Objective To analyze the relationship between follow-up service, personal characteristics, lifestyle and blood sugar management of diabetic patients in Gansu Province, and put forward scientific suggestions on influencing blood sugar management of diabetic patients. Methods Based on the data of the 6th National Health Service Questionnaire, 273 subjects were included. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the blood glucose control and its influencing factors of diabetic patients. Results A total of 39.56% patients' blood sugar status was well controlled. 76.92% patients signed up for family doctor service, and 77.66% patients took hypoglycemic drugs according to the law of doctor's advice. There were significant differences in blood sugar control among patients in different regions, educational levels and occupational types (P <0.05) , logistic regression analysis showed that Hui patients (OR=0.21), doctors without family contract (OR=2.86) and patients taking hypoglycemic drugs intermittently (OR = 6.58). Conclusion The blood sugar control rate of diabetic patients in Gansu is low, and the nationality, contracted family doctors and medication plan affect the blood sugar control level of patients. In order to ensure the high efficiency of follow-up treatment, the related follow-up services provided by primary medical institutions, it is necessary to provide self-management programs that meet the individual characteristics and meet the needs of the disease.