Objective To observe the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in CA1 area of hippocampus in vascular dementia rats. Methods 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group and model group. Meanwhile, each group was further divided into 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks subgroups (n=6). Vascular dementia model was established by blocking four vessels. The expressions of LC3II and MAP-2 protein were detected with immunohistochemistry in the CA1 area of hippocampus. Results The expression of LC3II significantly increased, and the expression of MAP-2 decreased in the model group compared with the sham group at every time point (P<0.001). The expression of LC3II was negatively correlated with MAP-2 at every time point in the model group (r=-0.723, P<0.05). Conclusion It may play an important role for the occurrence and development of vascular dementia that the expression of LC3II increased and MAP-2 descreased in CA1 area of hippocampus in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of human leukocyte-associated antigen-G (HLA-G) expression in silencing trophoblast cell line JEG-3 under normal and hypoxic conditions on invasion and proliferation of JEG-3 cells. Methods Inhibition of HLA-G expression in JEG-3 cells by transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA),the transfected JEG-3 cells were divided into 4 groups: normoxia control group, hypoxia control group, normoxia inhibition group and hypoxia inhibition group. The levels of HLA-G mRNA and protein in 4 groups of cells were detected by real-time quantitive PCR and western blot. The proliferation activity and invasion ability of 4 groups of cells were determined by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and invasion assay.Results (1) Real-time quantitive PCR technology showed: the level of HLA-G mRNA in the hypoxic inhibition group (0.220±0.050) was significantly different (P<0.05), when compared with that in the hypoxic control group (0.630±0.030) and normoxic inhibition group (0.400± 0.020). (2) Western blot analysis showed: the expression level of HLA-G protein in the hypoxic inhibition group was 0.260±0.010, statistically different from that in the hypoxic control group (0.850±0.100) and the normoxic inhibition group (0.560±0.020; P<0.05).(3) MTT showed: proliferative activity of JEG-3 cells in the normoxic inhibition group was 0.490 ± 0.070, the ability of cell proliferation was reduced. When compared with that in the normoxic control group (0.850±0.050), the differences was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proliferative activity of JEG-3 cells in the hypoxic inhibition group (0.330±0.070) was lower than that in the normoxic inhibition group (0.490±0.070), and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). (4) Invasion assay showed: compared with the normoxic control group (98±7), the invasive ability of JEG-3 cells in the normoxic inhibition group (73 ± 7) was weakened, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The number of transmembrane cells (52±11) of JEG-3 cells in the hypoxic inhibition group was lower than that in the hypoxic control group (72±7), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the normoxic inhibition group, the invasion ability of JEG-3 cells in the hypoxic inhibition group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Under hypoxia, using siRNA technology to down-regulate the expression of HLA-G may affect the proliferation and invasion ability of trophoblast cells, which may be involved in the occurrence of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.

Objective: To investigate the role of PRDM1 gene inactivaion in the regulation of C-MYC in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and to explore the correlation of its immunophenotype and prognosis. Methods: 100 cases paraffin-embedded DLBCL tissues were collected from January 2009 to December 2015 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University along with 20 cases of reactive proliferative lymph nodes as control. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of CD20, CD10, MUM1, Ki-67, bcl-6, PRDM1/Blimp1, C-MYC and PAX5 protein. The tumors were classified into two subtypes according to Hans classification.The expression of PRDM1 and C-MYC gene in tumor group and control group was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and the relationship between PRDM1 and C-MYC gene was analyzed.OCI-LY1 (GCB subtype) and OCI-LY3 (non-GCB subtype) cell lines were transfected with small interfering RNA by cationic liposome reagent transfection, and the expression of C-MYC in the transfected cell lines was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognostic significance of PRDM1/Blimp1 and C-MYC at protein and mRNA levels. Results: There were 27 cases of GCB subtype and 73 cases of non-GCB subtype according to Hans classification. The positive expression of Blimp1 in DLBCL group and proliferative lymph nodes in control group was seen in 26(26.0%) and 20 cases(100%), respectively. There were 58 cases with high expression of PRDM1 at mRNA level, including 22 cases of GCB subtype and 36 cases non-GCB subtype, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.004). There were differences in PRDM1 gene expression between the two immunological subtypes, serum lactate dehydrogenase (serum LDH) level, presence of B symptoms, tumor primary sites and other clinical pathological parameters, while C-MYC expression was different in gender, IPI score, and serum LDH levels. Upon PRDM1/Blimp1 gene silencing in the two cell lines, C-MYC protein and gene expression were up-regulated in the transfection group, compared with the blank control group and negative control group by reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analyses. Moreover, PRDM1 expression was significantly associated with C-MYC(χ²=7.648, P=0.006) at mRNA level. Conclusion The up-regulation of C-MYC gene expression induced by PRDM1 inactivation in DLBCL may play an important role for the development of DLBCL.PRDM1 protein and mRNA are associated with immunophenotyping and PRDM1 mRNA is a marker of poor prognosis.

Objective To observe the effect of patient controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)of remifentanil combined with butorphanol in high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)treatment of uterine fibroids or adenomyosis. Methods A total of 56 patients with uterine fibroids or adenomyosis treated with HIFU were selected.At 15 min before the treatment,1 mg of butorphanol was intravenously injected,and then a PCIA pump was connected.The PCIA solution was butorphanol 2 mg and remifentanil 2 mg diluted to 100 ml.The initial dose was 1 μg/kg,the basal rate was 6 μg· kg-1· h-1,the bolus was 1 μg/kg,and the lock out time was 1 min.The respiratory rate,heart rate,mean arterial pressure(MAP),oxygen saturation(SpO2), VAS scores,and Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at each time points,which were T1(at the beginning of surgery),T2(the vital signs were recorded every 30 min during the surgery,the mean values of the data were taken as T 2 values),T3(the end of surgery),and T4(30 min after the end of surgery).Additional medications and complications,such as dizziness,nausea,vomiting,respiratory depression were recorded,too. Results The operations were accomplished in all the 56 cases.The operation time was(97.8 ±44.7)min.As compared to the T1 time point,the MAP and SpO2during and after treatment at each time points had no significant differences(F=1.398, P=0.245;F=1.819, P =0.155).The respiratory frequency and heart rate during treatment significantly decreased as compared to before treatment(F=109.020,P=0.000;F=115.023,P=0.000).At 30 min after treatment,the respiratory frequency rose but had no significant difference as compared to the baseline(P=1.000).The heart rate also speeded up but still below the level at the beginning of the treatment,with the difference having statistical significance(P=0.002).Analgesia effective rate was 94.6%(53/56).The Ramsey scores were(2.4 ±0.5)points during the treatment,(2.2 ±0.5)points at the end of the treatment,and(2.0 ±0.2)points at 30 min after treatment.The sedation effect was satisfactory. Conclusion PCIA of butorphanol combined with remifentanil is effective and safe for HIFU in the treatment of uterine myoma or adenomyosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression level and clinical significance of miR-181c-3p and miR-5692b in esophageal cancer.

METHODSThe microRNA (miRNA) profiles of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed by miRNA microarray in 55 cases of esophageal cancer. The expression levels of miR-181c-3p and miR-5692b from 55 pairs of tumor tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were determined by qRT-PCR analysis.

RESULTSBoth miR-181c-3p and miR-5692b were significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Their expression was also significantly associated with tumor size, depth of invasion and clinical tumor stage (P<0.05). High expression of miR-181c-3p and miR-5692b were significantly associated with poor prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that high expression of miR-181c-3p and miR-5692b was poor prognostic indicators in esophageal cancer.

CONCLUSIONSThere are significant correlation between miR-181c-3p/miR-5692b expression, clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. They represent potential prognostic biomarkers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and molecular genetic changes of T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).

METHODSThree cases of T-LBL associated with LCH were included. The morphologic characteristics were reviewed along with immunohistochemical profiling using EnVision method and TCR gene rearrangement by PCR. A review of composite lymphoma previously reported in the literature was performed.

RESULTSAll three patients were male with the mean age of 61.7 years. One was Hans and the other 2 were Uyguers. All presented with superficial lymph node enlargement. Biopsy of lymph node showed two abnormal cell populations: distended sinus by large, pale histiocytes with nuclear grooves, and the interfollicular region containing immature-appearing cells with irregular nuclei slightly larger than that of small lymphocyte, dispersed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and scattered mitotic figures. These cells presented in aggregates and small sheets interspersed with normal-appearing lymphocyte. The histiocytes were positive for CD1a, S-100 protein and CD68. The lymphoma cells were positive for CD3, CD7, TdT and CD34. TCR-γ gene rearrangement was detected in one case by PCR technology. One case involved bone marrow with double phenotype acute leukemia. Amongst the 8 including 5 reported cases, there were 4 males and 4 females. The mean age of the patients and the median age were 54 years. Lymphoadenopathy was the most common presentation. Bone marrow was involved in 4 cases. The time of follow-up was 2 to 27 months. The median survival was 5.5 months and the one-year survival rate was 33.3%.

CONCLUSIONSDiagnosis of T-LBL and LCH should be based on typical morphology, immunophenotype and molecular genetic findings, with differential diagnoses including Langerhans cell hyperplasia originated from dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. When involving lymph node, extensive sampling supplemented by immunohistochemical staining is important to reach a correct diagnosis. Although coexistent T-LBL and LCH is clonally related, the understanding of its pathogenesis requires further investigation.

Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype and EB virus-related molecular genetic alterations in primary central nervous system diffuse large B cell lymphoma ( DLBCL) along with correlation with clinical prognosis.Methods A total of 30 cases of primary central nervous system DLBCL were retrospectively studied by retrieving clinical data, histological evaluation and immunophenotyping by EnVision two steps methods.The expression of EBER mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization and bcl-2, bcl-6 and C-MYC gene abnormalities were analyzed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.Results The cases included 18 males and 12 females ( sex ratio of 1.5∶1.0) with an age ranging from 24 to 78 years ( average age of 52 years, the median age of 53 years) .The single primary clinical presentation was focal neurologic deficits.Tumor locations were supratentorial ( 21 cases ) , subtentorial (7 cases), involving both locations in 2 cases.Diffuse growth pattern was observed with large lymphoid cells mostly resembling centroblasts with abundant basophilic cytoplasm with oval to round, vesicular nuclei containing fine chromatin.An angiocentric and angiodestructive growth pattern was also present.Other features included perivascular space invasion.Immunohistochemical staining using a panel of CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1, six cases were germinal center-like ( GCB) and 24 cases were non-germinal central-like (non-GCB).The positive rates of bcl-2, bcl-6 and C-MYC were 53.3% (16/30), 80.0%(24/30) and 20.0% (6/30), respectively.Genetic alterations were detected by FISH and the gene arrangement rates of bcl-2, bcl-6 and C-MYC were 3.3% (1/30), 16.7% (5/30) and 3.3% (1/30), respectively.There were 19 cases in stage 0-1 disease and 11 cases had stage 2-3 disease.Postoperative follow-up for average 13.6 months showed the median survival of 10 months, one-year survival of 46.7%and 16 patients died within a year.Conclusions The clinical prognosis of primary central nerve system DLBCL depends on age, clinical performence status score, IPI score, immune classification and treatment.Patients typically progress rapidly with the high mortality within one year of diagnosis.Surgical resection combined with high-dose methotrexate or cytarabine chemotherapy offer the best treatment option.

Objective To investigate PRDM1 gene methylation status , immune classification and their prognostic significance in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CD20, CD10, bcl-2, bcl-6, PRDM1/Blimp-1 and MUM1 was carried out in 100 cases of DLBCL specimens and 20 reactive lymphoid proliferation samples . All patients were classified into germinal center B cell-like ( GCB) and activated B cell-like ( ABC) subtype according to Hans′algorithmin. PRDM1 gene methylation was detected by methylation-specific PCR ( MSP ) and its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed .OCI-Ly1 ( GCB type) and OCI-Ly3 ( ABC type) cell lines were transfected by Small interfering RNA ( siRNA ) with cationic lipid reagent transfection mediated , and the PRDM1/Blimp-1 expression in before and after transfected cell lines were detected with reverse transcription -PCR and Western blot methods .The relationship between PRDM 1 gene methylation , clinicopathologic parameter and survival was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance .Results One hundred patients were classified into 73 (73%) cases of GCB subtypes and 27 (27%) cases of ABC.PRDM1/Blimp-1 was expressed in 21 DLBCL and highly expressed in 20 reactive lymphoid proliferation .PRDM1 gene methylation was detected in 23%(23/100) of DLBCL, while no methylation was detected in all 20 reactive lymphoid proliferation.The difference of the PRDM1 methylation status between DLBCL and the control samples was statistically significant (P=0.004).However, there was no significant correlation between the PRDM 1 gene methylation and clinicopathologic parameters ( P >0.05 ) .Reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot showed that PRDM1 gene expression was reduced in siRNA-induced group compared with blank control group and negative control group .One-way analysis of variance revealed that aged ≥60 years, performance status score above 3, and the presence of general symptoms were associated with significantly lower overall survival rate.Conclusions PRDM1 gene silencing with aberrant CpG methylation is probably one of the critical events in the oncogenesis of DLBCL .This may have important implications as a candidate marker for diagnosis and targeted gene therapy .Meanwhile in vitro siRNA transfected OCI-Ly1 and OCI-Ly3 cell lines confirm that PRDM1 gene is a suppressor gene in DLBCL and may represent a novel therapeutic target .

Objective To investigate the histological features and prognostic factors of angioimmunoblastic T?cell lymphoma (AITL). Methods The pathological data of 62 patients with AITL with complete follow?up information were retrospectively collected and analyzed from Changhai Hospital during September 2012 and September 2017. Histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination, in situ hybridization (ISH), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) gene mutation analysis were done. Subgroup evaluation with histology, IHC, ISH, SNP gene mutation, and association with clinical progression were performed. Results The cohort included 62 cases of AITL, including 46 males and 16 females patients, with a median age of 64 years. Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) area showed significantly expansion (≥30%) in 40 cases; increased plasma cells (≥10%) was seen in 37 cases; B cells were distributed around blood vessels in 37 cases; and increased p53 mutation positive cells (≥40%) were seen in 39 cases; high Ki?67 index (≥40%) was seen in 39 cases; RHOA mutation was seen in 19 cases; TET2 mutation was seen in 9 cases. Overall survival analysis showed these factors were significantly correlated with tumor prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that CD38 positive cells<10%, Ki?67≥40%, RHOA and TET2 mutations were risk factors associated with overall survival. Conclusions AITL could be divided into two different prognostic groups, low?grade and high?grade, with statistically significance outcome, based on the FDC area expansion, degree of plasma cell proliferation, B cells distribution pattern combined with gene mutations and clinical progression. Low?grade malignant group progresses slowly, and high?grade malignant group is highly invasive.

Objective: To investigate the histological features and prognostic factors of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Methods: The pathological data of 62 patients with AITL with complete follow-up information were retrospectively collected and analyzed from Changhai Hospital during September 2012 and September 2017. Histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination, in situ hybridization (ISH), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) gene mutation analysis were done. Subgroup evaluation with histology, IHC, ISH, SNP gene mutation, and association with clinical progression were performed. Results: The cohort included 62 cases of AITL, including 46 males and 16 females patients, with a median age of 64 years. Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) area showed significantly expansion (≥30%) in 40 cases; increased plasma cells (≥10%) was seen in 37 cases; B cells were distributed around blood vessels in 37 cases; and increased p53 mutation positive cells (≥40%) were seen in 39 cases; high Ki-67 index (≥40%) was seen in 39 cases; RHOA mutation was seen in 19 cases; TET2 mutation was seen in 9 cases. Overall survival analysis showed these factors were significantly correlated with tumor prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that CD38 positive cells<10%, Ki-67≥40%, RHOA and TET2 mutations were risk factors associated with overall survival. Conclusions AITL could be divided into two different prognostic groups, low-grade and high-grade, with statistically significance outcome, based on the FDC area expansion, degree of plasma cell proliferation, B cells distribution pattern combined with gene mutations and clinical progression. Low-grade malignant group progresses slowly, and high-grade malignant group is highly invasive.