OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use and standard management of antibiotics. METHODS:The relevant information for antibiotics used in the inpatients of our hospital involved in antibiotics special rectification during 2011 to 2014 were extracted from hospital information system,and the relevant data of antibiotics use were analyzed statistically. The changes of several indicators in the inpatients of our hospital were investigated,including the utilization rate and amount of antibiotics,DDDs and the uti-lization rate of typeⅠincision antibiotics for prophylactic use. RESULTS:The ratio of consumption sum of antibiotics in total con-sumption sum were decreasing from 2011 to 2014. The utilization rate of antibiotics and of typeⅠincision antibiotics for prophylactic use were decreased significantly,decreasing from 77.30% and 47.57% in 2011 to 57.24% and 5.89% in 2014. The consumption sum of cefepime occupied the first 3 places in 3 years. DDDs of cefotaxime and cefoperazone/sulbactam occupied the first 2 places in 4 years. CONCLUSIONS:The development of“antibiotics special rectification activities”have achieved remarkable results in our hospi-tal,the various index of antibiotics in the inpatients have been obviously improved,and clinical application of antibiotics become more reasonable,which lay a good foundation for continuous improvement of clinical application and management of antibiotics.

Objective To approach the relationship of overweight and obesity with risk factors of cardiovascular disease such as blood pressure, plasma lipid and blood glucose. Methods 1 499 of the institutions cadres were selected by Cluster sampling, and determined on their height, weight, waist, hip, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and plasma lipid. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in 1 499 adult was 49.9%, and it was higher in male (65.7%) than in female (33.5%) (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of applying XF-9801 type of anesthetics waste gas absorber, an activated carbon filter,to removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and fluoride. Methods Thirty patients, undergoing general anesthesia with enflurane or isoflurane/nitrous oxide, were enrolled in this study.The gas samples were taken at the waste gas outlet of anesthetic machine,to identify the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and fluoride before and after the application of anesthetics waste gas absorber. Results Compared with those before the absorber application, nitrogen oxides and fluroide concentrations in anesthetic waste gas decreased significantly following the absorber application (P

Objective To investigate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Changsha,and take intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis and fracture.Methods A total of 278 HIV-infected patients and 154 cases of healthy adults from March 2011 to May 2015 were selected.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to detect BMD,T-score and Z-score of all the research objects,including the whole body,lumbar spine (L2～4),and left hip joint.The height and weight were measured at the same time.Results The HIV infection group had an average age of (31.53 ± 8.56) years old,and the healthy control group was (34.45 ± 8.22) years old.Height between two groups had no significant difference.The average weight of HIV infection group was 6.93 kg [95％ CI,-9.01,-4.97;P ＜0.001] lighter than that in the normal control group.BMD,T-score and Z-score of HIV infection group were significantly lower than those in norrmal control group (P ＜ 0.001).The occurrence rate of osteopenia (Z ≤-1.0)and osteoporosis (Z ≤-2.0)in HIV infection group were correspondingly 43.53％ ～ 54.68％ and 9.71％ ～23.74％,which is about 4 times of that in the healthy control group (14.28％ ～ 20.13％,0.65％ ～ 5.84％).Conclusions The average body weight of HIV-infected patients was significantly lower than that of normal control group,and the incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected group was significantly higher than that in normal control group.

Objective:To investigate the effect of dosages of propofol on pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction(HPV) reaction. Method:Isolated rat lungs were perfused with whole blood at the rate of flow 10ml/min and ventilated with air+4％CO_2(n=5) or 3％ O_2+4％CO_2+93％ N_2(mixed gas, n=11).PAP was measured continuously during the whole procedure. Result:PAP decreased significantly in air+4％ CO_2 ventilation following administralion of propofol 4 mg/kg,6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg respectively.The varied degrees at 6 mg/kg and 8mg/kg were even more marked than that at 4mg/kg. When mixed gas was ventilated into lung, PAP increased from 1.60+0.23kPa to 2.384?0.31kPa to produce HPV,PAP decreased abruptly in HPV rats when administered 4mg/kg, 6mg/kg and 8mmg/kg propofol respectively and HPV reaction was inhibited by 47％, 867％and 71％ respectively,the inhibition extent was more at 6mg/kg or 8mg/kg than that at 4mg/kg. Conclusion:Propofol can decrease PAP and inhibite HPV in dose-dependent way.

Biopsy, Needle ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Specimen Handling

Objectives:To study the pathological behavior and the value of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) in predicting prognosis in pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease.　Methods:Lung tissues from 29 patients with congenital heart diseases associated with pulmonary hypertension were examined by surgical biopsy of the lung. All samples were examined for the expression and localization of TGF-β1 by immunohistochemical technique with anti-TGF-β1 antibody.　Results:Twenty-six out of 29 showed positive staining of intracellular endotheliocyte TGF-β1(89.65%),16 samples showed extracellular matrix TGF-β1 staining(55.17%).Statistically, there was significant difference between Ⅰ～Ⅱ and Ⅲ～Ⅵ pathological degrees in extracellular matrix(P<0.05).　Conclusions: TGF-β1 plays an important biological role in the formation of pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart disease. It is conductive in predicting prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of adefovir resistance related mutations in hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcription (RT) region on the viral replication and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion. Methods Twelve adefovir treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who experienced a viral breakthrough were enrolled in this study. The RT region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using HBV DNA extracted from sera as the template. PCR products were then sequenced and analyzed to find out mutation patterns. Full-length HBV genome was amplified from 4 representative serum samples followed by direct sequencing. The dominant strain was cloned into vector PHY106 to construct a recombinant plasmid containing the 1.1 unit of HBV genome Which was transfected into Huh7 cells. HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), meanwhile intracellular HBV DNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore strain harboring rtA181T/sW172 · mutation and strain without rtA181 mutation were cotransfected into Huh7 cells. HBsAg and intracellular HBV DNA were also determined after transfection. Results Ten out the 12 patients enrolled in this study exhibited mutations conferring resistance to adefovir. The rtA181T mutation was detected in 5 cases, and the rtA181T/S+rtN236T mutation was observed in 4 cases. Different mutants showed variable HBsAg secretion competency in vitro. Despite the defect of HBsAg secretion of the rtA181T/sW172 · mutant, the replication efficiency was almost the same in different mutants. When the strains with and without rtA181 mutation were cotranfected into cells, the HBsAg level increased in accordance with the amount of stains without rtA181 mutation. However, the intracellular HBV DNA level was not changed significantly. Conclusions The rtA181 mutation is common in patients with adefovir resistance, of which the rtA181T mutation is the major pattern. In vitro analysis reveals that the rtA181T/sW172 · mutant is defective in HBsAg secretion which could be rescued by coexistence of wild-type strains. The replication efficiency in various mutants shows no obvious differences.

Objective To investigate the effects of high-fat diets and rosiglitazone treatment on the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) in skeletal muscle of aged rats. Methods Male wistar rats aged 21-23 months were randomly divided into old control group (OC; n=20), high-fat diets group (HF; n=20) and high-fat diets plus rosiglitazone treatment group (RSG; n=20). Male wistar rats aged 4-5 months were selected as young control group (YC; n=20). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique at the end of the 4th and 8th week. The expressions at mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α and Mfn2 in skeletal muscle were determined by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting technique. Results (1)After 8 weeks, the levels of free fatty acid [(0. 68±0. 18)mmol/L, (0.82±0. 23) mmol/L and (1. 53±0.40) mmol/L], triglyceride [(0.53±0.13) mmol/L,(0. 63±0. 17) mmol/L and (1.08±0.30) mmol/L]and muscle triglyceride [(1.09±0.17) mmol/L,(1.34±0. 20) mmol/L and (2.07±0. 30) mmol/L]in YC group, OC group and HF group were significantly increased and glucose infusion rate [(30.4±4. 2) mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1), (20.9±2.2) mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1) and (12. 0±1.9) mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)]was significantly decreased as compared with pre-high fat diet, respectively. The levels of fasting free fatty acid [(0.93±0.29) mmol/L], triglyceride [(0.62±0.12) mmol/L]and music triglyceride [(1.68±0.28) mmol/L]in RSG group were significantly decreased and glucose infusion rate [(16.7±1.7) mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)]was significantly higher than in HF group. (2)In skeletal muscle, the expressions at mRNA and protein levels of PGC-1α and Mfn2 decreased in OC group compared with YC group (all P<0.01). The expressions of PGC-1α and Mfn2 were lower significantly in HF group than in OC group, and were higher significantly in RSG group than in HF group (all P<0.01). Conclusions The aged rats fed the high-fat diets develop insulin resistance with decreased expressions of PGC-1α and Mfn2 in skeletal muscle. Insulin sensitivity is improved with rosiglitazone treatment by increasing expressions of PGC-1α and Mfn2 in skeletal muscle.

AIM: To construct a knock-out vector for ?~(maj) & ?~(min) gene of ?-globin gene and establish embryonic stem cell lines by gene knock-out in ES level for generating gene knock-out animal model. METHODS: Two homologous sequences 1.7 kb and 7.0 kb were inserted into basic plasmic vector pNTK, which contains positive and negative selection system of the neomycin resistance (Neo) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) resistant gene to construct a gene knock-out recombinant plasmic vector nominated ?-pNTK, which was certified by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme digested and DNA sequencing. The ?-pNTK that contains two homologous sequence was linearized with Sal I and introduced into the D3 line of ES cells by electroporation. Positive cloning of ES cells was selected with positive and negative selection system of G418 600 mg/L and 2.5 mol/L Gancyclovir for four weeks. ES cells clone were picked, explanded and certified by polymerase chain reaction, Southern blotting. Examination of the undifferentiated state and pluripotential characteristics of the cell lines were made with the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining and embryoid bodies formation test and teratomas formation in nude mice. RESULTS: A knock-out recombinant plasmic vector for ? maj & ? min gene of ?-globin gene, ?-pNTK, was constructed in C129 mouse, which contains 8.7 kb length inserted homologous sequence and deleted most part of the ?~(maj) & ?~(min) gene. 8 strains of positive ES cells cloning were obtained, all of them were testified positive with polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting. The results of AKP staining, embryoid bodies formation in vitro and teratomas formation in nude mice showed undifferentiated state and pluripotential characteristic of cell line. CONCLUSIONS: A knock-out recombinant plasmic vector of ?~(maj) & ?~(min) of ?-globin gene in C129 mouse was constructed, in which a knock-out ?~(maj) & ?~(min) gene of ?-globin gene ES-D3 cell line was established by electroporation, characterization of these cells show a prospect utility in producing gene knock-out mice in blastocysts stages.