Objective To investigate employment of non medicine majors in medical universities and colleges and to provide recommendations.Methods Investigation on employment intention of 2010 grade non medicine majors in medical universities and colleges in Guangzhou was conducted.SPSS 13.0 was used to establish database and results were expressed as constituent ratio.Results Most non medicine majors wanted to find a job rather than taking postgraduate entrance exams and civil service test.Realizing their own values was the main purposes of employment.Preferred employment areas were mainly concentrated in large city(71.08％)and urban city(18.67％).Students expect a monthly salary between 3001 and 4000.Conclusions Employment intentions of non-medical students in medical universities and colleges are rational enough and career planning education should be strengthened.

Objective To understand the short-term effect of practice skill training for general practitioners in Guangdong province and to provide scientific basis for improving the training strategy. Methods According to the training outline (Outline of job-transfer training for general practitioner in primary health institutions (trial))of the Ministry of Health,job-transfer training was provided for a total of 451 primary care doctors in economically undeveloped cities for one year. All trainees were investigated before and after training by questionnaire,which were designed by ourselves and included practical skill level and satisfaction degree.SPSS 13.0 software was used to do statistical analysis and data were processed by description analysis,t test,ANOVA and correlation analysis. Results Average self-evaluation scores of practical skills were 136.37 ±21.74 and 169.39 ±17.12 before and after training with significant differences (t=29.028,P=0.000). Scores of all types of practical skills after training were significantly higher than those before training (P<0.000 1). Total satisfaction rate was 91.6%and students were not well satis-fied with training environment and training guarantee. Fac-tors influencing the effect of training included educational background,professional title,doctors' de-sire of training,whether taking part in the general practitioner training or not. The effect of practical training was positively correlated with total satisfaction (r=0.162,P=0.037). Conclusions Remark-able results of practice skill training have been achieved. In the future,more chances for practice should be provided for trainees and contents of skill training should be designed according to the need of community health service,and more attention should be paid to the training project management.

Objective We reported 16 eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) patients with eosinophilic fasciitis and performed a systematic review of the literature to improve the disease awareness.Methods The clinical course of 16 patients with eosinophilic fasciitis at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were described,inclu-ding demographic data,clinical manifest-ations,laboratory tests,pathology and treatment.Results The mean age at diagnosis was (47±8) years,with 13 female and 3 male patients.Three cases had exertion or strenuous sports before the onset of EF.Positive ANA was noted in 6 of 12,positive RF was noted in 3 of 10,hyper-gammaglobulinemia was noted in 6 of 7,elevated IgG was noted in 8 of 13,peripheral blood eosinophilia was noted in 10 of 16,while thrombocytopenia was found in one patient.Conclusion Based on this and other reported cases in the literature,EF may be a kind of autoimmune disease.Genetic influence and environ-mental factors are involved in the development of this disease.Systemic involvement is rare.In general,corticosteroids and immunosuppressive are effective in EF.

Objective This paper aims to use components as the key factors to explore the feasibility of evaluation method about the learning effect of Web-based PBL.Methods We distributed a questionnaire to 101 students of clinical class of 2007 and 2008 grade in Guangzhou Medical University,and electronically distributed after 2 weeks.Cranach's α coefficient WaS used to evaluate intrinsic consistency reliability of the questionnaire.We applied principal axis factoring to extract components and to explain components which were orthogonally rotated by varimax.Multi-factor regression model Was simulated with key factors and the model's performance of fitting WaS tested.Results Multi-factor regression mode(WPBLSUM)=0.545 Collective collaboration capabilities+0.202 Self-learning and quest skills+0.137 linical reasoning and problem-solving capabilities+0.116 memorizing and understanding of medical knowledge.The coefficient of determination R2Was 0.998 and the corrected coefficient of determination R2Was 0.998.indicating that the model's fit results are obvious.Conclusion This paper demonstrates that using components as the key factors to simulate and assessing the Web-based PBL learning effect is feasible,which assesses the Web-based PBL learning effect well from four different aspects.

Objective To analyze the clinical data of diagnosis and treatment of Wegener' s granulomatosis (WG) in order to understand the nature of this disease. Methods The clinical data including clinical manifestations,laboratory findings imaging features,pathological changes and efficacy of treatment of 34 patients with WG admitted from January 2002 to March 2012 were analyzed.Results Of the 34 patients,male to female ratio was 18 to 16,and the average age subjected to WG onset was (45 ± 15)years old ranged from 18 to 81 years old.The average duration before the diagnosis confirmed was ( 140 ±72) mouths,while 29.4％ was diagnosed within 3 months. The presenting symptoms included initial involvements in lung (41.1％),nose (38.2％ ),eyes ( 11.7％ ),ear (8.8％ ) and constitutional symptoms such as fever (26.4％ ). Throughout the whole disease course,the incidence of systemic impairments were as follows:lung (76.4％),nose (73.5％),kidney (67.6),eyes (58.5％),ear (47.0％),nervous system (41.1％),oral ulcer (20.5％ ).Of laboratory findings,C - ANCA/PR3 -ANCA was positive in 61.7％ patients,P - ANCA/MPO - ANCA positive in 20.5％ patients,ANCA negative in 11.7％ patients,P- ANCA positive with MPO- ANCA negative in one patient (2.9 ％ ) and C -ANCA positive with PR3 and MPO positive in one patient (2.9％ ).Of imaging findings,nodules or masses were most commonly observed (34％), followed by fibrotic lesions (20.5％ ), cavitations ( 17.6％ )、opacities ( 17.6％ ).Typically pathological triad ( vasculitis,necross and granuloma formation)was found in one patient ( 4.3％ ),while two pathological changes of the triad occurred in 10 patients (43.4％). Pulmonary infection was highly prevalent (50％), and of them,20.5％ patients were misdiagnosed as tuberculosis,malignancy or abscess.After admission,high dose of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide were administered as bolus and maintenance therapy. Plasma exchange,intravenous immunoglobulin,and rituximab were added for refractory cases and optimal response were obtained in most cases.Conclusions Wegeners granulomatosis is a clinically complicated entity and sometimes can have progression,leading to misdiagnosis. Early and prompt use of steroids and cyclophosphamide may confer good therapeutic efficacy and avoid life -threatening complications.

Due to the subjective and objective constraints of universities in China,PBL Teaching Mode failed to gain its popularity in China's medical education.In its teaching reform,Guangzhou Medical University put forward a new teaching model--Web-based PBL Teaching Mode(hereinafter referred to as WPBL).by integrating the classical concept of PBL education with the real situation of the university and carried it out among students in bilingual classes of Clinical Medicine.The resuIts showed that by effectively overcoming the difficulties during the implementation of classical PBL teaching,Web-based PBL Teaching Mode not only succeeded in achieving the teaching objectives,but also improved the learning efficiency and utilization of teaching resources greatly by means of network technology.

OBJECTIVETo explore the technique of temperature control on the abdomen in penetrating moxibustion through observing moxibustion time on the abdomen, abdominal skin temperature and effect after moxibustion so as to provide the safe, effective and easily applicable method for penetrating moxibustion.

METHODSThirty-two patients were selected in an observation group, 32 healthy persons in a control group. In the observation group, the penetrating moxibustion was applied to the corresponding acupoint locations according to different symptoms. In the control group, moxibustion was used on the abdomen around the umbilicus. The skin temperature was recorded once every minute. The skin temperature of known heat sensation, the time of known heat sensation, the known reduced temperature, the time of temperature reducing, the skin temperature difference, the duration of penetrating moxibustion and the reaction of moxibustion from participants were recorded.

RESULTSThe differences in the skin temperature of known heat sensation, the time of known heat sensation and the duration of penetrating moxibustion were significant statistically in comparison between the observation group and the control group (all P<0.01). The differences in the known reduced temperature, the time of temperature reducing and the skin tem- perature difference were not significant (all P>0.05). The differences were significant statistically in skin rashes and moxibustion reaction (gastrointestinal peristalsis, chills, ant climbing feeling and hunger, etc.) between the two groups (P<0.01). The differences were not significant statistically in flushing, sweating and blisters (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSION(1) The level of temperature sensitivity in the observation group is lower than that in the control group. During penetrating moxibustion, the sensations such as gastrointestinal peristalsis, chills, ant climbing feeling and hunger appear easily, suggesting the positive self-adjustment in the body. (2) During penetrating moxibustion, the warm feeling is penetrated not just from the epidermis to the abdominal cavity and lumbar region, but also up to thehead and down to the knee. (3) The flushing, sweating and skin rashes are the important indices for the effectiveness of penetrating moxibustion. (4) The temperature control is the core technique of penetrating moxibustion. The penetrating moxibustion in 28 min to 32 min and the temperature controlled in 43 degrees C to 45 degrees C can solve the moxibustion smoky impact to the environment, but also relieve pains of the patients.

Abdomen ; physiology ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Skin Temperature ; Thermosensing ; Young Adult

Objective To compare and analyze the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia(DCI)after coiling and clipping of intracranial aneurysms, and explore the risk factors of DCI. Methods A total of 236 patients with aneurysms diagnosed by CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were enrolled in this study from March 2011 to May 2014. Patients were divided into clipping group(n=135) and coiling group(n=101). The clinical characteristics were compared between two groups, including gender, age, medical history, GCS score, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade, WFNS grade, aneurysm location, prognosis and incidence of DCI. Risk factors for DCI were investigated by Logistic regression analysis. Results DCI was occurred in 36 patients (26.7%) underwent clipping operation while in 11 patients (10.9%) underwent coiling operation. The incidence was significantly higher in clipping group compared with that of coiling group (P <0.01). The patients were followed up for 6 months. The poor prognosis rates were 17.0%and 25.7%in clipping group and coiling group, respectively (P>0.01). The overall mortality was 11.0%, the former had a lower mortality rate (5.9% vs. 17.8%, P <0.01). According to Logistic regression analysis, Fisher Grade 3-4, postoperative pulmonary infection and surgical procedure were independent risk factors for DCI (P<0.01). Conclusion DCI is one of the most significant factors for high fatality and morbidity of postoperative aneurysm patients. There is a low occurrence of DCI after coiling compared with that of clipping. If we pay more attention to risk factors associated with the DCI, it will improve the prognosis of postoperative aneurysm patients greatly.

Objective:To understand the utilization situation of community health service institutions, the awareness of basic public health items and the degree of satisfaction of residents in Guangzhou City, so as to provide direction and reference for improving the quality of community health service in Guangzhou City.Methods:In December 2020, 1 050 residents in a district of Guangzhou City were selected by multi-stage random sampling method to fill out the questionnaire. Single factor analysis was used for Pearson chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis was used for multiple-factor analysis.Results:A total of 1 092 questionnaires were sent out and 1 050 were valid, with an effective rate of 96.2%. The average times of seeing a doctor or receiving other health services in community health service center in the past year were (4.60±4.10). The total awareness rate of basic public health services was 91.6%(962/1 050), and the total awareness rate of free public health services was 89.5% (940/1 050). The total scores of residents' satisfaction with community health service institutions were (4.61±0.75) points, among which the basic medical service scored the highest, and the institution facilities, system and basic information scored the lowest. Single factor analysis showed that 10 factors, such as type of medical insurance, preferred medical institution, walking time to community center and medical service time, were the influencing factors of residents' overall satisfaction. Multiple-factor analysis found that institutions and facilities, systems and basic conditions, basic medical services, medical expenses, the type of first-visited hospital were the four influencing factors of residents' overall satisfaction ( OR=21.294, 109.013, 18.203 and 20.989, respectively). Conclusion:The residents have a good utilization of community health services, and they have good awareness of public health service projects, but the residents' satisfaction with community health services still needs to be improved, especially in the aspects of facilities, equipment and service efficiency of medical staff.

The application and significance of learning method of self-evaluation and mutual-evaluation for practical teaching ofcurriculum were investigated. The practical teaching followed theory teaching in the curriculum plan, which applied grouping pattern to provide demonstration, practice and assessment. According to the technique points of practical teaching, the teachers established evaluation form and listed detailed points of self-evaluation and mutual evaluation. The focus was student assessment, including individual self-evaluation, subject-evaluation intra-group evaluation, external-group evaluation and teacher evaluation. 100 points were taken as maximum score, including 10 points in the self-evaluation from operator, 20 points in the evaluation from receiver, 20 points in the intra-group evaluation, 20 points in external-group evaluation and 30 points in teacher evaluation. Through practical application, it was found learning system of self-evaluation and mutual-evaluation had important significance in promoting mutual learning among students, improving students' learning enthusiasm and initiative, and helping teachers understand and improve their roles.