One patient confirmed as pituitary carcinoma by histopathology was retrospectively analyzed according to the great changes of tumor invasive growth in imaging examine and clinical characters. Clinically,pituitary carcinoma quickly grows,and the growth character of tumor is helpful in the diagnosis. Moreover,the treatment for pituitary carcinoma is different from pituitary adenoma.The rapid progress of pituitary adenoma indicates the possibility of primary carcinoma.More experience should be accumulated for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

[Objective] To propose a criterion for making conclusions on paternity tests based on STR genotyping. [Method] To use binomial distribution formula to calculate minimal numbers of STR loci that must be tested for different scenarios in paternity testing. [ Results ] We proposed a set of criteria for making STR paternity testing conclusions. For triplet tests, concluded "paternity positive" for the following four cases when the cumulative paternity index (PI) was greater than 10 000: 1) no inconsistent STR locus was detected in 15 loci (PE > 0.571 4/locus) or 2) only one inconsistent STR locus was detected in 19 loci or 3) only two inconsistent STR loci were detected in 28 loci or 4) only three inconsistent STR loci were detected in 35 loci; otherwise, concluded "paternity negative" when at least four inconsistent STR loci had been detected. For single parent tests, concluded "paternity non-exclusive" for the following cases when the cumulative PI was greater than 10 000: 1) no inconsistent STR locus was detected in 18 loci (PE>0.411/locus) or 2) only one inconsistent STR locus was detected in 29 loci or 3) two inconsistent STR loci were detected in 41 loci; concluded "paternity negative" when three or more inconsistent loci were detected. [Conclusion] Our experience has proven that these criteria are robust in STR paternity testing.

[Objective] To investigate the genetic polymorphism of nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci in Han population of Southern China.[Methods] The 9 STR loci (D11S2368,D12S391,D13S325,D18S1364,D22-GATA198B05,D6S1043,D2S1772,D7S3048,D8S1132) were amplified with STR＿Typer＿10＿v1 kit for 1619 unrelated individuals of Han population in Southern China.The PCR products were analyzed with 3100 genetic analyzer and GeneMapper ID 3.1v software.The forensic efficiency parameters were calculated by PowerState V12.xls and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested with Arlequin 3.11v software.[Results] The genetic polymorphism of 9 STR loci in Han population of Southern China was quite high.The heterozygosities (H) ranged from 0.818 to 0.879.The match probabilities (MP) ranged from 0.031 to 0.063.The powers of discrimination (PD) ranged from 0.937 to 0.970,the probabilities of exclusion (PE) ranged from 0.632 to 0.753,the polymorphism information contents (PIC) ranged from 0.80 to 0.88 and the typical paternity indices (TPI) ranged from 2.74-4.13,respectively.These data were in accord with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P ＞ 0.05).[Conclusion] Nine STR loci are highly polymorphic in Chinese Han population.They are new useful tools for paternity testing,individual identification,and for the research of human genetics and anthropology.

Abstract The popularization of the use of electronic has become a global trend, and children are exposed to devices at younger ages. A large proportion of children and adolescents spend on screen time more than 2 h which is recommended in most guidelines. The paper reviews possible effects of screen time on physical and mental health, as well as mental disorders in children and adolescents. It is found that excessive screen time showed negative impacts on mental health, including depression, anxiety, mood disorder, social adaptational problems, behavioral disorders, self injurious behaviors, and health risk behaviors. Much attention has been paid on the association between excessive screen time and mental health of children and adolescents, while possible mechanisms and influencing factors are lacking. Effective intervention studies are needed to provide a basis for child and adolescent health promotion.

Objective To analyze differentially expressed genes and potential microRNA(miR-NAs)with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in ulcerative colitis(UC)based on bioinformatics.Methods The chip raw data in GEO database was screened by weighted gene coexpression network analysis.UC related differentially expressed genes were obtained for enrichment analysis.Potential miRNAs associated with differentially expressed genes were predicted based on key genes,and gene-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed.Results A total of 277 differentially expressed genes were screened,of which 200 genes were up-regulated and 77 genes were down-regulated.Gene set en-richment analysis(GSEA)showed that the main enrichment pathways were neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,leishmania infection,prion disease and electrocardiogram receptor interaction.The results of gene ontology(GO)analysis showed that it was mainly involved in chemokine activity,heparin binding as well as chemokine receptor binding and other items.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways were cytokine receptor interaction pathway,phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT)signaling pathway,chemokine signaling pathway as well as nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and other pathway.A total of 10 hub genes were screened:C-X-C chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8),Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),selectin L(SELL),C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4(CTLA4),clus-ter of differentiation 69(CD69),and Biglycan(BGN),C-X-C chemokine ligand 13(CXCL13),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1(TIMP1).A total of 12 potentially key miRNAs were identi-fied,they were respectively hsa-mir-335-5p,hsa-mir-146a-5p,hsa-mir-92a-3p,hsa-mir-155-5p,hsa-mir-26b-5p,hsa-mir-4426,hsa-mir-4462b,hsa-mir-4647,hsa-mir-32-5p,hsa-mir-92b-3p,hsa-mir-98-5p and hsa-mir-93-5p,respectively.Conclusion In this study,a total of 277 differen-tially expressed genes are screened for possible involvement in the development of UC,and 10 hub genes and 12 miRNAs are identified as possible biomarkers for UC.

Objective To analyze differentially expressed genes and potential microRNA(miR-NAs)with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in ulcerative colitis(UC)based on bioinformatics.Methods The chip raw data in GEO database was screened by weighted gene coexpression network analysis.UC related differentially expressed genes were obtained for enrichment analysis.Potential miRNAs associated with differentially expressed genes were predicted based on key genes,and gene-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed.Results A total of 277 differentially expressed genes were screened,of which 200 genes were up-regulated and 77 genes were down-regulated.Gene set en-richment analysis(GSEA)showed that the main enrichment pathways were neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,leishmania infection,prion disease and electrocardiogram receptor interaction.The results of gene ontology(GO)analysis showed that it was mainly involved in chemokine activity,heparin binding as well as chemokine receptor binding and other items.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways were cytokine receptor interaction pathway,phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K-AKT)signaling pathway,chemokine signaling pathway as well as nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and other pathway.A total of 10 hub genes were screened:C-X-C chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8),Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),selectin L(SELL),C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4),cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4(CTLA4),clus-ter of differentiation 69(CD69),and Biglycan(BGN),C-X-C chemokine ligand 13(CXCL13),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1(TIMP1).A total of 12 potentially key miRNAs were identi-fied,they were respectively hsa-mir-335-5p,hsa-mir-146a-5p,hsa-mir-92a-3p,hsa-mir-155-5p,hsa-mir-26b-5p,hsa-mir-4426,hsa-mir-4462b,hsa-mir-4647,hsa-mir-32-5p,hsa-mir-92b-3p,hsa-mir-98-5p and hsa-mir-93-5p,respectively.Conclusion In this study,a total of 277 differen-tially expressed genes are screened for possible involvement in the development of UC,and 10 hub genes and 12 miRNAs are identified as possible biomarkers for UC.

Multiple thrombosis in the coronary arteries need to be characterized by a thorough determination of the source of the thrombus to distinguish them as thrombosis or coronary embolism.This case was a 38-year-old male patient with chest pain and an electrocardiogram showing acute inferior wall and right ventricular myocardial infarction.Emergency coronary angiography showed thrombosis in the proximal middle of the left anterior descending artery,the opening of the first diagonal artery,and the middle of the right coronary artery,but no obvious stenosis was seen.Postoperative electrocardiogram showed acute inferior wall,right ventricular and anterior wall myocardial infarction,and intensive antithrombotic treatment was applied,elective re-examination of coronary angiography and intraluminal imaging showed mixed plaques and suspicious intimal dissection,indicating the possibility of thrombosis secondary to unstable plaque and coronary dissection,and intensive drug treatment was given.After discharge,the patient was stable during the regular follow-up visits.

Objective:To explore the protective mechanism of Xuebijing injection (referred to as Xuebijing) on sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:① Animal experiments: 100 mice were randomly(random number) divided into 4 groups, including sham operation (Sham) group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, CLP+low-dose Xuebijing (L-XBJ) group, and CLP+high-dose Xuebijing (H-XBJ) group. The survival rate, lung histological changes, lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, cell count and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), inflammatory factors levels in serum, oxidative stress indicators, cell apoptosis, and key proteins of HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway were measured. ② Cell experiments: Mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) were cultured in vitro and divided into 6 groups, including control (Con) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, LPS+L-XBJ group, and LPS+H-XBJ group, LPS+H-XBJ+ dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG, HIF-1α activator) group, LPS+H-XBJ+ 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2, HIF-1α inhibitor) group. The effects of Xuebijing on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis and their relationship with HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway were detected.Results:Xuebijing increased the survival rate of mice with sepsis-associated ARDS, relieved lung tissue damage [lung injury score: CLP group (8.778±0.588), CLP+L-XBJ group (5.833±0.310), and CLP+H-XBJ group (4.750±0.246)], alleviated lung W/D ratio, and decreased pneumonia cell infiltration and protein exudation (all P<0.05). Additionally, Xuebijing treatment also diminished the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) depletion, and cell apoptosis in LPS-induced MH-S cells and CLP-induced sepsis-associated ARDS mice (all P<0.05). Furthermore, mechanistic investigation further clarified the effects of Xuebijing on inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis through the HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions:Xuebijing can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects by suppressing the HIF-1α/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby conferring protection against sepsis-associated ARDS.

Objective To explore the value of shear wave elastography(SWE)in the early assessment of hepatic and renal fibrosis in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Methods A total of 52 MAFLD patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 2023 to May 2024 were selected as MAFLD group,and 40 non-MAFLD patients treated during the same period were served as control group.General information,laboratory data and ultrasound data were collected and compared between two groups.The differences as well as the correlation of the indicators between two groups were compared.The value of SWE in hepatic fibrosis and renal fibrosis in MAFLD patients was assessed.Results Liver function indicators,uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)in MAFLD group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.01);There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in fibrosis 4 index,estimated glomerular filtration rate,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen(P＞0.05).The brightness of the liver,liver-kidney ratio,and liver elasticity value were higher in MAFLD group than those in control group(P＜0.05);There was no significant difference in the elasticity value of the right renal cortex between two groups(P＞0.05).Liver elasticity values was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase(ALT);The liver-kidney ratio was positively correlated with body mass index(BMI),ALT,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,y-glutamyl transferase and APRI.No significant correlation was found between the right renal cortex elasticity and BMI,estimated glomerular filtration rate,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,or serum uric acid.Conclusion SWE helps in early identification of liver hardness in the MAFLD patients.But the application of SWE in early renal fibrosis in the MAFLD patients needs further evaluation.

Objective: To investigate the current status and trends of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province, and to explore the primary related factors of depressive symptoms, so as to provide a scientific basis for strengthening mental health among students. Methods: A total of 279 382 students in Hunan Province were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling method from 2021 to 2023. National Survey Questionnaire on Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors among Students was adopted for the survey, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess their depressive symptoms. The χ 2 test and trend χ 2 test were used to analyze depressive symptoms prevalence and trends, and multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of depressive symptoms. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023 were 19.66%, 20.17% and 21.47%, respectively, showing an upward trend ( χ 2 trend =9.07, P <0.01). In addition, the results of the multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that students with healthy diet ( OR=0.43, 95%CI =0.40-0.45), adequate sleep ( OR=0.88, 95%CI =0.86-0.90), and acceptable screen time ( OR=0.61, 95%CI =0.60-0.62) had lower risks in depressive symptoms detection, while students with smoking ( OR= 1.95, 95%CI =1.88-2.02), secondhand smoke exposure ( OR=1.33, 95%CI =1.30-1.36) and Internet addiction ( OR= 4.19 , 95%CI =4.05-4.34) had higher risks in depressive symptoms detection, with differences in the degree of association among different genders, educational stages and urban rural groups ( OR=0.40-6.04, Z =-12.69-11.98) ( P <0.05). Conclusions There is an increasing trend of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023.Targeted depression prevention measures should be taken for students with different demographic characteristics to promote their mental health.