Objective To investigate the number,distribution and expression intensity of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma for seeking biotherapeutic evidence of cervical carcinoma. Methods The number,distribution and expression intensity of CD-(1a),S-100,CD-3, CD-8 positive cells were determined in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma and human normal cervix tissue as the control,by using immunohistochemical technique and computerized imaging analysis system. Results Compared with human normal cervical tissue,the number and the expression intensity of CD~+-(1a),S-100~+,CD~+-3,CD~+-8 cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia significantly increased(P

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of a questionnaire on knowledge, beliefs and intentions about AIDS/safe sex for university students. Methods: Based on the data investigated with this questionnaire from 598 university students and the test-retest data from 63 university students, the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity were calculated. Results: This questionnaire had good reliability, with most parts having Cronbach ? coefficients large than 0.7 and retest coefficients large than 0.6. The factor structure was consistent with the theoretical hypothesis and the factors could explain 58.85% of the whole questionnaire.Conclusion:This questionnaire can be applied among university students to assess AIDS/safer sex related knowledge, beliefs and behavioral intentions.

BACKGROUND:Many studies have shown that Chinese medicineFuming granules have certain curative effects on optic nerve injury, but a large number of experimental studies are stil needed to verify. OBJECTIVE:To verify the effect of Chinese medicineFuming granules on optic nerve injury by the method of stress relaxation experiments. METHODS: The animal models of optic nerve injury were established by the clamping method. Rats were intervened withFuming granules by intragastric administration. Model group and normal control group were set for comparison. After 30 days of successive administration, optic nerve injury received stress relaxation experiments in each group, and histomorphology was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the normal control group, the optic nerve nuclei distributed uniformly without edema, augmentation or inflammatory cels, and the axon and other contents had a clear structure. In the model group, the optic nerve fiber arranged sparsely, presented unclear structure, and axon, karyorrhexis and the other contents changed. In theFuming granule group, the transect of optic nerve which arranged densely had large area, and most of the axon had a normal structure. The decreases in stress at 7 200 s and stress relaxation were as folows: normal control group > fuming granule group > model group (P < 0.05). Results confirmed that Chinese medicineFuming granule accelerates the recovery of axoplasm of injured optic nerve, restores the morphology of axons, and contributes to the recovery of injured optic nerve.

Objective:To expose the vulnerability of HIV/AIDS infection among youth out of schools in a holistic view through understanding lifestyle,peer relations,awareness of HIV/AIDS,and HIV/AIDS prevention service of the youth.Methods:A cross-sectional survey based on the collective random sampling was conducted among 584 youth out of schools with or without a job in Anshan City,Liaoning Province in October 2005.Results:The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS among youth out of schools was 58.9%,and 65.6% of the subjects never accepted any health service related to HIV/AIDS prevention.42.6% of the respondents had sexual experience,and the rate of having sexual experience among males(62.3%)was higher than that of females(37.7%).And 30.5% of the youth seldom or never used a condom,51.2% of the youth having sex didn't use a condom in his/her last sex.28.2% of the youth having sex were ever involved in commercial sex relations.22 of the respondents(3.8%)had the experience of drug substance,the rate of having sex experience among youth who used the substance was higher than that of the youth who never used the substance.Smoking,alcohol abusing,visiting recreation places,high month consumption were the risk factors of pre-marital sex,and high awareness of HIV/AIDS was the protective factor of pre-marital sex.Conclusion:The youth out of schools were vulnerable in sexual behavior,substance use,peer influencing,social environment,and HIV/AIDS prevention service in terms of HIV/AIDS infection.

Objective:To compare acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in different years in Beijing, and to provide evidence for targeted health education among college students in future.Methods: College students were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in year 2006 and 2016 in Beijing.The sample sizes were 1 800 and 3 001 college students, respectively.The contents of the questionnaire included: socio-demographic characteristics, AIDS related knowledge, AIDS related attitude, sex intercourse and its related risk behaviors, condom use intension, and AIDS related health education.Results: Compared with the year 2006, the average AIDS knowledge scores of college students in year 2016 dropped from 12.78±1.95 to 11.90±2.56 (t=12.91, P<0.05), and the correct answer rates of questions in the knowledge part were decreased, too.Except for belief on condom use, the college students were more negative on AIDS related attitude and self-efficacy in year 2016 than in year 2006.Among the students who had sex experience, the rates of commercial sex [17.65% (33/187) vs.6.53% (16/245), χ2=13.003, P<0.001] and the rates of homo-sexual intercourse [15.43% (29/188) vs.4.13% (10/242), χ2=16.356, P<0.001] were higher in year 2016 than in year 2006.The main way for the students seeking pornographic information was changed from books to internet (41.15%) in 2016 compared with the year 2016.In 2016, the influencing factors of intention on condom use were male (OR=0.713), self-efficacy of condom purchase (OR=0.876), never received sex education before college (OR=0.752), self-efficacy of condom use (OR=1.135), belief of condom use (OR=1.775), and attitude towards AIDS patients (OR=1.136).Conclusion: AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among college students have been changed, AIDS related health education should be designed and improved based on new characteristics of college students.AIDS health education in colleges should pay more attention to sex attitude and sex responsibility and self-protection awareness among college students as well.

Objective: To analyze the influence of reproductive health education in middle school on self efficacy and intention of condom use among college freshmen, so as to provide evidence for fertility protection related intervention and policy making. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among college freshmen in Beijing by hierarchical cluster sampling method. A total of 3 001 students were surveyed. The difference was compared by using χ 2 test and ANOVA. Multivariate linear and Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors associated with condom use self efficacy and condom use intention. Results: The overall rate that reproductive health education received before college among freshmen in Beijing was 65.11%. The college freshmen from urban areas reported more adequate reproductive health education (71.11%) than those from non urban areas before college (59.36%)( P <0.05). The total scores of UNGASS (4.22±0.90 vs 4.05±0.98), condom use self efficacy (24.64±5.34 vs 23.09±4.93) and the intention of condom use (82.44% vs 70.88%) of college freshmen received reproductive health education in middle school were higher than those of college students without pre college reproductive health education( P <0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the score of condom use self efficacy of college students received pre college reproductive health education was higher than those without pre college reproductive health education( β =1.21, 95% CI =0.79-1.63, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that reproductive health, the intention of condom use of college freshmen who received pre college reproductive health education was higher than that of college freshmen without reproductive health education( OR =1.63, 95% CI =1.33-2.01, P <0.01). Conclusion Reproductive health education in middle school can improve college freshmen s self efficacy and intention of condom use, contribute to the implementation of safe sex, and is of great significance to the protection of college students fertility.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of death in critically ill patients. Prone ventilation is one of the effective treatment methods for ARDS, but the current clinical implementation rate is not high, which is mainly due to the occurrence of serious complications such as tracheal tube and venous pipeline disconnection, pressure sores, hemodynamic instability and so on, and requires adequate personal and cooperation. The medical staff of the department of critical care medicine of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University designed a kind of support bracket for human body carrying and turning over which can help the critically ill patients to easily complete the position conversion during prone position ventilation, and has obtained the national utility model patent (Patent Number: ZL 2017 2 1847759.9). The support bracket is simple in design, composed of stent, rotating shaft and bandage. It is reliable and easy to operate. It can significantly reduce the difficulty of prone position ventilation, avoid the occurrence of related complications, reduce the labor load of medical staff, and improve the treatment quality of patients.

Objective To characterise the alterations of serum autoantibodies for cyclinB1,p62,Koc-IMP1 and survivin in the subjects with esophgeal and gastric cardia carcinoma and precancerous lesion and their expres-sions in the esophageal and gastric cardia cancer tissue.Methods Enzyme-linked immunoassay and tumor-associated antigen mini-array (consisting of five full-length recombinant proteins,including eyefinB1-p62-Koc,IMP1 and Survivin)were applied to determine the serum level of the autoantibodies of these antigens on 376 subjects with e-sephageal and gastric cardia carcinoma and precancerous lesions.At the same time,the expression of these antigens was detected by immunohistochemical method(ABC)on 13 patients with esophageal cancer and 16 with gastric car-dia cancer.Results All of the 5 antigens determined,the linear correlation Was observed for the detection frequency of cyclinB1,IMPI and p62 in esophageal carcinogenesis,and for p62 in gastric cardia multi-stage progression from normal to precancerous and cancerous lesions(P<0.05).The detection rale with single positive antoantibody im-munoreactivity for both esophageal and gastric cardia cancers were low.However.the positive detection mte for both esophageal and gastric cardia cancer increased apparently when the multiple positive markers were combined together for analysis,which increased tO 3～5 and 3～4 folds respectively.Furthermore,the difference in autoantibody immu-noreactive rate was significant with the lesion progressed from mild tO severe precancerous lesions and to cancer both in esophageal and gastric cardia cancers(P<0.05).The positive immunoreactions of the 5 antigens were detected in cancer tissues.The positive immunostaining rates for cyclinB1,Koc,IMP1 and Survivin both in esophageal and gastric cardia cancers were higher compared to their serllin positive rate of autoantibodies I P<0.05).Of the pa-tients with positive immunostaining in the two cancer tissues,the autoantibodies in the serum for the corresponding antigens could be detected in the same patient.Conclusion The production of the tumor-associated autoantibodies is related tO antigens.The screening rate through serum tumor-associated antigen mini-array for the patients with e-sophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma and precancerous lesions has been increased apparently with combined analy-sis of multiple autoantibodies than with single one.

BACKGROUND: From 2010 to 2015, there was a twofold growth of new HIV/AIDS infection in Beijing among young students aged 15-24. HIV/AIDS education was found effective in promoting positive behavior change related to HIV/AIDS prevention. However, little evidence was found on the evaluation of HIV/AIDS education policy. This study aimed to evaluate the college-based HIV/AIDS education policy in Beijing. METHODS: By using a mixed method approach, the current study reviewed college-based HIV/AIDS education policy at national level and in Beijing from 1985 to 2016 and conducted policy content analysis to evaluate the policy ability to structure implementation. Cross-sectional surveys in 2006 and 2016 were used to evaluate college's implementation of relevant policies. T test, χ test, and logistic regression were used to analyze college students' perception of HIV/AIDS education provided in their colleges and their knowledge of HIV/AIDS and their risk factors. RESULTS: Fourteen pieces of national policy and four pieces of Beijing's policy were identified. Policy's ability to structure implementation was at moderate level. The percentage of students in Beijing who ever perceived HIV/ADIS education at colleges decreased from 71.14 to 39.80%, and the percentage of students with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS dropped from 50.00% in 2006 to 40.42% in 2016. CONCLUSIONS HIV/AIDS education in college had drawn considerable attentions from the Chinese government, while the policy implementation needs further strengthening.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; psychology ; Adolescent ; Beijing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; psychology ; Health Education ; statistics & numerical data ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Male ; Universities ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult