Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an important biological behavior of tumor cells in chemotherapy. And it is also one of the major causes of clinical chemotherapy failure. According to the literature at home and abroad, and combining with the results of authors' investigations, this paper mainly discusses the mechanism of tumor cells' MDR and its reversion by Chinese herbs.

This article reviewed information related to the apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women. Apoptosis is related to the response and resistance to treatment in breast cancer. Here we summarized and integrated the data on apoptosis and its role in the development, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Further study on apoptosis in breast cancer can help find more candidates for predictors and indices of response. Such study will also develop treatment regimens that are tailored to individual tumors and thereby maximize survival.

Objective To observe the effects of CEJS combined with chemotherapy on the expression of VEGF in lewis lung carcinoma.Methods Tumor xenografts models were set up and randomly divided into five groups including control group,CTX CEJS,high-dose CEJS joint CTX(combination group 1),and middle-dose CEJS joint CTX(combination group 2).Paraffin imbedding and HE staining were performed,and the tissue Shape was observed by microscope after section.The expressions of VEGF in five groups were determined by immuno-histochemistry.Results The expression level of VEGF could be significantly down-regulated in CTX or combination group 1 and 2,compared with the control group(P＜0.05):CEJS group had no significant difference to the control group(P＞0.05);The average optical density in the combination group 1 and 2 showed no significantly difference to the CTX group(P＞0.05).Conclusion The inhibition of CEJS could not down regulate of the expression of VEGF,but CEJS could keep the affection of chemotherapy drugs on VEGF.

Objective To compare the differential expression of MRP1 in human breast cancer sensitive cells (MCF-7/S)and resistant cells (MCF-7/TAM、MCF-7/ADR), and to preliminary distinguish whether there is a common mechanism between breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen (TAM) and to adriamycin(ADR).Methods We detected the expression of MRP1 gene and MRP1 protein in the three breast cancer cells by using the methods of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blot respectively.Results The expression of MRP1 gene in MCF-7/TAM and MCF-7/ADR cells was (2.63 ± 0.18) and (8.38 ±0.76) times of MCF-7/S cells respectively, which was significantly different (P1=0.004,P2=0.003). The expression of MRP1 protein in MCF-7/TAM and MCF-7/ADR cells was higher than MCF-7/S cells,which was consistent with the trend of MRP1 gene. Conclusions The high expression of MRP1 may be the common mechanism in breast cancer cells resistant to TAM and ADR.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of electrocoagulation of gallbladder artery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC) . Methods A total of 376 patients with gallbladder benign diseases underwent LC in our hospital from May 2004 to September 2013.The gallbladder artery was treated by electrocoagulation . Results Because of unclear gallbladder triangle due to abdominal adhesion , conversion to laparotomy was performed in 9 patients.In the remaining 367 patients, three-port LC with electrocoagulation of the gallbladder artery was conducted successfully .Laparoscopic appendectomy was conducted simultaneously in 12 patients.An additional fenestration and drainage of the left renal cyst was performed in 1 patient.Postoperatively, a secondary bile duct exploration was conducted in 1 patient because of bile duct obstruction caused by common bile duct stones . Conclusion The electrocoagulation of gallbladder artery is safe and feasible in LC for the treatment of gallbladder benign diseases .

Objective To investigate the effects of Compound E-Jiao Slurry (CEJS) and Cyclophosphamide (CTX) on the inhibition of Lewis pulmonary carcinoma xenografts. Methods Tumor xenografts models were prepared and randomly divided into six groups by weight, including the control group,CTX, CEJS with the dosages of high, middle and low, with a total of ten mice in each group. The control mice were given normal saline 0.4ml by intragastric administration once daily, with a total of twelve times; The mice of CTX group were given CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day, with a total of six times; The mice of CEJS group were given CEJS 0.2 ml and saline 0.2 ml by intragastric administration; The mice of combination therapy group 1 were given CEJS 0.4 ml by intragastric administration once daily, and CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day; The mice of combination therapy group 2 were given CEJS 0.2 ml by intragastric administration once daily, and CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day; The mice of combination therapy group 3 were given CEJS 0.1 ml by intragastric administration once daily, and CTX 0.2 ml by intraperitoneal injection every other day. The weight of tumor xenografts were measured in the experiment,the inhibition rate of tumor xenografts were calculated according to the data after the dissection. Results The combination groups and CTX alone have an inhibition rate of over 50%, and the CEJS group 25.88%. In every experimental group, the weight of tumor showed statistical significance compared with the control (P<0.05). The value was(4.457±0.796)g, (2.105±0.651) g, (3.304±0.922) g, (1.668±0.267)g, (1.752±0.546)g and (2.075±1.061) g respectively according to the group sequence. There was no statistical significance of tumor weight in the groups of different dosages of CEJS plus CTX compared with the CTX group (P>0.05). Conclusion CEJS can't obviously enhance the sensitivity of tumor xenografts to CTX, but there is a trend for tumor inhibition.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Gastric cancer is usually in advanced stage at diagnosis, without opportunity for curative resection. Chemotherapy is the major treatment for advanced gastric cancer (AGC), and other treatments include palliative surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biologic and immunologic therapy as well as Chinese medicine. Palliative therapy is used to reduce tumor load or complication occurrence, while radiotherapy is effective for locoregionally advanced gastdc cancer. At present, chemotherapy plays a leading role in AGC treatment and has a palliative effect on symptomatic patients. For advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, chemotherapy has always been the focus of studies. Results of studies of FAX, ECF/DCF regimens and Phrase ill clinical trials of REAL-2, ML17032 and SPIRITS have been released. With the application of EOX, XP, S-1/CDDP, IF, FOLFOX and XELOX regimens, the outcomes of advanced gastdc cancer are improved. However, there is no standard regimen accepted as supedor over others. Biologic and immunologic therapy are beneficial supplements to surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but are not yet the mainstream. All of these treatments have obvious side effects. Other comprehensive methods are of equal importance, such as Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, and psychological intervention. Combined with western medicine, the above methods have certain merits in relieving clinical symptoms, reducing toxicity,increasing effectiveness, improving quality of life, preventing metastasis and recurrence, reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells, and curing ascites and managing cancer pain.

Cooperation networks of nursing techniques were constructde by way of perspective practice so as to enhance the quality of nursing critical cases, the success rate of emergency treatments and patients' life quality. The measures included training in techniques for nmsing critical cases, making the rounds of wards and consultations, and enlarging the scope ofthe cooperation networks. Quantification methods were introduced into management, networks of critical case assessment were used in managing patients, and the system for assessing training in techniques for nursing critical cases was used in managing nursing personnel, thus improving the quality of the nursing pensonnel, ensuring the rational allocation of human resources and promoting the enhancement of the hospital's medical quality and its social and economic benefits. It is therefore not difficu1t to see that the cooperation networks are of application and dissemination value.

Objective: To comparative the mechanical properties of f our kinds of denture resin. Method: The impact strength, f lexural strength, flexural elastic modulus and Brinell hardness of four denture resin materials, Shanghai Shanhu(SH),Shanxi Changzhi(CZ), Luciton 199(LC) and Me liodent(MD), were measured in vitro and the stress-strain curve of each ma terial under flexural force was drawn. Results: The impact strength(kJ/m 2) of SH,CZ,LC and MD were 9.94?2.25,6.55?1.85,13.76?4.31 and 13.70?3.71; flexural strength (MPa) 75.27?3.24,78.88?7.66,80.47?3.27 and 7 6.72?3.14; flexural elastic modulus(GPa) 3.08? 0.15 ,2.96?0.10,2.63?0.11 a nd 2.56?0.12; Brinell hardness(kg/mm 2)24.15?1.34, 23.43 ? 1.65 ,20.86? 1.26 and 18.49?1.71,respectively. Conclusions: Comparativ ely speaking, SH and CZ are rigidit and brittle, LC is rigidit and sturdy, MD is tough and sturdy.

Objective: To investigate the adhesive characteristics of two kinds of light-curing resin that was used to bond teeth and orthodontics brackets. Methods: A total of 60 premolar teeth were randomly divided into six groups, and brackets were bonded according to the manufacturers' instructions. In group A1, A2 and A3, the teeth were prepared using 100 ml/L polyacrylic acid, and the brackets were bonded using Fuji Ortho LC. In group B1, B2 and B3, the teeth were using self-etching primer, and the brackets were bonded using Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer (TPSEP). After 30 min and 24 h under room temperature and received cold-heat cycle treatment respectively, bond strength was measured using a testing instrument (2000S, Lloyds Instruments, Fareham, England) at a speed of 1 mm/min, and the residual adhesive was quantified using a stereomicroscope. The adhesive interface was observed by scanning electron microscope. Results: The bond shear strength of TPSEP and Ortho Glass LC are more than 5 MPa. The bond shear strength of TPSEP is stronger than that of Ortho Glass LC after 24 h. However,The adhesive remnant index (ARI)of TPSEP is higher than that of Ortho Glass LC. Conclusion: Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer and Ortho Glass LC can satisfy the clinic need of orthodontics.