Objective To investigate the effects of micro alcohol on serum enzymes in vitro and vitro Methods Serum alcohol and ALT?AST?GGT?ALP?CK?LDH?AMY?LIPA activities were measured before and after alcohol consuming (1 ml/kg) in 14 volunteers Meanwhile, the direct inhibitory effects of alcohol on the serum enzymes were studied by comparing the serum enzyme activities with or without alcohol Results Alcohol consuming could depress the serum AST activity from (24 04?3 66) U/L to (22 25?3 27) U/L and LIPA activities from (155 86?93 51) U/L to (128 35?84 85) U/L, whereas increase the other serum enzyme activities, but only serum AMY were found statistic difference [from (48 78?10 66) U/L to (55 50?12 60) U/L] The inhibitory effects of alcohol on all the measured enzymes were found in vitro studies Conclusions Alcohol could obvious influence the serum enzyme activities both in vivo and vitro Avoiding the contamination of alcohol during sample collection and routine laboratory work is necessary

BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite can wel improve the brittleness and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite. OBJECTIVE:To study the biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite biomaterials with periodontal ligament cels. METHODS:Passage 4 human periodontal ligament cels at a density of 5×109/L were cultured with hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite as experimental group, and human periodontal ligament cels cultured alone as control group. Cel proliferation was detected within 7 days of culture; alkaline phosphatase activity was detected at 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture; and type I colagen expression was detected at 72 hours of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in the absorbance value of cels between the two groups at 1-7 days of culture. The alkaline phosphatase activity of cels at 48 and 72 hours was significantly higher than that at 24 hours (P < 0.05) in the two groups, but there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of type I colagen had no difference between the two groups. These findings indicate that the hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite biomaterial has good cel compatibility.

Objective To investigate whether functional electrical stimulation (FES) can improve the expression of proteins in the NMDAR1-pGLuR1 pathway so as to promote the recovery of motor function and sensation after stroke.Methods Eighty-one Wistar rats were used to make a photochemical brain model of local ischemia.Rats were randomly assigned into a sham, placebo stimulation or FES group.Rats in the placebo and FES groups had local ischemia induced in the M1 zone of the brain using the photosensitive dye Bengal rose.It was administered intravenously and a laser beam was then stereotactically positioned on the skull.The rats in the FES groups were stimulated for 30 minutes (10 minutes on, 10 minutes off, then 10 minutes on).The placebo group's treatment was similar, but without the electric current.The rats in the sham group received no intervention.The cylinder test and the adhesive-removal test were used to test the rats' motor function and sensation before the operation and before they were sacrificed.Cohorts were sacrificed after 3, 7 and 14 days of intervention.NMDA receptor and AMPA receptor were detected in the peri-ischemic cortex using western blotting.Results After 7 and 14 days the index of forelimb motor function in the cylinder test of the FES group was significantly better than that of the placebo group.The average adhesive-removal time of the FES group was also significantly faster compared with the placebo group.After 7 days the average expression of NMDAR1 in the FES group was significantly higher than in the placebo group.The average expression of GluR1 and pGluR1 in the FES group was significantly higher than in the placebo group after 14 days.Conclusion Functional electrical stimulation can improve motor function after ischemia through the NMDARAMPAR signal pathway, at least in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of c-fos protein in the dorsal root ganglion neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Seventy-two adult male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group NP,and dexmedetomidine group (group Dex).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 350 mg/kg.The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread in NP and Dex groups.In group Dex,dexmedetomidine 50μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day starting from the end of operation until the animals were sacrificed.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in S and NP groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 1 day before ligation (T0,baseline) and 3,7 and 14 days after ligation (T1-3).Eight animals were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at T13 and the dorsal root ganglions of the lumbar segments (L44) were removed for detection of c-fos expression (by immuno-histochemistry).Results Compared with group S,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,and the expression of c-fos protein was up-regulated at T1-3 in NP and Dex groups.Compared with NP group,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was prolonged,and the expression of c-fos protein was down-regulated at T1-3 in Dex group.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can inhibit upregulation of c-fos protein expression,thus attenuating NP in rats.

ObjectiveDiabetes is an independent risk factor for coronary artery bypasss grafting(CABG). Off pump coronary artery bypasss (OPCAB) experience in 251 cases was reviewed to determine whether diabetes wou ld be applicable in OPCAB procedures.MethodsConsecutive 251 patients underwent OPCAB over 12 month period. This study included 71 diebetic patients (DM group) and 180 nondiabetic patients (NDM group). Preoperative v ariables were compared between the two groups by univariate analysis.R esultsNo differences were found regarding the length of stay in cardio intensive care unit [DM group(2.4?0.3)d; NDM group (2.4?0.3) d;P=0. 386], and sternal complication (DM group: 5.7%;NDM group: 3.9%;P=0.511) . In hospital complications were as follows: death rate(DM group: 2.8%; NDM gr oup: 1.1%; P=0.680); stroke (DM group: 2 8%; NDM group: 1 7%; P=0 623 ); hemofiltratioin renal failure (DM group: 2.8%; NDM group: 0.5%; P=0.194); myocardial infarction(DM group: 0%; NDM group: 0.5%;P=1.000); blood using were more frequent in DM group comparied with NDM group (P=0.111). ConclusionOPCAB in diabetic patients is as safe as in non diabetic patients.

By studying the relationship between fingertip temperature changes and arterial function during vascular reactivity test, we established a new non-invasive method for detecting vascular function, in order to provide an assistance for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. We customized three modules respectively for blood occlusion, measurement of finger temperature and blood oxygen acquisition, and then we established the hardware of data acquisition system. And the software was programmed with Labview. Healthy subjects [group A, n = 24, (44.6 ± 9.0) years] and subjects with cardiovascular diseases [group B, n = 33, (57.2 ± 9.9) years)] were chosen for the study. Subject's finger temperature, blood oxygen and occlusion pressure of block side during and after unilateral arm brachial artery occlusion were recorded, as well as some other regular physiological indexes. By time-domain analysis, we extracted 12 parameters from fingertip temperature signal, including the initial temperature (Ti), temperature rebound (TR), the time of the temperature recovering to initial status (RIt) and other parameters from the finger temperature signal. We in the experiment also measured other regular physiological body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastiolic blood pressure (DBP) and so on. Results showed that 8 parameters difference between the two group of data were significant. based on the statistical results. A discriminant function of vascular function status was established afterwards. We found in the study that the changes of finger temperature during unilateral arms brachial artery occlusion and open were closely related to vascular function. We hope that the method presented in this article could lay a foundation of early detection of vascular function.
Adult ; Aged ; Arteries ; physiopathology ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnosis ; Fingers ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Skin Temperature

The adsorption and activation of dimethyl carbonate on the surface of solid base were investigated by in situ FTIR, and the solid bases included magnesia, magnesium fluoride, Mg-Al mixed oxide and fluorine-modified Mg-Al mixed oxide. The FTIR results showed that dimethyl carbonate adsorbed on the surface of solid based by two modes of bidentate and unidentate complex. The bidentate was more active than the unidentate. Methoxyl group was formed from the adsorbed dimethyl carbonate on the surface of magnesia and Mg-Al mixed oxide. And fluomethyl group was formed from the adsorbed dimethyl carbonate on the surface of sodium fluoride. However, dimethyl carbonate on the surface of fluorine-modified Mg-Al mixed oxide showed preference for generating fluomethyl group. With the increasing of the treating temperature of samples, the methoxyl group was gradually formed on the surface. Accordingly, the fluorine-modified Mg-Al mixed oxide was found to be an excellent catalyst for methylation.

Objective To study the effects of different types of exercise training on learning and memory, as well as on the expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and on postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in rats in which a model of vascular dementia had been created.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into a voluntary exercise group (V-EX) , a forced exercise group (F-EX) , an involuntary exercise group (I-EX) , a vascular dementia group (VD) and a sham-operation group (Sham) , with 8 rats in each group.Two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) of the arteria carotis communis was used to create a model of vascular dementia in all of the rats except those in the sham-operation group.Beginning one week after the surgery, the V-Ex rats were free to run in a running wheel.The F-EX rats were forced to run 270 m a day in an electric wheel.The I-EX rats were stimulated to imitate the gait pattern of their forelimbs running at 9 m/min three times a day for l0 minutes each time.No special training was given to the rats in the other 2 groups.Three weeks after the surgery, their learning and memory were tested using a novel object recognition test.Immediately after the test, their prefrontal cortex was sampled and the expression of SYP and PSD-95 was detected using western blotting.Results The average novel object recognition indices of the rats in the V-EX, F-EX and I-EX groups were all significantly higher than that of the VD group.Average PSD-95 expression was also significandy higher than in the VD group.Conclusion Exercise, whether voluntary, forced or induced by functional electrical stimulation can improve learning and memory in vascular dementia, at least in rats.The mechanism is possibly that the training can increase the expression of PSD-95 in the prefrontal cortex, though not SYP.

Objective:To investigate the association of muscle mass loss with atherosclerosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 322 patients with T2DM aged≥60 years old were divided into muscle mass loss group( n=152) and non-muscle mass loss group( n=170) according to their appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI). All participants underwent physical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry check, carotid and lower extremity ultrasound, as well as laboratory tests. Results:Among 322 patients, 49(15.22%) patients were suffered from sarcopenia and 152(47.2%) patients with reduced muscle mass. The carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis grades in the muscle mass loss group were significantly higher than those in the non-muscle mass loss group( P<0.05), with lower body mass index(BMI), T-score, ASMI, uric acid, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that carotid atherosclerosis and lower extremity atherosclerosis were risk factors for muscle mass loss while BMI and 25-(OH)D 3 were protective factors for muscle mass loss. There existed a consistency in carotid atherosclerosis grade and lower extremity atherosclerosis grade of elderly patients with T2DM( P<0.01). Conclusion:Atherosclerosis has a predictive value for early sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM.

Objective　To study the electrophysiological properties of sodium channels in the apical membrane of human nasal epithelial cells. Method　Nasal epithelial cells of human inferior turbinate from patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were cultured in serum free medium on collagen gel-coated membranes at an air-liquid interface and studied by a patch clamp technique. Results　In cell-attached patches, a typical single channel current with a conductance of 21.09pS and reversal potential of -50.96 were recorded. The permeability ratio PNa/PK was more than 5.80. In the presence of 10-4 mmol/L amiloride in the pipette, the incidence of sodium channels decreased from 26.67% to 5.13%. This revealed that a population of channels were inhibited by amiloride at a dose of 10-4 mmol/L. Ca2+ at dose of 10-3 mmol/L did not influence the incidence of sodium channels. There was no obvious association between voltage and the open probability of the channels. Conclusions　Our results indicate that most Na+ channels in cell-attached patches of human nasal epithelial cells are amiloride-sensitive and Na+ selective. Only a few channels are amiloride-insensitive. The channels were not activated by extracellular Ca2+ and the open probability followed a voltage-independent manner.