0.05),respectively.The fractured adheisive dentin surface was mainly a mixed failue mode.Conclusions:There is no significant difference in the bond strengths of each of the three bonding agents to ND and CAD.

Objective To explore the syndrome distribution laws of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (RITP), and the relevance between various syndromes and gender, age, laboratory indicators, to reveal the essence of TCM syndrome and provide a reasonable and standard TCM treatment principle. Methods TCM syndrome, gender, age and laboratory indicators of 75 cases of RITP were studied retrospectively and analized statistically. Results Qi deficiency and blood stasis is the major syndrome, and Yin deficiency is the secondary syndrome. Compare with others, the patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were older, and had longer disease courses and more severe conditions. Conclusion One of TCM intervention treatment principles for RITP is invigorating qi and yin, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Objective: To study the bonding interface characteristic of five wet bonding systems while bonding on different dentin bonding surfaces. Methods: Rhodamine B was used to label five adhesives(OptiBond Sol o,Single Bond,Gluma One-Bond,Bond-1 and One-Step) in consistency of 0.1%, an d the bonding interface of the 5 wet bonding systems on dry or wet dentin surfa ces was observed with laser scanning confocal microscope. Results: All five bonding systems could infiltrate well into dentin bonding interface when bonding on wet dentin surface. The fluorescence confocal images gave eviden ce of the adhesives penetrated into the widened tubules, lateral tubules and dem ineralized peritubular dentin. Little discontinuity in dentin tubular was observ ed in the images, especially in those of alcohol-water-based adhesives. When b onded in dry dentin surface, the hybrid thickness of acetone-based adhesives de creased significantly. Conclusion: The penetration ability of ad hesives may be reduced significantly on dry dentin surface.

Objective: To comparative the mechanical properties of f our kinds of denture resin. Method: The impact strength, f lexural strength, flexural elastic modulus and Brinell hardness of four denture resin materials, Shanghai Shanhu(SH),Shanxi Changzhi(CZ), Luciton 199(LC) and Me liodent(MD), were measured in vitro and the stress-strain curve of each ma terial under flexural force was drawn. Results: The impact strength(kJ/m 2) of SH,CZ,LC and MD were 9.94?2.25,6.55?1.85,13.76?4.31 and 13.70?3.71; flexural strength (MPa) 75.27?3.24,78.88?7.66,80.47?3.27 and 7 6.72?3.14; flexural elastic modulus(GPa) 3.08? 0.15 ,2.96?0.10,2.63?0.11 a nd 2.56?0.12; Brinell hardness(kg/mm 2)24.15?1.34, 23.43 ? 1.65 ,20.86? 1.26 and 18.49?1.71,respectively. Conclusions: Comparativ ely speaking, SH and CZ are rigidit and brittle, LC is rigidit and sturdy, MD is tough and sturdy.

Objective To investigate the expression of occludin in the intestinal epithelial cells of neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC) . The influence of vitamin D on NEC and the expression of occludin was also explored. Methods Sixty neonatal Wistar rats from different litters were divided into four groups 48 hours after birth:10 in the breast-fed+ control group,10 in the breast-fed +vitamin D group,20 in the NEC+ control group and 20 in the NEC+ vitamin D group. In groups with NEC,neonatal rats were sep-arated from their mothers and treated with rat milk substitute+hypoxia+hypothermia. In groups with vitamin D treatment,paricalcitol was given through intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before,one day and two days after the induction of NEC. The tissue was harvested from the ileum of the rats 72 hours after induction of NEC. Microscopically,the tissue was assessed according to the Nadler scoring system. The expression and location of occludin was observed after immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting was performed and quantified to compare the expression of occludin among groups. Results In NEC rats,the intestinal structure was destructed. Separation of the submucosal or muscular layer,discharge or disappearance of the villa was accompanied by necrosis of the intestinal cells. Vitamin D treatment could significantly alleviate those chan-ges,with the Nadler score 1. 70 ± 0. 21 compared to 2. 90 ± 0. 23 without vitamin D treatment ( P<0. 01 ) . The expression of occludin was decreased in NEC rats and vitamin D could partly rescue this decrease (P<0. 01). The distribution of occludin was sparse and discontinuous in NEC rats while after vitamin D treatment,the distribution was maintained even and continuous. Conclusion The expression of occludin in intestinal epithelial cells is significantly reduced in NEC rat. Vitamin D treatment may inhibit the development of NEC by maintaining the expression of occludin.

Objective To evaluate the effects of adiponectin on the mitochondrial damage in septic rats with lung injury .Methods Sixty male Wistar rats ,aged 7-8 weeks ,weighing 180-220 g ,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table :sham operation group (S group) ,sepsis group (SEP group) and adiponectin group (APN group) .The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 2% pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg .Sepsis was produced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) .In APN groups ,gene recombinant adiponectin 6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 12 h after CLP .At 24 h after the operation ,10 rats from each group were chosen and sacrificed ,and lungs were removed for detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6 ) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1 ) contents . The mitochondria of lung samples were isolated for measurement of the malondialdehyde (MDA ) content and degree of mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial activity . The survival rates within 7 days after operation were recorded in the left 10 rats in each group .Results Compared with S group , IL-6 and HMGB1 contents in lung tissues and MDA content in the mitochondria were significantly increased ,the degree of mitochondrial swelling was increased , and the mitochondrial activity and survival rates within 7 days after operation were decreased in SEP group ( P<0.05 ) . Compared with SEP group , IL-6 and HMGB1 contents in lung tissues and MDA content in the mitochondria were significantly decreased ,the degree of mitochondrial swelling was reduced ,and the mitochondrial activity and survival rates within 7 days after operation were increased in APN groups ( P< 0.05 ) .Conclusion Adiponectin can attenuate lung injury and raise the survival rates in septic rats ,and reduction of mitochondrial damage in lung tissues is involved in the mechanism .

Objective To report a familial dentinogenesis imperfecta type Ⅱ (DGI type Ⅱ) with a novel splicing mutation in DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein) gene.Methods Based on the result of linkage analysis performed previously to map the candidate gene DSPP in the family, the promoter,the first four exons and exon-intron boundaries of DSPP were directly sequenced for the members of the DGI type Ⅱ family. Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis was performed to confirm the results of sequencing.Results A novel splicing mutation of 23 bp deletion in intron 2 of DSPP gene was identified by DNA sequence analysis. The mutation changed acceptor site sequence from CAG to AAG, and might result in functional abolition of possible branch point site in intron 2. DHPLC result was consistent with that of sequencing. The mutation may be identified in all affected individuals, but not found in normal members of the family and 50 controls.Conclusion These results suggest the deleted mutation of DSPP gene causes DGI type Ⅱ in the family. The mutation has not been reported before.

Objective To report the prenatal molecular diagnosis for two gravida in a family with spondylepiphyseal dysplasia congenita(SEDC)caused by G504S mutation of COL2A1 gene.Methods DNA of the two fetuses was extracted from amniotic fluid at the 19+3 and 18+6 weeks of gestation respectively.Direct sequencing of two samples were performed after amplifying exon 23 of COL2A1 containing the potential mutation.The femur length and biparietal diameter of the first fetus were measured by sonographic scans every two weeks from 17+3 weeks to 27+3 weeks of gestation,and for the second fetus these parameters were measured from 16+1 to 19+1 weeks of gestation.Results Sequncing analysis revealed the first fetus and his mother presented the same mutation which is specifically associated with SEDC,but the second fetus did not show the mutation of COL2A1 gene.Biparietal diameters of the both fetuses were appropriate for gestational age.Femur length of the second fetus was normal for gestational age but that of the first fetus was shortened evidently after the 23 week of gestation.The parents of the first fetus determined to terminate the pregnancy.A medical termination was carried out at 27+5 weeks of gestation and a male fetus with a relatively large head and short limbs was delivered.The radiological findings of the fetus were consistent with SEDC including generalized platy spondesand shortened long bones.Conclusions Prenatal molecular diagnosis is important for the fetus with risk of SEDC and useful for genetic counseling.Genotype of fetus with risk of SEDC can be identified before sonographic scan.Molecular genetic analysis in conjunction with sonographic monitoring was helpful in prenatal diagnosis of SEDC.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings in the elderly cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding.Method In this study,181 cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding cltnically and endoscopically diagnosed from May 2011 to May 2016 were divided into ≥60 years of age group (58 cases) and control group (＜ 60 years of age,123 cases).Clinical data and endoscopic findings were compared retrospectively.Results The cirrhosis caused by virus and alcohol (15/58,62/123) was less in elderly group,but autoimmune disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was more common (14/58,12/58)(x2 =7.452,P =0.004).The incidence rate of hypertension and coronary artery disease was higher in elderly group (20/58,7/58,x2 =6.124,12.764,P =0.012,0.001).However,there was no difference in the incidence rate of diabetes between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Gastric varices bleeding was higher in the elderly group (x2 =3.965,P =0.049).The gastric varices located in cardia were more in the elderly group (37.93％,22/58) than control (34.96％,43/123),(x2 =4.124,P =0.044).The rate of EIS was higher in the elderly group and cyanoacrylate injection was less than control (x2 =3.621,P =0.046).Conclusions Compared with those of ＜ 60 years of age,the causes and endoscopic findings and treatment are different cirrhotic variceal bleeding in patients ≥60 years of age.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal variceal bleeding (UGIB) and to evaluate the risk factors of rebleeding after endoscopic therapy.Method Between May 2010 and May 2017,383 patients who diagnosed with cirrhosis and UGIB were enrolled.Results The incidence of rebleeding was 8.88％ (n =34).In the univariate analysis,advanced age (P =0.362,OR =0.662),male (P =0.036,OR =2.975),cause of cirrhosis (P =0.047,OR =2.512),Child-Pugh scores (P =0.026,OR =1.852),prothrombin time (P =0.017,OR =3.746),thrombocytopenia (P =0.445,OR =0.577),severe varices (P =0.314,OR =0.745),red color sign (P =0.016,OR =4.013),portal vein diameter (P =0.365,OR =1.026),portal thrombosis (P =0.027,OR =1.954) were risk factors for rebleeding following endoscopic therapy.In the non-condition multivariate logistic regression analysis,male (P =0.036,OR =2.975),autoimmune liver disease (P =0.047,OR =2.512),Child-Pugh scores (P =0.026,OR =1.852),prothrombin time (P =0.017 OR =3.746),red color sign (P =0.016,OR =4.013),portal thrombosis (P =0.027,OR =1.954) were independent risk factors for rebleeding following endoscopic therapy.Conclusions Esophagogastric variceal rebleeding is common after a successful initial endoscopic therapy.Independent risk factors for rebleeding are male,autoimmune liver disease,elevated Child-Pugh scores,prolonged thrombin time,portal vein thrombosis and red color sign.