Objective: To investigate the adhesive characteristics of two kinds of light-curing resin that was used to bond teeth and orthodontics brackets. Methods: A total of 60 premolar teeth were randomly divided into six groups, and brackets were bonded according to the manufacturers' instructions. In group A1, A2 and A3, the teeth were prepared using 100 ml/L polyacrylic acid, and the brackets were bonded using Fuji Ortho LC. In group B1, B2 and B3, the teeth were using self-etching primer, and the brackets were bonded using Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer (TPSEP). After 30 min and 24 h under room temperature and received cold-heat cycle treatment respectively, bond strength was measured using a testing instrument (2000S, Lloyds Instruments, Fareham, England) at a speed of 1 mm/min, and the residual adhesive was quantified using a stereomicroscope. The adhesive interface was observed by scanning electron microscope. Results: The bond shear strength of TPSEP and Ortho Glass LC are more than 5 MPa. The bond shear strength of TPSEP is stronger than that of Ortho Glass LC after 24 h. However,The adhesive remnant index (ARI)of TPSEP is higher than that of Ortho Glass LC. Conclusion: Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer and Ortho Glass LC can satisfy the clinic need of orthodontics.

Objective To study the DCE-MRI findings of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods 26 new patients di-agnosed laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer by pathology were collected and took DCE-MRI before therapy.The TIC type,ADC value,peak time (Tpeak),peak signal enhancement percentage (SERmax),positive enhancement integral(PEI),maximum slope of increase(MSI)and maximum slope of decrease(MSD)were obtained respectively.These semi-quantitative parameters of primary cancer,normal pharyngeal tissue and the same layer neck muscles were compared and P <0.05 was considered statistical signifi-cance.Results The TIC types for primary tumor including type Ⅰ(5),type Ⅱ(6),type Ⅲ(1 5),a significant difference of Tpeak、MSI、MSD were observed(P < 0.05 )no difference in ADC values (P > 0.05 )was found.Different b values (b = 300 s/mm2 , 500 s/mm2 )for ADC values were significantly different.There was statistical significance in semi-parameters among the primary cancer,normal pharyngeal wall tissue and the same layer neck muscles.Setting MSI value 58.32 threshold to distinguish abnormal and normal tissues,sensitivity and specificity both were 84.6%.Conclusion DCE-MRI can reflect morphology and signal differences among neck muscles,normal and abnormal laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tissues,providing help for diagnosis of primary carcino-ma.

Objective To analyze and summarize the CT features of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).Methods 30 patients with MTC proved by surgery and pathology were scanned by CT.And the CT manifestations were analyzed retrospectively.Results In a total of 30 patients,a single lesion in 25 (83.3%)patients and multiple ones in 5 (16.7%)were found with irregular shape in 27 (90.0%),unclear border in 26 (86.7%),heterogenous enhancement with irregular internal hypodensity in 27 (90.0%),cal-cifications in 4 (13.3%)and invasion of trachea in 4 (13.3%).As for the 29 patients underwent the neck surgery ,26 (89.7%) were pathologically confirmed with lymph nodes metastasis.CT showed the metastatic lymph nodes with well-defined border in 1 2 (46.2%)and ill-defined one in 14 (53.8%),calcifications in 5 (19.2%)and heterogenous enhancement with irregular internal hy-podensity in all (100.0%).Conclusion CT features of MTC and metastatic lymph nodes appeared as heterogenous enhancement with irregular internal low attenuation area,which can improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.

Objective: To observe the influence of all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) on the expressions of E-cadherin,heparanase and VEGF in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell line COC2,and to investigate the anti-metastatic potential and possible action mechanism of ATRA.Methods: We used flow cytometry to examine the expressions of E-cadherin,heparanase and VEGF proteins in the epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell line COC2 treated with different concentrations of ATRA.Results: ATRA significantly increased the expression of E-cadherin and decrease that of VEGF and hepareanse in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: ATRA can inhibit cell proliferation,improve cell-cell adhesion and downregulate the expressions of VEGF and heparanse proteins,suggestive of an anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic potential.

Objective To explore the association between body mass index(BMI)/waist circumference (WC)and blood triglyceride(TG)level in adults. To evaluate the value of the BMI and WC in diagnosing the hypertriglyceridemia by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Methods A total of 1 093 adults(707men and 356 women)were examined in our hospital from July to September in 2008.Height,weight,WC and blood triglyceride were measured and analyzed.The ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the threshold values.Results The hypertriglyceridemia rate was 33.5%among men and 8.3%among women.The BMI and WC of hypertriglyceridemia group were significantly higher than those of normal TG group for both men and women(P<0.01).The area under ROC curve was 0.728±0.041 for men and 0.708±0.021 for women when using BMI to predict hypertriglyceridemia.The optimal threshold value was 24.5 for men and 22.5 for women.The area under ROC curve was 0.790±0.042 for men and 0.714±0.020 for women when using WC to predict hypertriglyceridemia.The optimal threshold value was 86 cm for men and 77 cm for women.Conclusions Both BMI and WC are associated blood triglyceride level. WC and BMI are useful parameters in predicting hypertriglyceridemia.

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukine-22 ( IL-22 ) on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF), and to analyze their association with IL-17+CD4+T (Th17) cells differentiation.Methods RASF were isolated from six patients with rheu-matoid arthritis ( RA) and cultured in vitro.The expression of IL-6 at mRNA and protein levels by RASF were detected by qRT-PCR analysis and ELISA after treatment with different concentrations of IL -22 for dif-ferent periods of time.Anti-IL-22R1 blocking antibody and inhibitor assay were used to analyze the specific receptor and its downstream signaling pathways associated with IL-6 production.IL-22 pre-treated RASF and CD4+T cells were co-cultured for 3 days in the presence or absence of anti-IL-22R1 or anti-IL-6 to measure the percentage of Th 17 cells by flow cytometry .Results The expression of IL-6 by RASF was increased up-on IL-22 stimulation in a dose and time dependent manner (P<0.05), and that was closely related to IL-22R1 and its downstream signaling pathways of p38 and JAK2 (P<0.05).Co-culturing CD4+T cells with RASF and Transwell system indicated that the percentage of Th 17 cells was increased in IL-22 pre-treated group as compared with that in IL-22 untreated group , but it could be down-regulated by either blocking IL-22R1 or IL-6.Conclusion IL-22 promoted the expression of IL-6 by RASF and further enhanced Th 17 dif-ferentiation.Neutralizing IL-22 in synovium of patients with RA might be an effective therapeutic strategy for RA treatment.

Discussion teaching mode was carried out in the teaching of histology and embryol-ogy for clinical medical undergraduates in Chongqing Medical University from aspects of proposing questions, group learning, class discussing and summarizing. Classroom tests were accompanied to evaluate the teaching effect. It showed the discussion teaching achieved satisfactory effects. The correct answer rate of 92.36%students was≥60%. Students not only acquired knowledge but also increased their comprehensive abilities. The well-supervised topics, active participation of students and timely summary of teachers at the end of the class were the key factors in the practice of the discussion teaching mode.

This article introduces an overview of management system for conflict of interest of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission (EPC) and the United States Pharmacopoeia Convention (USP). The EPC and USP have standardized the management system for conflict of interest in drug standard work in multiple management documents, such as the Guide for the Work, Code of Practice for the Work, Form for Declaration of Interests and Confidentiality Undertaking of the EPC, bylaws, Rules and Procedures of the Council of Experts, Code of Ethics, Standards of Conduct of the USP, in order to ensure the transparency and fairness of drug standard development, improve the credibility and rigor of drug standards. This article introduces the management system for conflict of interest of the EPC and USP, providing reference for the improvement of relevant management systems of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.

Objective: To investigate epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Zhejiang Province in 2023, so as to provide the evidence for strengthening prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods: Data pertaining to notifiable infectious diseases reported in Zhejiang Province in 2023 were retrieved from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The incidence and mortality were analyzed according to the classification of notifiable infectious diseases and transmission routes, and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases were descriptively analyzed. Results: Thirty types of notifiable infectious diseases with 2 955 699 cases and 427 deaths were reported in Zhejiang Province in 2023, with a reported incidence rate of 4 493.93/105 and a reported mortality rate of 0.649 2/105. A total of 679 notifiable infectious disease emergencies were reported, with 26 514 cases and 1 case death (rabies). The emergencies mainly occurred in schools and preschool institutions, with 621 cases accounting for 91.46%. There were 1 case of cholera reported in class A notifiable infectious diseases and no death, 22 types of class B notifiable infectious diseases, with a reported incidence rate of 552.46/105 and a reported mortality rate of 0.644 7/105, and 8 types of class C notifiable infectious diseases, with a reported incidence rate of 3 941.48/105 and a reported mortality rate of 0.004 6/105. The incidence rates of respiratory, intestinal, blood-borne and sexually transmitted, natural and insect-borne infectious diseases were 4 028.67/105, 381.59/105, 81.15/105 and 1.35/105, respectively, according to transmission routes. Influenza (3 561.78/105) and COVID-19 (423.77/105) reported the highest incidence, and AIDS (0.477 4/105) and tuberculosis (0.130 8/105) reported the highest mortality. Conclusion The incidence rates of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases were high in Zhejiang Province in 2023, and schools and preschool institutions were the main places of diseases occurred.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province in 2023, so as to provide the reference for public health risk management. Methods: Data of public health emergencies and related information in Zhejiang Province from January 1 to December 31, 2023 was collected through Emergency Public Reporting System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Attack rates, disease types, distribution of time and places, and responses were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 718 public health emergencies were reported in 2023 in Zhejiang Province, and all were infectious disease events. There were 27 128 reported cases and 3 deaths, with an attack rate of 3.22%. The top five infectious diseases with the highest number of reported events were influenza, norovirus infection, monkeypox, varicella and hand, foot and mouth disease, accounting for 95.54% of total reported events. There were 355 public health emergencies with less than 30 cases each, accounting for 49.44%. The reported emergencies peaked from February to March (186 events, 25.91%) and from November to December (327 events, 45.54%), and mainly occurred in schools and preschool institutions (651 events, 90.67%). The median responding time, reporting time and duration of emergencies were 6.50 (interquartile range, 10.84) h, 0.53 (interquartile range, 0.63) h and 7.24 (interquartile range, 11.71) d, respectively. Conclusion Public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province in 2023 were mainly caused by influenza and norovirus infection, with February, March, November and December being the peak reporting periods, and schools and preschool institutions being the main places where these events occurred.