Objective:To observe the expression of cytokine receptor in neuron and astrocyte of the hippocampus of rats in depression. Methods:The depression model was produced by separation and un-predicted mild stressors. The behavior was measured by open -field test.The rats acceived electric convulsive therapy(ECT) or modified electric convulsive therapy (MECT)treatment. The expression of cytokine receptor in neuron and astrocyte of the hippocampus was observed by the immunofluorescence detection technique. Results:There were significant differences among the stress and ECT group ,the stress and MECT group and the stress and shame-electroshock group in the two test. Conclusion:Both the ECT and the MECT treatment can promote the expression of cytokine receptor in neuron and astrocyte of the hippocampus of rats in depression. The cytokine(CK)may play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanism of depression. And the MECT treatment may be more effective than the ECT treatment.

Anhedonia is the loss of pleasure or lack of reaction to pleasurable stimuli, which is a promising phenotype of depression. In order to explore the potential biological mechanism, the recent ad?vances were summarized from researches focused on depression with anhedonia from neuroanatomy,inflamma?tion and immunology,and molecular genetics. The structural and functional brain imaging showed that the ac?tivity in reward?related brain regions of the depressive disorder with an anhedonia was changed during re?ward?related tasks.In addition,some other genetic studies based on the related neurotransmitter,such as do?pamine, together with the findings from the researches on immunological inflammation, may shed light on finding the potential targets for novel antidepressants,besides the 5?HT.

BACKGROUND:Plastic as a durable,inexpensive,easy to manufacture organic synthetic polymer materials are widely used.At the same time,plastic resistance to high temperatures,acid and alkali resistance,corrosion-resistant properties make it difficult to degrade in nature,and ultimately forming a huge number of microplastic pollution threatening human health. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of microplastic exposure on growth and development and hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. METHODS:Twenty C57BL/6J male mice were adaptively fed for one week,and then randomly divided into normal and microplastic groups(n=10 per group).Mice in the normal group were given a normal diet and water,for 4 weeks.Mice in the microplastic group were given a normal diet and free drinking of microplastic(polystyrene)water with a concentration of 1 000 μg/L,for 4 weeks.At 2 and 4 weeks of drinking,body mass and grip strength,blood lipids and liver and kidney function,ultrasonic morphology and pathological morphology of liver and lipid deposition were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the extension of time,the body mass of mice in the two groups gradually increased,and the body mass of mice in the microplastic group was greater than that in the normal group after 2,4 weeks of drinking water(P<0.05).With the extension of time,the grip strength of mice in the normal group gradually increased,and the grip strength of mice in the microplastic group first decreased and then increased,and the grip strength of mice in the microplastic group was lower than that in the normal group after drinking water for 4 weeks(P<0.05).(2)Liver ultrasound examination showed that compared with the normal group,the ultrasonic echo signal of the liver in the microplastic group was enhanced after 2 and 4 weeks of drinking water.(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the morphology of liver cells in the microplastic group did not change significantly after 2 and 4 weeks of drinking water,but inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen.Oil red O staining showed that obvious lipid deposition was observed in the liver of microplastic group after 2 and 4 weeks of drinking water.(4)Compared with the normal group,the levels of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and aspartate aminotransferase in the microplastic group were decreased after 2 weeks of drinking water(P<0.05),and the serum triacylglycerol concentration was decreased after 4 weeks of drinking water(P<0.05).(5)These findings confirm that microplastics may cause weight gain,loss of physical strength,and abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism in mice.

Objective:To explore the inhibitory effect of Tangshenping (TSP) on pyroptosis in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model.Methods:DN was established in Sprague-Dawley rats.Rats were randomly divided into DN (model group),irbesartan,and TSP low-,medium-,and high-dose groups,besides the control group.The 24 h albuminuria content,and serum content of TC,TGs,Scr,IL-1β,UREA,LDLs,and IL-18 were assessed.Hematoxylin & eosin and Mallory staining were performed to examine pathological changes in the kidney.The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3,caspase 1,and GSDMD in the kidney were also examined.Results:The 24 h albuminuria content was obviously lower in the treatment groups compared to the model group (all P ＜.01).Levels of TC,TGs,Scr,UREA,LDLs,and IL-18 after drug interventions were obviously lower compared to the model group (all P ＜.05).The serum content of IL-1β in the TSP me-dium-and high-dose groups were much lower compared to the model group (P =.013 and P =.001,respectively).Through immunohistochemistry and western blotting,we observed that the protein ex-pressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,GSDMD,IL-1 β,and IL-18 were lower after drug interventions compared to the model group (all P ＜.05).Using qPCR,we observed that the mRNA expressions of caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18,and GSDMD after drug interventions were significantly lower compared to the model group (all P ＜.05).The mRNA expressions of NLRP3 in the TSP medium-and high-dose groups were both lower compared to the model group (all P ＜.05).Conclusion:TSP downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,and GSDMD.Our findings demonstrate that the beneficial effects of TSP on renal function are at least partly mediated by the inhibition of micro-inflammation and modulation of the expression of pyroptosis-related factors.

Objective:To investigate the application value of small private online course (SPOC) based on the concept of outcomes-based education (OBE) in rehabilitation nursing training for elderly patients after lumbar surgery.Methods:A total of 46 clinical nurses in Department of Spinal Surgery in our hospital were selected as subjects, and they were divided into control group and observation group using a simple random number table, with 23 nurses in each group. The nurses in the control group were trained by the traditional teaching method, while those in the observation group were trained by SPOC teaching based on the educational concept of OBE. The two groups were assessed in terms of the effect of training, professional core competencies, and degree of satisfaction with the training mode. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly better overall evaluation [（89.52±5.07）vs.（86.48±4.13）], mastery of practical operation skills (91.30% vs. 65.22%), and proficiency in the operation of commonly used clinical instruments (95.65% vs. 80.95%)( P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly better score of the professional core competence scale than the control group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher degree of satisfaction with the training ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In rehabilitation nursing training for elderly patients after lumbar surgery, SPOC teaching based on the educational concept of OBE can improve the training effect of clinical nurses, enhance their professional core abilities, and increase the degree of satisfaction with training.