People departure from the treatment, prevention and health care purposes, intermittently or continuously excessive use of drugs with dependence, will cause serious mental and physical damage, while serious social harm.Opioids are the most commonly abused drug, abusers by taking an excess number of pills orally or by crushing the pills, followed by smoking, snorting, or injecting the new altered formulation to get euphoric.The escalating abuse of opioids has recently spawned the development of novel drug formulations resistant to various methods of tampering and misuse.This article discusses available opioids that include abuse-deterrent mechanisms as well as such agents currently in development.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is defined as non-protein coding transcript longer than 200 nucleotides. In the form of RNA, it affects gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and is widely involved in the body's pathophysiological processes. This review summarizes the research progress of lncRNA in the field of parasitology in order to find new targets for the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.

Objective To compare and analyze the synchrony of cardiac contraction when left bundle branch area pacing ( LBBP ) using tissue Doppler imaging ( TDI ) . Methods T wenty‐four patients with LBBP and 20 patients with right ventricular pacing ( RVP ) were enrolled in the study . Among them , 35 cases were diagnosed as sick sinus syndrome ( SSS ) and 9 cases were diagnosed as Ⅱ or Ⅲ degree atrioventricular block ( AVB) before operation . Echocardiographic images were collected with ventricular pacemaker‐on ,and patients with SSS in LBBP group under the condition of pacemaker program control also collected the image of self‐conduction . TDI was used to measure time of the peak velocity ( T s ) of myocardial contraction in the left ventricular 12 segments ,right ventricle 2 segments ,and atrial 3 walls .The difference between the basal segment of left ventricular lateral wall and right ventricular free wall ( T s‐LV‐RV ) ,the mean value of the right ventricular 2 segments ( T s‐2‐RV ) ,the average( T s‐12‐LV ) and standard deviation ( T sd‐12‐LV ) of the left ventricular 12 segments ,and the difference in peak systolic time among 3 walls T AL‐R ,T AI‐R ,T AL‐I were calculated . Results Compared with the RVP pacing state ,the parameters of left ventricular systolic synchrony in LBBP pacing were shortened ,and the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) . T here was no significant difference in parameters of left ventricular/right ventricular systolic synchrony and cardiac function between the LBBP group and the self‐conduction status ( P＞0 .05) . Conclusions Left ventricular systolic synchrony is superior to RVP in LBBP pacing ,and left/right ventricular systolic synchrony and cardiac function are not different from self‐conduction . LBBP is a new physiological pacing . TDI is able to quantitatively assess cardiac systolic synchrony .

Objective To observe the susceptibility test result in vitro of the combination of two drugs to carbapenem-resistant Enter-obacteriaceae(CRE)for screening the effective anti-infective therapy.Methods A total of 60 CRE strains which were isolated from the specimens from the clinic of Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023.Carbapenem enzyme type was detected by colloidal gold immunochromatography.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)was determined by micro broth dilution method.Ceftazidime/avibactam(CZA)combined with aztreonam(ATM),COL combined with tigecycline(TGC),meropenem(MEM),cefoperazone/sulbactam(SCF),amikacin(AK)and levofloxacin(LEV),TGC combined with MEM,SCF and AK,MEM combined with SCF and ertapenem(ETP)were performed by the checkerboard dilution method respectively.Fractional inhibitory con-centration(FIC)index was used to determine the combined effects.Results Carbapenem enzyme was detected in all the 60 CRE strains,including 49 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases(KPC)-type,10 New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)-type and 1 Imi-penem enzyme(IMP)-type.The MICs of CZA to 49 KPC-producing strains were ≤8 mg/L,showing all sensitive,and to 11 NDM-and IMP-producing strains were＞128 mg/L,showing all resistant.The synergy rate of CZA was 100％after combining with ATM.MEM combined with SCF had the highest synergy rate of 63.4％,and the sum of synergistic rate and addition rate was 96.7％.The syn-ergistic rate and additive rate of TGC combined with AK were the lowest,which was 31.7％.Among KPC and NDM enzyme types strains,the sum of synergy rate and addition rate of MEM combined with SCF were the highest,which were 100.0％and 80.0％respec-tively.The sum of synergy rate and addition rate of COL combined with LEV were the lowest,which were 32.6％and 30.0％.None of the 11 combination regimens showed antagonistic effect.The MICrange,MIC50 and MIC90 of combination regimens for CRE strains were decreased to some extent compared with those of each single drug.Conclusion CZA alone or in combination with ATM were effective for CRE strains.The MEM combined with SCF had the highest synergy rate and addition rate,which could provide reference for clinical experience medication.

Objective:The study was designed to evaluate the antiseptic efficacy of Tinidazole stilus against periodontal pathogen. Methods:A total of 41 patients with periodontitis were included in this study. 26 of them were treated by Tindazole stilus and other 15 cases were treated by metronidazole stilus as controls. The prevalence of subgingival bacteria from both group were examined. Results: The eliminate rates for Black pigmented anaerobic rod (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedius, Prevotella melaninogenicus), Fusobacteriums, Prevotella oris, Prevotella oralis, Eubacterium and Actinomyces were 95.8% 94.1%, 83.3% and 76.5%. The anti-bacterial efficiency of Tinidazole against periodontal pathogen was significantly higher than that of metronidazole (P<0.05). Conclusion: It appears to be effective to use Tinidazole stilus as local application against periodontal pathogens.

Objective To observe the effects of Astragalus Injection ( AI ) on the expressions of nerve growth factor(NGF) and tyrosine kinase receptor A(TrkA)in retinal tissue of rat model of optic nerve injury by stretch. Methods Altogether 48 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham group, model group and AI group ( n=16 each ) . The rat model of optic nerve injury was induced by horizontal stretching the optic nerve of left eye by tensiometer with 0. 10 N for 20 seconds, and the rats of sham group were only exposed optic nerves, without undergoing stretching. After success-ful modeling, the rats of AI group were injected intraperitoneally ( i. p. ) AI and the those of model group were i. p. normal saline for consecutive 14 days. The retinal tissues of all rats were dissected out of the eye balls and the expressions of NGF and TrkA were detected by Western Blot. Results Compared with the sham group, the expression levels of NGF and TrkA in the model group decreased significantly( P<0. 05). After 14-day-treatment, the expressions of NGF and TrkA of retinal tissues increased in AI group compared with the model group(P<0. 05). Conclusion The protection of AI against optic nerve injury was proved by upregulating of the expressions of NGF and TrkA in the rat retinal tissue.

Objective:To explore the pain perception and cognition of children with malignant tumor and their parents during the disease treatment.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 179 children with malignant tumors and their 179 parents who were admitted to the day ward of Hematology and Oncology Center of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2017 to February 2019 were selected as the research objects. The children and their parents were surveyed by using the self-developed Pain Questionnaire for Children with Malignant Tumor and the Pain Questionnaire for Parents of Children with Malignant Tumor. A total of 179 questionnaires were distributed, 179 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100.0%.Results:The incidence of pain during treatment in 179 parents and 179 children was 100.0% (179/179) and 98.3% (176/179) , respectively. The average scores of 179 parents and 179 children who considered the most severe pain during disease treatment were respectively (5.82±2.30) and (5.41±2.09) , and the average pain scores were (4.04±1.90) and (3.95±1.66) , respectively. There were statistically significant differences in pain perception between children and their parents during lumbar puncture/thecal injection, bone puncture, PICC catheter placement, indwelling needle puncture and venous blood collection ( P<0.05) . A total of 77.1% (138/179) of parents and 65.4% (117/179) of children had concerns about the use of analgesics, respectively. Conclusions:There is a high consistency between the severity of pain experienced by parents and the children's feelings during treatment. However, the parents feel that the unbearable treatment-related pain during the treatment of the disease is higher than that of children, and they are more passive than children in the attitude of receiving analgesics. Medical staff can listen to their parents' opinions during pain assessment, pay attention to education of parents before treatment-related operations, take measures to reduce or even avoid the occurrence of treatment-related pain and strengthen the training of pain relief measures.

INTRODUCTIONStruma ovarii represents about 1.0% of all ovarian tumours. While management involves surgery, there is a paucity of data regarding the extent and approach of surgery, and postoperative management. This study aimed to delineate the management of struma ovarii, its associated complications, and postoperative follow-up and investigations.

METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed cases of benign struma ovarii treated at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, between January 2000 and May 2011.

RESULTSA total of 68 patients underwent surgical removal of ovarian cyst or mass (24 cystectomy, 20 salpingo-oopherectomy and 24 total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy). Of the 68 surgeries, 39 (57.4%) included intraoperative frozen section sampling or procedures for staging of ovarian malignancy. The majority (73.5%) of surgeries were laparotomies. Histology revealed benign struma ovarii in all (98.5%) but one patient. Only 7 (10.3%) patients had postoperative complications - 3 wound-related, 2 thyroid-related, 1 incisional hernia and 1 nonspecific. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.2 days. During follow-up, 45 (66.2%) patients required no additional investigations. The most common investigation done was ultrasonography (n = 18, 26.5%). While no recurrences were diagnosed histologically, two patients were subsequently found to have complex/dermoid ovarian cysts on the ipsilateral side of the previous struma ovarii on ultrasonography.

CONCLUSIONSimple surgery is recommended for patients with struma ovarii, especially if they have fertility potential. Laparoscopic surgery is the recommended approach due to its shorter recovery time and lower morbidity. Most patients do not require extended periods of follow-up or postoperative investigations.

Cystectomy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary ; pathology ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Salpingectomy ; Singapore ; Struma Ovarii ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective:To assess the changes of left ventricular systolic function and global synchronization and myocardial work in patients with left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) by two-dimensional multi-layered speckle tracking imaging.Methods:Forty-two patients with Ⅱ degree Ⅱ type or Ⅲ degree atrioventricular block (AVB) in the Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University from April to December 2019 were selected as pacing group, which were further divided into two groups according to different pacemaker modes: twenty patients with right ventricular septal pacing (RVSP), twenty-two patients with LBBP, and twenty patients with normal ECG and cardiac structure were enrolled as control group. Echocardiography of pacing group and control group was performed and analyzed. The left ventricular subendocardial longitudinal strain peak(LSendo), the middle layer myocardial longitudinal strain peak(LSmid), subepicardial longitudinal strain peak(LSepi), global myocardial longitudinal strain peak(GLS), peak strain dispersion (PSD), global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW) and global work efficiency (GWE) were acquired. The differences among the three groups were analyzed and the high difference indexes were screened by statistical modeling.Results:LSendo in three groups had no difference ( P>0.05). LSmid, LSepi, GLS in the control group, LBBP group and RVSP groups were decreased gradually ( P<0.05). GLS in LBBP group was higher than in RVSP group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the increases of QRS and PSD in LBBP group were not statistically significant ( P>0.05), while the decreases of QRS and PSD in LBBP group were statistically significant compared with the RVSP group ( P<0.05). The values of GCW among three groups had no statistical significance ( P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the decrease of GWI in LBBP group was not statistically significant ( P>0.05), while the increase of GWW and the decrease of GWE were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with the RVSP group, the increases of GWI and GWE and the decrease of GWW in LBBP group were statistically significant ( P<0.05). QRS, LSendo, GLS, LSmid, left ventricular apex rotation to basal rotation peak time(ApexBase period) were the indexes with significant difference among LBBP and RVSP groups and all index characteristics showed better in LBBP than RVSP group. Conclusions:Two-dimensional multi-layered speckle tracking imaging can be used to evaluate the effect of LBBP on left ventricular systolic function and global synchronization and myocardial work. LBBP longitudinal mechanical synchronization is better than right ventricular septal pacing by improving the peak global myocardial longitudinal strain and myocardial work after pacemaker.

This paper reported a case of a 29-year-old male patient with mental disorder caused by prion disease was misdiagnosed as depressive episode with somatic symptoms. The patient's symptoms were initially predominantly psychiatric， with progressive worsening of somatic symptoms， and he died more than 1 year after his first onset. Prion disease caused various manifestations of mental symptoms， which can easily lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. This paper discussed the case， in order to provide references for the clinical diagnosis of mental disorder caused by prion disease.