As an important landmark, the posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus can help to locate numbers of significant signs such as maxillary artery and its branches, maxillary nerve and infraorbital nerve, infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa etc. in the endoscopic surgery for paranasal sinuses and lateral skull base. This article reviewed related researches about the anatomy and endoscopic surgery of posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus.
Endoscopy ; Humans ; Maxillary Artery ; Maxillary Nerve ; Maxillary Sinus ; anatomy & histology ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Pterygopalatine Fossa

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal aortic anurysm-intestinal fistula(AAA-IF). Methods The diagnosis and treatment of one patient with AAA-IF was reported, while a literateres review of AAA-IF was made. Results A 50 years old femal patient abmitted due to upper abdominal pain for two month, and an AAA was found in the explore laparotomy. The patient suddenly occurred severe upper abdominal pain accompanied with shock and massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding 13 days after the operation. The preoperative suspected diagnosis was AAA-IF. An AAA-IF was ound during emergent operation. AAA-IF resection with artifial vessel replacement, resection of the forth portion of duodenal and upper portion of jejunal were performed together. The patient recovered eventurely except high body temperature. After vigovous antibiotics therapy, the patient recovered. Conclusions AAA-IF is a rare disordor, the mortality can be as high as over 30%. The key points of redecing mortality are that the diagnosis and treatment should be in time; postoperative vigorous antibiotics should be given, because the AAA-IF patient tends to occur septic complications due to the communication occurred between the AAA and intestinal tract.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family, is well known for its endogenous antiangiogenic activity. The down-regulation or depletion of PEDF has been shown in many tumor tissues, and it was proved to be correlated with the prognosis of tumor. At present,the biological properties of PEDF and the mechanism of its anti-tumor activity have become a focus research, and it provides theoretical foundation to the treatment of carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of PD145065(non-selective endothelin(ET)receptor antagonist)on injured spinal cord and explore mechanisms of how ET plays a role in secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:Spinal cord of rat was traumatized by compression(50g,1min).PD145065 or vehicle was administered intrathecally 10 minutes before SCI.Alterations of spinal cord blood flow(SCBF),molondialdehyde(MDA),the total content of intracellular calcium(［Ca2+］i),Evans blue(EB),and water in spinal cord were inspected.Results:SCBF of injured area decreased obviously 5 minutes after SCI.SCBF was 75.23±9.21% of baseline 5 minutes after SCI,57.06±7.35% 2 hours.SCBF of adjacent area decreased lower.SCBF was 79.82±7.98% of baseline 30 minutes after SCI.SCBF of injured and adjacent areas did not recover 4 hours after SCI.The contents of MDA,［Ca2+］i,EB and water in traumatized spinal cord were significantly more than that of sham(P＜0.05)。PD145065 ameliorated SCBF of injured area obviously and abolished the decrease of SCBF of adjacent area.The contents of MDA,［Ca2+］i,EB and water in spinal cord of PD145065 treated group were significantly less than that of saline treated group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:PD145065 has protective effects on traumatized spinal cord in early phase.ET and its receptors may play a role in secondary injury following SCI by multiple pathways.ETA/ETB receptor antagonist may be useful in treatment of clinical SCI.

Objective To evaluate the primary outcomes of minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy. Methods There were 34 cases with single lumbar disc herniation treatment of tubular retractor access with METRx system and microdiscectomy(MMD group)and same cases with treatment of conventional discectomy(CD group).Operating time,blood loss,time of leaving the bed and length of hospital stay were compared in two groups.The postoperative wound pain was measured using a visual analog scale(VAS).The modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the outcomes. ResuIts The mean operating time was 65 min in MMD group,63 min in CD group.The mean blood loss was 34 ml in MMD group,85 ml in CD group.To compare in two groups,there was significant difference(P＜0.05).The mean time of leaving the bed after operation was 3.2 d in MMD group.5.8 d in CD group.The mean length of hospital stay was 5.8 d in MMD group.9.6 d in CD group.The mean VAS of the postoperative wound pain was 3.2 scores in MMD group,5.6 scores in CD group.To compare in two groups,there was significant difference(P＜0.05).There was one complication in MMD group,4 in CD group.Thirty-three cases got follow-up mean 8.5 months in MMD group.The success rate was 93.9%. Conclusion The minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy has the advantages on less trauma,safety,quickly postoperative recovery,and satisfactory outcomes.

Objective To study the relationship between expression of Caspase 3 and regression of hemangioma. Methods Caspase 3 expression was detected in 79 hemangiomas and 5 normal skin tissues by immunohistochemistry (SP). Results In 79 hemangiomas, the positive rates of Caspase 3 expression in proliferating, involuting and involuted phases were 52.4%, 91.2% and 83.3%, respectively. The expression of Caspase 3 in involuted and involuting phases was higher than proliferating phase( P 0.05). Conclusion Caspase 3 is involved in the converting of hemangiomas from proliferating phase into involuting phase. The activation of Caspase 3 may induce apoptosis of endothelial cells, thus leading to the regression of hemagioma.

Objective To explore the treatment effects of low molecular weight heparine (LMWH) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Random analysis were made on the clinical features and therapeutic effect on the control treatment group (CT) in 65 cases and LMWH treatment group (LT) in 77 cases.Results 70(90 9%) cases were cured in LT group,and 48(73 8%) cases were cured in CT group. The incidence of complications in the LT group (28 6%, 22patients 45 times) was significantly lower than that in the CT group (60%,39patients 79 times)(P

[Objective]To report the initial outcomes of occipitocervical fixation using plate-rod-polyaxial screw system and investigate whether this new system offers any advantage over other existing methods of fixation.[Method]Fourteen cases(male 9,female 5)accepted cervicooccipital fixation with plate-rod-polyaxial screw system.There were 3 cases of odontoid dysplasia with dislocation;spinal canal tumor in 3;2 cases of metastatic carcinoma with pathologic fracture of C_1 and C_2,rheumatoid arthritis with cervicooccipital instability,and fasilar impression;burst fracture of C_1 with oecipital-atlantal-axial instability in 1.Twelve cases had neck pain.Thirteen cases had neurological deficits in different degrees.JOA score was 12.4 on average.[Result]The positions of all screws were good.There was no complication related to inserting screws.All neck pain released.Fourteen-months follow-up was obtained on average in 13 patients.Cervicooccipital nonunion was in one case and its occipital screws were pulled out.Twelve patients had satisfactory fixation and got firm fusion.Ameliotate rate of JOA score of the neurological function was 63.0%.[Conclusion]These initial data indicate that posterior occipitocervical fixation using plate-rod-polyaxial screw system is safe and reliable,and satisfactory clinical outcome can be obtained.The system appears to offer some advantages over other existing methods of fixation.

The materal-neonatal safety and materal stress response were evaluated during intratheeal anesthesia. Method: Forty-two parturients(ASA grade 1 )were randomly divided into two groups: spinal group (n=21), epidural group (n=21). 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was given in spinal group; 12-15ml of 0.75 % bupivacaine was administrated in epidural group. Materal arterial samples were drawn before anesthesia,after anesthesia induction, after delivery and at the end of surgery; umbilieal venous samples were taken for measurements of blood catecholamine, sugar and lactate concentrations. Result; Compared with those before intrathecal blockade, plasma levels of catecholamine of two groups were significantly decreased in different periods during anesthesia (P0.05); there were not any significant differences between the two groups in neonate Apgar scores. Conclusion:Both of two techniques can inhibit stress response of parturients to cesarean sections and have no adverse effects to neonates when applied in proper management.