Fourteen H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIV) were isolated from sick chickens in China from 1998 to 2008. The sequences of the Non-structural(NS) gene of these isolates were determined by RT-PCR and sequencing, and the entire ORF sequences of NS1 and NS2 protein were obtained.-The homology of these nucleotide sequences and the putative amino acid sequences were compared with several classic reference viruses of H9N2. These isolates were proved to be highly homologous in NS gene (92.9%-99.9% identity) and all belonged to A/Chicken/Beijing/1/1994-like group in the Asia bird-swine branch of allele A of HS gene phylogenetic tree.-According to this study and previous reports of other researchers, NS gene of H9N2 subtype AIV in chickens of China is genetically stable and there is no enough evidence to support the establishment of other sub-lineages in chickens.

A novel technology is proposed for non-contact and real-time detection of atrial fibrillation using millimeter-wave radar.A 60 GHz PCR millimeter wave radar is used to continuously detect the chest echo signal of the subject.After signal acquisition,I-Q signal is generated through I-Q demodulation,and the signal phase information is extracted using effective points phase trend evaluation for obtaining the signals from oscillations in the chest wall,from which the respiratory signals and cardiac signals are extracted through digital filtering for the analysis of cardiac movement.Whether the atrial fibrillation occurs or not is determined by the characteristics of atrial fibrillation wave in the time domain.The effective points phase trend evaluation for extracting more accurate signal phase information and the time-domain method for real-time atrial fibrillation detection are the innovations of the study.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a detection accuracy of 99.2%in clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) on microglia/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS: Forty eight male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation control group, model control group and AS-Ⅳ group with 16 rats in each. Focal cerebral ischemia model was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) using the intraluminal filament. After ischemia induced, the rats in AS-Ⅳ group were intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg AS-Ⅳ once a day for 3 days. The neurological functions were evaluated by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the corner test on d1 and d3 after modelling. The infarct volume was measured by 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining on d3 after ischemia. The expression of M1 microglia/macrophage markers CD86, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, M2 microglia/macrophages markers CD206, arginase-1 (Arg-1), chitinase-like protein (YM1/2) and anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was detected by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of CD16/32/Iba1 and CD206/Iba1 was determined by double labeling immunefluorescence method in the peripheral area of cerebral ischemia. RESULTS: Compared with model control group, AS-Ⅳ treatment improved neurological function recovery and reduced infarct volume after ischemia ( CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that AS-Ⅳ ameliorates brain injury after cerebral ischemia in rats, which may be related to inhibiting inflammation through promoting the polarization of the microglia/macrophage from M1 to M2 phenotype in the ischemic brain.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use* ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy* ; Cell Polarity/drug effects* ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Macrophages/drug effects* ; Male ; Microglia/drug effects* ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins/therapeutic use* ; Triterpenes/therapeutic use*

ObjectiveTo investigate the objective characteristics of tongue manifestations in patients with coronary heart disease （CHD）. MethodsA total of 315 participants with CHD were recruited in the CHD group， and 211 healthy participants who underwent physical examination were recruited as the healthy control group. In addition， according to the common comorbidities （primary hypertension， carotid atherosclerosis， type 2 diabetes mellitus， fatty liver， hyperlipidaemia， heart failure， and cerebral infarction） in 315 participants with CHD， each comorbidity was classified into a group of comorbidities with that disease and a group of non-comorbidities. Tongue images were captured using a TFDA-1 tongue diagnostic instrument to characterise the tongue body （TB） and tongue coating （TC）， comparing the RGB， HIS， and Lab colour spaces in the chromaticity index （R， red； G， green； B， blue； H， hue； I， intensity； S， saturation； L， lightness； a， red-green axis； b， yellow-blue axis）， the tongue coating thickness index （per-All）， contrast （CON）， angular second moment （ASM）， entropy （ENT）， and mean （MEAN） in texture metrics. ResultsCompared with the healthy control group， the characteristic indexes of tongue body in CHD group showed lower TB-R， TB-G， TB-B， TB-I， TB-L and higher TB-H， TB-b； and the characteristic indexes of tongue coating in CHD group showed lower TC-R， TC-B and higher TC-CON， TC-MEAN， TC-H， TC-b （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with non-combined primary hypertension group， CHD combined primary hypertension group showed higher per-All， TB-G， TB-L， and lower TB-a， TC-a （P＜0.05）； compared with the non-combined carotid atherosclerosis group， CHD combined carotid atherosclerosis group showed higher TB-CON， TB-ENT， TB-MEAN， and lower TB-ASM （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with the non-combined type 2 diabetes mellitus group， CHD combined type 2 diabetes mellitus group showed lower per-All and higher TB-H （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with the non-combined fatty liver group， CHD combined fatty liver group showed higher TB-CON， TB-MEAN， TB-ENT， and lower TB-ASM and TC-S （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with the non-combined hyperlipidaemia group， CHD combined hyperlipidaemia group showed lower TB-S and TB-a （P＜0.05）； compared with non-combined heart failure group， CHD combined heart failure group showed lower TB-R， TB-G， TB-I， TB-L， and higher TB-a （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； compared with non-combined cerebral infarction group， CHD combined cerebral infarction group showed higher TC-CON， TC-ENT， TC-MEAN， and lower TC-ASM （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionCompared to healthy individuals， patients with CHD tend to have darker tongue colours and rougher TC textures. Compared with non-comorbidity participants， those with primary hypertension tended to be lighter tongue colour and thicker tongue coating， those with carotid atherosclerosis had paler tongue body， those with type 2 diabetes mellitus had thinner tongue coating， those with fatty liver disease had paler tongue body and whiter tongue colour， those with hyperlipidaemia and heart failure had paler tongue colour， and those with cerebral infarction had rougher tongue texture.

Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6–10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.

Whether direct manipulation of Parkinson's disease (PD) risk genes in the adult monkey brain can elicit a Parkinsonian phenotype remains an unsolved issue. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system to directly co-edit PINK1 and DJ-1 genes in the substantia nigras (SNs) of two monkey groups: an old group and a middle-aged group. After the operation, the old group exhibited all the classic PD symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, and postural instability, accompanied by key pathological hallmarks of PD, such as severe nigral dopaminergic neuron loss (>64%) and evident α-synuclein pathology in the gene-edited SN. In contrast, the phenotype of their middle-aged counterparts, which also showed clear PD symptoms and pathological hallmarks, were less severe. In addition to the higher final total PD scores and more severe pathological changes, the old group were also more susceptible to gene editing by showing a faster process of PD progression. These results suggested that both genetic and aging factors played important roles in the development of PD in the monkeys. Taken together, this system can effectively develop a large number of genetically-edited PD monkeys in a short time (6-10 months), and thus provides a practical transgenic monkey model for future PD studies.
Animals ; Brain ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Dependovirus/genetics* ; Haplorhini ; Phenotype ; Protein Kinases/genetics*

Leading by cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, bioactivity-guided fractionation of the EtOAc fraction from