742.2/100 000) , Shanghai (1 227.8/100 000) and Beijing (1 136.6/100 000) were higher than in other provinces. The proportion of YLD due to LBP was 11.8%. LBP was the leading cause of YLD in China. Compared with 1990, the growth rates of age-standardized rate, proportion of YLD and YLD, were 5.6%, 25.5% and 72.1%, desperately. Conclusion Low back pain was the leading cause of YLD in China in 2013. Compared with 1990, the disease burden for low back pain increased rapidly.

In order to train professionals in medical laboratory technology who are directly engaged in medical examination and medical laboratory work and who have strong practical ability and can adapt to the development of precision medicine, the reform of precise teaching for experiment is implemented. Through the precise stratification of experimental projects and knowledge points, the design of precise teaching activity and the construction of precise evaluation system for experiments, guided by precision medicine during the experimental process, the standardization and precision training of basic skills for students are strengthened in clinical laboratory test. The students can more well adapt to the needs of society for technical and innovative talent in the new period. The precise teaching for experiment will become one of the main characteristics of medical laboratory technology education in our school.