Objective To assess the respective value and limitation of cardioangiography and ultrasonography in interventional therapy for congenital heart disease in children,and to discuss the clinical significance of the combined use of both examinations. Methods A total of 162 children with congenital heart disease,screened by ultrasonography,were enrolled in this study.The disorders included VSD(n=50),PDA(n=96)and PS(n=16).Before the interventional therapy all the cases accepted cardioangiography and ultrasonography examinations,and the diameter of the abnormal passage was measured.The difference in the diameter between two examinations was compared and statistically analyzed by using paired t test.All the cases accepted both examinations after the interventional therapy to check the location of the occluder and the result of balloon dilatation.Results Both cardiovascular angiography and ultrasonography could make a definite diagnosis of congenital bean disease in children,and could well display the location and shape of the abnormalities.The diameter of VSD(n=50)measured by cardioangiography and ultrasonography was(4.93±2.73)mm and(5.66±2.77)mm respectively,with no significant statistical difference existing between two methods(P＞0.05).The diameter at the narrowest site of PDA(n=96)measured by cardioangiography and ultrasonography was(3.22±1.45)mm and(3.96±1.42)mm respectively,with a significant difference existing between two methods(P＜0.05).In 16 PS cases,the diameter of valvular ring determined on cardioangiogram and on ultrasonogram wag(16.16±4.26)mm and(17.94±5.50)mm respectively,with no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).During the operation of VSD,the monitoring ultrasonography revealed that the valvular opening and closing was interfered by the occluder in 9 cases,so the occluder was re-adjusted till it was fixed to proper position. After the interventional therapy for VSD and PDA,cardioangiography detected a small residual shunt in 7 cases,which completely disappeared 24 hours later on ultrasonography.After balloon dilation in all 16 children with PS the right ventricle-pulmonary artery pressure difference was reduced by more than 50%and the pressure figure reached the standard of clinical Cure.The interventional procedure was successfully completed in all patients except for three cases. Conclusion In treating children of congenital heart disease with interventional procedures,the determination of the lesion's diameter and the selection of the occluder should be based on cardioangiographic measurement,although ultrasonography is more helpful in making preoperative screening and postoperative evaluation.

AIM: To observe the effects of norepinephrine (NE) on the cardiopulmonary and lung injury in goats with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by endotoxin. METHODS: A model of septic ARDS was induced by intravenous infusion of low dose endotoxin in six goats. Then 40?10~ -6 NO inhalation was applied to the animals. After 30 min, combined intravenous infusion of NE at concentration of 0.5 mg?kg~ -1 ?min~ -1 was conducted. The dynamic changes in gas exchange and hemodynamics were measured with the aid of Swan-Ganz catheter. Arterial blood gas analysis before and after the onset of ARDS, 30 min after NO inhalation and combined NE was detected. Histology of the lung was also observed. RESULTS: Inhalation of NO rapidly reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), increased PaO_2, decreased P_ (A-a) O_2 and Qs/Qt in septic ARDS goats. These decrease and increase were more significant than those in NO inhaled alone when animals received NE. The combination of NO inhalation and NE injection resulted in increase in mean arterial pressure. NO inhalation did not ameliorate lung injury and combined NE intravenous injection ameliorated lung injury. CONCLUSION: Injection of low dose norepinephrine improves the beneficial effects of inhaled nitric oxide on lung gas exchange and ameliorates lung injury in goats with acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by endotoxin.

Sarcopenia etiology is diverse and the pathogenesis is complex.It is closely related to limited activity, malnutrition and a variety of clinical diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life in the elderly and has become a global common health problem.This review focuses on the literature of non-drug interventions for sarcopenia in the past five years, focusing on the relationship of multimodal exercise, intestinal flora, parenteral nutrition and comprehensive intervention with sarcopenia, in order to provide a new basis for formulating scientific and effective non-drug intervention for sarcopenia.