Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of endoluminal catheter-based ultrasonography on diagnosis of upper urinary tract diseases. Methods From January 1997 to December 2006,the clinical data of upper urinary tract of 68 cases who examined by endoluminal uhrasonography with a 10 MHz miniature ultrasound transducer and a 8 F outer catheter were reviewed.There were 30 males and 38 females aged 17-81 years with an average of 58 years.The renal pelvis and its surrounding structures were examined in 48 cases and the ureter and its surrounding structures were examined in 20 cases.The total of 73 sides had experienced by this technique.The accuracy of diagnosis with endoluminal catheter-based ultrasonography was evaluated by the pathology and clinical follow-up. Results The total success rate of the ultrasound probe introduced into ureter was 91%in 68 cases.In the pelvis group it was 96%(46/48)and the ureter group 80%(16/20).In renal pelvis abnomalities,the detectable rate of abnormal by ultrasonography was 89%(41/46).The total detectable rate in ultrasound probe group was significantly higher than that in other equipment groups(P＜0.01).The detectable rate of ultrasonography on ureter disease was 75%(12/16). Conclusion Endoluminal catheter-based ultrasonography is an effective,safe technique for the diagnosis of diseases in the upper urinary tract.

BACKGROUND:Traditional bladder repair methods have many problems such as damage to normal organ function and many postoperative complications. Tissue engineering technology provides a new way for bladder repair.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of constructing tissue-engineered bladder with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) nanoparticle-bacterial celulose (BC) composite scaffold with rabbit lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels.
METHODS:Rabbit lingual epithelial cels andmuscle cels were successively implanted onto the BC scaffold (control group) and VEGF-BC scaffold (experimental group). Six rabbits were taken to make bladder defect models and randomized into two groups: experimental group implanted with VEGF-BC scaffold carrying autologous lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels,and control group implanted with BC scaffold carrying autologous lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels. Specimens were taken from the two groups for urographic evaluation and histological examination at 3 months after implantation. Meanwhile, the urodynamic tests were performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The experimental group showed the relatively complete bladder, and the control group showed a smal-area filing defect of the bladder. The maximum bladder capacity and bladder compliance in both two groups were decreased after implantation, especialy significantly in the control group (P< 0.05). In the control group, it failed to build a complete epithelial cel layer, and the muscle layer and microvessels were formed a little. In the experimental group, the complete epithelial cel layer was formed, and a larger amount of muscle layers and capilaries appeared. These findings indicate that the VEGF-BC scaffold carrying lingual epithelial cels andtonguemuscle cels can be used to construct thetissue-engineered bladder.

Indexes of cardiovascular function and survival time were obser-vedin rats given the following antagonists respectively after scald injury: anti-p-endorphin serum at 10?l, Naloxone at 2mg, ICI174864 at 0.2mg, or TRH at 2 mg, and half of the doses were administered at 1, 2, 3h after scald. The results showed that the cardiac indexes (dP/dtmax, -dP/dtmax and LVSP)were improved, the decrease of mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) were delayed after the injections of anti-p-endorphin serum, naloxone or ICIi748e4, and survival time was significantly prolonged in anti ? - endorphin serum group. TRH had little effect on cardiac indexes, MAP and HR were maintained at high level at earlier period, but sharply sloped down in about 210 min after burn. The result suggests that intraventri-cular administration of anti-?-endorphin, naloxone or ICI174864 had much benefit on scald shock, but TRH was uncertain at least in the treatment of scald shock.

Objective To investigate the effect of simulated microgravity on the proliferation and differentiation of the human megakaryocyte cells in vitro. Methods The fourth generation rotating cell culture system (RCCS-4) was used to generate the simulated microgravity environment. The cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining method. The proliferation of cells was assessed by cell counting method and CCK8 method. The CD41+/CD61+ cells rate and the cells cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of thrombopoietin receptor (c-mpl) and transcription factors were detected with RT-PCR. Results After 24, 48, 72 h, culture under simulated microgravity resulted in a significant decrease in the cell number , proliferative activity, cells in the G2/M phase and levels of c-mpl mRNA expression in comparison with that under the normal gravity (P < 0.05). After 48 h and 72 h culture, CD41+/CD61+ cells ratio decreased and RUNX-1 mRNA expression was down-regulated in cells of the group SMG compared with that of the group NG (P < 0.05). Conclusion Microgravity can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of human megakaryocyte cells in vitro. The mechanism may be that TPO/c-mpl pathway was inhibited by down regulating the expression of c-mpl which transcriptional inhibition lead to.

Objective: To compare the application of Sofren injection in respiratory department before and after the intervention to provide reference for clinical application and pharmacy management.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of inpatients treated with Sofren injection, and then intervene the found problems.Comparative study of Sofren injection in respiratory department before and after the intervention was performed.Results: Among the 584 cases in the retrospective study, those with off-indications were 438 ones (75%), those with inappropriate solvents were 555 ones (95.03%), and those with improper course were 196 ones (33.56%).After the intervention in the clinical practice, the improvement rate of improper solvents was 98.70%, that of off-indications was 29.85%, and that of unsuitable course was 77.71%.Conclusion: Through comparative study on the main problems before the intervention and the effective performance of specific solutions, the application of Sofren injection in respiratory department is greatly improved, which provides reference for the special management of other drugs.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the biochemical enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rats.

METHODSHealthy 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 16 in each. DBP dissolved in peanut oil was administered by gavage at dosages of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/(kg x d). After 2- and 4-week DBP exposure, 8 rats in each group were killed, with certain organs selected and weighed. The activities of biochemical enzymes and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the levels of glutathione (GSH) in the serum and testis homogenate were determined respectively.

RESULTSDBP induced a rise in the liver organ body weight ratio, but a fall in the testis organ body weight ratio, and it was significant in the highest exposure group compared with the control after either 2-week or 4-week treatment (P < 0.01). After 2-week DBP exposure, GSHPx activities in the serum and GSH levels in the testis homogenate showed a decreasing tendency, but GSHPx activities increased markedly in the testis homogenate (P < 0.05). After 4-week DBP exposure, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum revealed an increasing tendency, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were inhibited significantly in both the serum and the testis homogenate at the dosage of 1000 mg/(kg x d) compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, GSH contents in the serum were also affected at this dose (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that DBP administration strongly affects the liver and the testis organ body weight ratios. Lipid peroxidation is one possible toxic mechanism caused by DBP. SDH may be one of the most sensitive toxic indices when exposed to DBP.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of di-butyl phthalate(DBP) on the sperm motility and oxidative stress in rats.

METHODSHealthy 6-week-old male Sprague Dawlay rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 in each group. DBP dissolved in peanut oil was administered by gavage at dosage of 0, 250, 500, 1,000 mg/(kg.d). After 4-week DBP exposure, the animals were killed and the organs were selected and weighed. The sperm VCL, VSL, VAP, BCF, ALH, LIN, MAD and STR in the cauda epididymis were assessed by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and testis homogenate were measured simultaneously. The increase of body weight per day and the organ body weight ratio changes of the liver, testes and epididymides were also observed.

RESULTSThe liver organ body weight ratios of the treated groups were higher than those of the control (P < 0.01), while the testis organ body weight ratios were lower at dosage of 1,000 mg/(kg.d) DBP. Compared with the control group, the parameters of rat sperm VCL and ALH declined significantly at dosage of 1,000 mg/(kg.d) DBP. In addition, DBP showed inhibiting effect on SOD activities in the testis, and it was significant in the highest exposure group compared with the control (P < 0.05). However, there were no differences in serum SOD activities between the treated groups and the control.

CONCLUSIONDBP exposure may affect the sperm motility and the anti-oxidative systems. The testis is a vital target organ influenced by DBP.

Animals ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects

Chronic kidney disease is a global public health problem, and its occurrence and development are closely related to the exposure of uremic toxins in vivo. Indoxyl sulfate is one of protein-bound enterogenous uremic toxin, it significantly accumulates in patients with chronic kidney disease as renal function declines. Indoxyl sulfate not only promotes the progression of chronic kidney disease, but also induces pathological changes in other tissues and organs, causing complications in other organs related to chronic kidney disease. This article mainly reviews the effect of indoxyl sulfate on blood vessels, muscle, skeleton and brain and their mechanisms, and summarizes chronic kidney disease treatment by clearing indoxyl sulfate.

Objective To investigate the effect of a three-tier delirium care management process in patients with acute stroke in neurology intensive care unit(NICU).Methods A total of 50 patients with acute stroke admitted to the NICU of the Fourth Hospital of Changsha from May to September 2021 were assigned to the control group.The patients in the control group received routine NICU nursing care to prevent delirium.Another 50 patients with acute stroke admitted to the NICU from December 2021 to April 2022 were assigned to the trial group.They were managed with the three-tier delirium nursing management process on top of the routine NICU nursing care for the control group.The incidence of ICU delirium(DICU),duration of DICU,length of stay in NICU and the incidence of delirium-related adverse events were compared between the two groups.The degree of delirium and cognitive function before and after the intervention were compared between the two groups as well.Results The trial group had significantly shorter duration of DICU and NICU stay(both P<0.05)and lower incidence rate of delirium-related adverse events(P<0.05)compared to the control group.After the intervention,the trial group showed significantly lower scores on the intensive care delirium screening checklist(ICDSC)and significantly higher scores of cognitive function compared to those of the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion The three-tier delirium nursing management process can lower the occurrence of delirium in NICU patients with acute stroke,shorten the NICU stay,reduce the safety risk in nursing,and improve the cognitive function.

OBJECTIVE To provide ideas and reference for the treatment and pharmaceutical care of infective endocarditis （IE） caused by Micrococcus luteus complicated with severe pneumonia. METHODS The clinical pharmacist participated in the treatment of a patient with IE caused by M. luteus complicated with severe pneumonia； all anti-infective treatment plans were agreed upon after the doctor invited the clinical pharmacist for consultation. After the implementation of the plan， the clinical pharmacist conducted pharmaceutical care of effectiveness and safety for the plan， including adopting suitable drug， adjusting the dose of vancomycin by using parameters such as steady-state valley concentration and creatinine clearance rate， monitoring renal function and adverse drug reactions. RESULTS IE caused by M. luteus was cured after surgery and full treatment with anti-bacterial drugs， the severe pneumonia was improved， and the decline of renal function caused by drugs and the primary disease were recovered； clinical pharmacists had ensured the effect of anti-infection treatment by assisting in the formulation of treatment plans and the implementation of pharmaceutical care， avoiding further renal damage and solving the problem of cefoperazone sulbactam- related drug fever. CONCLUSIONS IE caused by M. luteus is relatively serious， and the treatment drug can be vancomycin and rifampicin. During the treatment， it is necessary to monitor the renal function， and adjust the dose of vancomycin or change other drugs； anti-infection pharmaceutical care provided by clinical pharmacists can guarantee the effectiveness and safety of anti- infection plan， and avoid the occurrence of severe adverse drug reactions.