The increasing number of TCM standards brings challenges to the practice of standards development,revision and comprehensive management.Therefore,empowering standards with digital technology has significant strategic significance.This article proposed a modeling method for inter standard relationships based on entity-relation model by deeply mining and interpreting the information of TCM standard titles,constructed a relationship model containing 7 relationship patterns,and demonstrated the application scenarios of the model using standard retrieval as an example,with the purpose to provide support for machine reading and using standards,improving the efficiency of TCM standard retrieval,mastering target standard related resources,and promoting the digital transformation of TCM standards.

Objective To dynamically analyze the antibodies with regard to in vitro serum bacteri-cidal activity and the quantity of IgG in healthy adults received one dose of immunization with ACYW 135 me-ningococcal polysaccharide vaccine .To investigate the term of protection with polysaccharide vaccine and the correlation between bactericidal titer and IgG concentration .Methods Twenty healthy adults were given one dose of immunization with quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine .Serum samples were col-lected before and after vaccination at specific time points .Test for serum bactericidal activity ( SBA ) and quantitative ELISA were performed to detect bactericidal titers and IgG concentrations in serum samples .Re-sults Certain levels of antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of serogroup A , C, Y and W135 strains had already existed prior to immunization .Moreover, bactericidal titers against serogroup A , Y and W135 strains except serogroup C strain were relatively high .Specific IgG concentrations and bactericidal titers for all serogroup stains were significantly increased on day 15 after vaccination (P<0.05), and then sustained at a high level during a time period from day 30 to day 160.Both IgG concentrations and bactericidal titers dropped to the levels similar to that before preimmunization in about 3 years.No significant correlation was observed between bactericidal titers and IgG concentrations (r<0.3, P>0.05).However, a close correla-tion was demonstrated between GMTs and GMCs of serum samples (r>0.7, P<0.05).Conclusion The geometric mean titers ( GMTs) and geometric mean concentrations ( GMCs) of serum samples collected be-fore and after vaccination at different time points were reliable and consistent parameters for the evaluation of vaccine .The term of protection of quadivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was about 3 years upon a single dose of immunization .

Objective:To evaluate the value of DWI with background suppression (DWIBS) in evaluating the injury of the low limb nerves in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 30 patients with GBS and 30 healthy volunteers matched with their age and gender in Zibo Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients received lower limb nerve electrophysiological examination and all subjects received lower limb nerve DWIBS examination one week later. The display of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve after DWIBS image reconstruction in normal volunteers and GBS patients was scored by two senior radiologists. Kappa consistency test was used to analyze the consistency of the two senior radiologists′ scores. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and motor nerve conduction amplitudes of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve in patients with GBS among different DWIBS scores. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between DWIBS tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve scores and electrophysiological parameters in patients with GBS.Results:In the DWIBS images of 30 healthy volunteers, 60 tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves showed clear, sharp edges, good signal intensity, uniformity, and the scores were 4. The consistency between the two radiologists was good (Kappa value=1.0). In the 60 tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves of 30 GBS patients, 53 tibial nerves and 52 common peroneal nerves showed abnormal changes in varying degrees, including blurred edges, distortions, difficulty in recognition, and weakened signal strength, etc. The consistency between the two readers was good (Kappa value=0.879,0.863,respectively.).With the decrease of DWIBS score, the MCV and motor nerve conduction amplitude values of tibial nerves and common peroneal nervesin GBS patients decreased, and the differences between the score groups were statistically significant ( P<0.01). The scores of tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves in DWIBS were positively correlated with MCV ( r=0.83, 0.84, respectively, P<0.05) and motor nerve conduction amplitude ( r=0.81, 0.79, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion:DWIBS could provide a three dimensional visualization of tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves, and evaluate the disorders of peripheral nerves in patients with GBS. There has correlation between the scores of tibial nerves and common peroneal nerves in DWIBS with electrophysiology parameters.

Objective To prepare a human meningococcal reference serum and standardize IgG concentrations to capsular polysaccharides and in vitro bactericidal activities of the reference serum against serogroup A, C, Y and W135 strains.Methods Twenty healthy adults were recruited and given one dose of immunization with tetravalent (serogroups A, C, Y and W135) meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine . Plasma samples were collected and gone through a series of process treatments including defibrination , filtra-tion, and lyophilization to prepare the meningococcal reference serum Men 10.The IgG concentrations of Men10 to capsular polysaccharides of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 were calibrated by using an internation-al reference serum CDC1992 as the standard in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Provisional IgG concentrations of Men10 were intensively validated by testing a panel of 12 calibration serum samples from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , USA ( US CDC) and a panel of 56 serum samples immu-nized with A, C, Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine from Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.(LIBP) with the assays using Men10 and CDC1992 as the standard and/or test sam-ples, respectively.The bactericidal titers against serogroup A , C, Y and W135 strains were measured by se-rum bactericidal assay (SBA).Results Four thousand vials (0.5 ml/vial)of lyophilized human meningo-coccal reference serum Men10 were successfully prepared with 2.5%of residual moisture .Reference serum Men10 was sterile and free from contamination by hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C virus , human immunodefi-ciency virus and syphilis .Provisional IgG concentration of Men 10 to capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A, C, Y and W135 was calibrated by using CDC1992 as the standard.Furthermore, IgG concentrations of both panels of 12 CDC calibration serum samples and 56 LIBP serum samples calibrated by using Men 10 as the standard correlated well with those by using CDC1992 as the standard (r=0.99,P<0.05).The IgG concentrations of CDC1992 as calibrated by using Men10 as the standard showed significant correlation with its previously determined values with variation <10%.SBA titers for serotype A , C, Y and W135 strains were established as well .Conclusion A panel of new human meningococcal reference serum Men 10 with accurately calibrated IgG concentration against capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 as well as SBA titers was successfully established .

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the biochemical enzymes and lipid peroxidation in rats.

METHODSHealthy 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 16 in each. DBP dissolved in peanut oil was administered by gavage at dosages of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/(kg x d). After 2- and 4-week DBP exposure, 8 rats in each group were killed, with certain organs selected and weighed. The activities of biochemical enzymes and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the levels of glutathione (GSH) in the serum and testis homogenate were determined respectively.

RESULTSDBP induced a rise in the liver organ body weight ratio, but a fall in the testis organ body weight ratio, and it was significant in the highest exposure group compared with the control after either 2-week or 4-week treatment (P < 0.01). After 2-week DBP exposure, GSHPx activities in the serum and GSH levels in the testis homogenate showed a decreasing tendency, but GSHPx activities increased markedly in the testis homogenate (P < 0.05). After 4-week DBP exposure, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the serum revealed an increasing tendency, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were inhibited significantly in both the serum and the testis homogenate at the dosage of 1000 mg/(kg x d) compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, GSH contents in the serum were also affected at this dose (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that DBP administration strongly affects the liver and the testis organ body weight ratios. Lipid peroxidation is one possible toxic mechanism caused by DBP. SDH may be one of the most sensitive toxic indices when exposed to DBP.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of di-butyl phthalate(DBP) on the sperm motility and oxidative stress in rats.

METHODSHealthy 6-week-old male Sprague Dawlay rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 in each group. DBP dissolved in peanut oil was administered by gavage at dosage of 0, 250, 500, 1,000 mg/(kg.d). After 4-week DBP exposure, the animals were killed and the organs were selected and weighed. The sperm VCL, VSL, VAP, BCF, ALH, LIN, MAD and STR in the cauda epididymis were assessed by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and testis homogenate were measured simultaneously. The increase of body weight per day and the organ body weight ratio changes of the liver, testes and epididymides were also observed.

RESULTSThe liver organ body weight ratios of the treated groups were higher than those of the control (P < 0.01), while the testis organ body weight ratios were lower at dosage of 1,000 mg/(kg.d) DBP. Compared with the control group, the parameters of rat sperm VCL and ALH declined significantly at dosage of 1,000 mg/(kg.d) DBP. In addition, DBP showed inhibiting effect on SOD activities in the testis, and it was significant in the highest exposure group compared with the control (P < 0.05). However, there were no differences in serum SOD activities between the treated groups and the control.

CONCLUSIONDBP exposure may affect the sperm motility and the anti-oxidative systems. The testis is a vital target organ influenced by DBP.

Animals ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects

Objective:To analyze the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women in Taizhou City in recent years and the effect of immunization management of hepatitis B vaccine project on the status.Methods:The pregnant women hospitalized in Taizhou People′s Hospital, Taizhou Second People′s Hospital, Taizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Taixing People′s Hospital from 2014 to 2017 were enrolled. According to the HBV serological results, the pregnant women were divided into non-immune population, successful immunization population, previous HBV infection population, HBV infection population and atypical manifestation population. The year of immunization management for the implementation of the hepatitis B vaccine plan was 1992. The HBV infection status of the pregnant women was analyzed based on the year of delivery and vaccination status, respectively. Chi-square test and trend chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 31 449 cases were included in this study, of which 13 203 (41.98%) were non-immunized, 10 123 (32.19%) were successfully immunized, 6 409 (20.38%) were previous HBV infected, 1 566(4.98%) were HBV infected, and 148(0.47%) cases were atypical manifestation. The negative rate of all HBV serological markers of pregnant women born before 1992 and after 1992 (including 1992) were 42.07%(10 794/25 657) and 41.59%(2 409/5 792), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.44, P=0.51). The hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) positive rate of pregnant women born before 1992 was 28.95%(7 428/25 657), which was lower than 46.53%(2 695/5 792) of pregnant women born after 1992 (including 1992). The difference was statistically significant ( χ2=668.94, P<0.01), and showed an upward trend year by year ( χ2=602.11, P<0.01). The hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positive rate of pregnant women born after 1992 (including 1992) was 8.81%(510/5 792), which was lower than 22.99%(5 899/25 657) of pregnant women born before 1992, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=589.10, P<0.01), and the overall trend was declining year by year ( χ2=478.72, P<0.01). The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive rate of pregnant women born before 1992 was 5.46%(1 402/25 657), which was higher than 2.83%(164/5 792) of pregnant women born after 1992 (including 1992), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 =69.23, P <0.01), and the overall trend was decreasing ( χ2=49.25, P<0.01). Among pregnant women infected with HBV, the negative rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was 78.16%(1 224/1 566). Conclusions:Pregnant women with HBV infection in Taizhou City are mainly HBeAg negative. Hepatitis B vaccine immunization management significantly reduces the HBsAg positive rate and anti-HBc positive rate of pregnant women, and increases the positive rate of anti-HBs, while the rate of all HBV serum marker negative is not significantly decreased. Horizontal transmission may still be a risk factor for HBV present and previous infections.

Objective To explore the relationship between renal volume and function in the preterm and term newborns at different gestational ages.Methods This study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2016 to March 2018.A total of 626 newborns with different gestational ages were included and the renal volume was determined by ultrasonography.Blood samples were taken for laboratory tests to detect renal function including urea,creatinine,uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate.Results A total of 352 preterm and 274 full term newborns were enrolled at birth.The mean gestational age of the neonates was (36.0 ± 3.5) weeks and the mean birth weight was (2.59 ±0.77) kg.The mean renal volume of the preterm infants was (19.57 ±4.30) cm3 and estimated glomerular filtration was (21.68 ± 5.99) mL/(min · 1.73 m2);the mean renal volume of the term infants was(23.03 ± 3.80) cm3 and estimated glomerular filtration was(46.60 ± 10.21) mL/(min · 1.73 m2).The renal volume and estimated glomerular filtration of term infants was significantly greater compared to the preterm infants (t =12.96,33.10,all P ＜ 0.001).The renal volume was highly linear positively correlated with gestational age,birth weight and birth length (r =0.546,0.605,0.592,all P ＜ 0.001).The renal volume was highly linear positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration(r =0.396,P ＜ 0.001).The renal volume was negatively correlated with urea,creatinine and uric acid(r =-0.210,-0.280,-0.176,all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The renal volume increases with gestational age and birth weight in neonates.Estimated glomerular filtration increases with renal volume in neonates.The preterm infants have immaturity kidney size and poor development so that they need special medical care.

Objective To explore the testis development and epididymis in the preterm and term newborns so as to provide the scientific evidence for early clinical diagnosing early.Methods From October 2016 to March 2018,456 hospitalized neonates at Department of Neonatology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited within 7 days at birth in this study.In these patients,224 cases were preterm newborns and 232 cases were term newborns.These gestational ages of newborns at birth were (36.18 ± 3.13) weeks (27-41 +6 weeks) and weighted (2.66 ± 0.67) kg(0.90-3.82 kg).The size of the testis and epididymis were measured by ultrasonography.Results The mean testicular volume of the preterm was (0.24 ± 0.07) mL.The mean length of epididymal head,thickness of epididymal head and body and tail of the preterm newborns were (4.17 ±0.59) mm,(2.58 ±0.39) mm,(1.78 ± 0.26) mm,(1.91 ± 0.24) mm,respectively.The mean testicular volume of the term newborns was (0.38 ± 0.13) mL,the mean length of epididymal head,thickness of epididymal head and body and tail of the term newborns were (4.49 ± 0.45) mm,(2.78 ± 0.34) mm,(1.95 ± 0.20) mm,(1.99 ± 0.16) mm,respectively.The mean testicular volume,length of epididymal head,thickness of epididymal head and body and tail of the preterm newborns were significantly lower compared with the term newborns (t =12.810,8.261,6.819,8.058,3.591,all P ＜0.001).The mean testicular volume of the newborns were highly linear positively correlated with gestational age,birth weight and birth length (r =0.538,0.591,0.533,all P ＜ 0.001).In the preterm newborns at postmenstrual age (PMA) of 37 weeks,the mean testicular volume,length of epididymal head,thickness of epididymal head and body and tail of the preterm newborns had no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =1.561,0.863,0.282,1.732,1.147,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The testicular volume,the length of epididymal head,thickness of epididymal head and body increase with gestational age,birth weight and birth length in early neonates.The growth of reproductive system in the preterm newborns at PMA 37 weeks catch-up with term newborns.If this catch-up growth was incomplete at PMA 37 weeks,special attention should be given to monitor underlying diseases.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Da Vinci robot-assisted single-port plus-one laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RSPY) in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).Methods:The clinical data of 13 children with UPJO diagnosed by robot-assisted single-port plus-one laparoscopic pyeloplasty in Fujian Provincial Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the children was 60.0 (1.3, 108.0) months. The lesions of 10 patients were on the left, and 3 were on the right. The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain in 3 cases, urinary tract infection in 2 cases, and no symptoms in 10 cases. Preoperative isotope renogram showed affected renal function (28.32±1.82)%, and bilateral renal function difference > 10% in 7 cases. Mechanical obstruction existed in 5 cases. Preoperative ultrasound showed the affected side's renal cortex thickness of (1.98 ± 0.23) cm. During the operation, a single-port multi-channel trocar was placed in the umbilicus with another single port in the epigastrium, and a robotic system was placed to explore the subperitoneal dilated renal pelvis. The renal pelvis was suspended and pulled through the abdominal wall. The visual field was exposed, and the dilated renal pelvis was incised. The dilated renal pelvis was cut, a ureteral stent was placed, and the ureteropelvic duct was anastomosed.Results:The operation of 13 cases was successfully completed, without conversion to open surgery. The operation time was 180.0(165.0, 190.2)min. The intraoperative blood loss was < 5 ml. The postoperative hospital stay was 7.0(7.0, 7.0)d, and hospitalization costs were 56.3(52.1, 56.5)thousand yuan. The ureteral stent was removed 2 months after the operation, and no obvious complications such as urinary tract infection or low back pain occurred. The median postoperative follow-up was 12 months, ranged from 6 to 18 months. Urinary color ultrasound showed that the renal cortex was (4.95±0.57) cm, which was thicker than before. Isotope renogram showed that the renal function was (38.02±1.76)%, which was higher than before. Mechanical obstruction was transformed into incomplete obstruction.Conclusions:Da Vinci robot-assisted single-port plus-one laparoscopic pyeloplasty is precise and could achieve good surgical results on the basis of the effective restoration of lesion kidney function.