[Objective] To screen and identify the new Y-STR loci from the Y chromosome and examine the polymorphism of these Y-STR loci. [Method] To seek and locate the position of 5 Y-STR loci, including DYS709, DYS720, DYS721, DYS722, and DYS723, and perform sequencing of these 5 Y-STR loci. Then to investigate the polymorphism in unrelated Chinese Han males. [Results] Five Y-STR loci were identified from Y chromosome sequence. By scrutinizing the physical position on Y chromosome of previously reported Y-STRs, we found that three loci were novel and two loci overlapped with two loci published only online. All loci could be male-specifically amplified with a product size ranging from 185 bp to 278 bp. After 108 males of the Chinese Han Population (Guangzhou) were examined, we found 5 DYS709, 11 DYS720 alleles, 4 DYS721 alleles, 6 DYS722 alleles, and 6 DYS723 alleles. A total of 95 haplotypes were identified, 84 of which were unique, and with a haplotype diversity of 0.997 2±0.001 2(HD±SE). [Conclusion] This set of Y-STRs can be used as Y chromosome genetic makers in related fields.

[Objective] To propose a criterion for making conclusions on paternity tests based on STR genotyping. [Method] To use binomial distribution formula to calculate minimal numbers of STR loci that must be tested for different scenarios in paternity testing. [ Results ] We proposed a set of criteria for making STR paternity testing conclusions. For triplet tests, concluded "paternity positive" for the following four cases when the cumulative paternity index (PI) was greater than 10 000: 1) no inconsistent STR locus was detected in 15 loci (PE > 0.571 4/locus) or 2) only one inconsistent STR locus was detected in 19 loci or 3) only two inconsistent STR loci were detected in 28 loci or 4) only three inconsistent STR loci were detected in 35 loci; otherwise, concluded "paternity negative" when at least four inconsistent STR loci had been detected. For single parent tests, concluded "paternity non-exclusive" for the following cases when the cumulative PI was greater than 10 000: 1) no inconsistent STR locus was detected in 18 loci (PE>0.411/locus) or 2) only one inconsistent STR locus was detected in 29 loci or 3) two inconsistent STR loci were detected in 41 loci; concluded "paternity negative" when three or more inconsistent loci were detected. [Conclusion] Our experience has proven that these criteria are robust in STR paternity testing.

In recent years, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistent infection mouse model with recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 carrying 1.3 copies of HBV genome (rAAV8-1.3HBV) is concerned. We studied and compared the efficacy among HBV persistent infection mice models by other serotypes except AAV8. First, we prepared and purified five viruses: rAAV1-1.3HBV, rAAV2-1.3HBV, rAAV5-1.3HBV, rAAV8-1.3HBV and rAAV9-1.3HBV. Then we injected each virus into 3 C57BL/6J mice with the dose of lx 1011 vg (Viral genome, vg) per mouse. We detected HBsAg and HBeAg in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points post injection. We killed mice 8 weeks post injection and took blood and livers for assay. We detected copies of HBV DNA by real-time quantitative PCR in sera and livers. Meantime, we detected HBcAg in the livers of mice by immunohistochemistry and further performed pathology analysis of these livers. The five groups of mice, HBeAg and HBsAg expression sustained 8 weeks in serological detection and HBV DNA was both detected in sera and livers at the time of 8 weeks post injection. HBeAg, HBsAg, HBV DNA copies expression levels in descending order were AAV8>AAV9>AAV1>AAV5>AAV2. HBcAg expression was detected in livers as well. Varied degrees of liver damage were shown in five groups of mice. This study provides more alternative AAV vector species to establish a persistent infection with hepatitis B model.
Animals ; Dependovirus ; classification ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Vectors ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Serogroup ; Virus Replication

Objective To explore the effect of low replacement plasma exchange(LPE)combined with double plasma molecular adsorption(DPMAS)in the treatment of patients with chronic acute liver failure(ACLF)and its influence on liver function,inflammatory cytokines and short-term prognosis.Methods One hundred patients with ACLF were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group by envelope method,with 50 cases in each group.On basis of routine symptomatic treatments(liver protection,removing jaundice,reducing enzymes,anti-viruses,bleeding prevention),the control group and the observation group were treated with plasma exchange(PE)and LPE plus DPMAS,respectively.The liver function,coagulation function,the levels of inflammatory cytokines,incidence of adverse reactions,and 90-day survival rate were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results After treatment,the liver function and coagulation function in the observation group were significantly improved(P＜0.05)and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly lowered than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the 90-day survival rate and the total incidence of adverse reactions between the groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion LPE combined with DPMAS can effectively improve liver function and coagulation function,and reduce levels of inflammatory cyto-kines in ACLF patients,with high safety.

Background Environmental noise pollution is serious, and there are few studies on the effects of long-term noise exposure during sleep on cognitive function and possible biological clock mechanism. Objective To explore the cognitive impairment induced by noise exposure during sleep in mice and possible biological clock mechanism, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection against noise exposure. Methods Twenty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group and a noise-exposed group, 10 mice in each group. The noise-exposed group was exposed to sleep-period noise using a noise generator for 12 h (08:00–20:00) per day for a total of 30 d. The calibrated noise intensity was set at 90 dB. No intervention was imposed on the control group. At the end of the noise exposure, cognitive function of mice was examined using the new object recognition experiment and the open field test, and the hippocampal tissue damage of mice were evaluated by Nissl staining, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) immunofluorescence staining, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for inflammatory factors and biological clock genes. Oxidative stress indicators in the hippocampus of mice were also detected by assay kit. Results After noise exposure during sleep period, the results of new object recognition experiment showed that the discrimination index of mice in the noise-exposed group was 0.06±0.04, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.65±0.13) (P<0.05). The results of open field test showed that the central activity distance of the noise-exposed group was (242.20±176.10) mm, which was significantly lower than that of the control group, (1548.00±790.30) mm (P < 0.05), and the central activity time of the noise-exposed group was (0.87±0.64) s, which was significantly lower than that of the control group, (6.00±2.86) s (P < 0.05). The Nissl staining results showed that compared with the control group, neurons in the hippocampus of the noise-exposed mice were shrunken, deeply stained, disorganized, and loosely connected. The immunofluorescence results showed that microglia in the hippocampus of the noise-exposed mice were activated and the expression of Iba1 was significantly increased compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). The real-time PCR results of showed that the mRNA levels of the biological clock genes Clock, Per2, and Rev-erbα were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (P<0.05), and the mRNA level of Per1 was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (P<0.05); and the mRNA levels of IL-18, IL-6, iNOS, and NLRP3 in the hippocampal tissues of mice were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). The results of oxidative stress evaluation showed that compared with the control group, reduced glutathione content was significantly reduced in the noise-exposed group (P<0.001). Conclusion Noise exposure during sleep period can lead to the destabilization of biological clock genes in hippocampal tissues and trigger hippocampal neuroinflammation, which can lead to the activation of microglia and cause cognitive impairment in mice.