Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Dental resin composites (DRCs) are popular materials for repairing caries or dental defect, requiring excellent properties to cope with the complex oral environment. Filler/resin interface interaction has a significant impact on the physicochemical/biological properties and service life of DRCs. Various chemical and physical modification methods on filler/resin interface have been introduced and studied, and the physical micromechanical interlocking caused by the modification of fillers morphology and structure is a promising method. This paper firstly introduces the composition and development of DRCs, then reviews the chemical and physical modification methods of the filler/resin interface, mainly discusses the interface micromechanical interlocking structures and their enhancement mechanism for DRCs, finally give a summary on the existing problems and development potential.
Composite Resins/chemistry* ; Surface Properties ; Materials Testing

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma resection combined with nephrectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 27 cases undergoing retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma resection combined with nephrectomy at the Gastrointestinal Tumor Center , Guangdong Provincial Hospital , Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jun 2017 to Aug 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for the indication of nephrectomy, postoperative progression of renal insufficiency and survival rate.Results:Twenty-six cases (96%) achieved R 0/R 1 resection and 1 case nderwent R 2 resection. Six cases underwent combined unilateral nephrectomy and 21 patients underwent combined multi-organ resection with a median number of resections of 4 (2,5). Postoperative pathology suggested that the combined resected kidney was positive for tumor infiltration in 17 cases. Five cases had Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher complications and no deaths occurred within 30 days after surgery. At the 90th day after surgery, 19 cases (70%) had decreased renal function ( Z=2.88, P=0.04), with a median decrease of -3.96 (-30.36, 0.31)ml·(min·1.73 m 2) -1, including 8 cases of preoperative Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)1 stage progression (6 cases of CKD 2 stage, 2 cases of CKD 3 stage); 2 cases of CKD 2 stage progressed to CKD 3 stage; 1 case of preoperative CKD 3 stage progressed to CKD 4 stage. During the follow-up period of 3-38 months, no patient progressed to CKD 5 stage and no patient required dialysis treatment. Conclusion:Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma resection combined with nephrectomy is safe and feasible while improving tumor radicality.

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of thyroid carcinoma in children. Method The clinical data of 19 children under 14 years old with thyroid carcinoma diagnosed and treated from January 2003 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 19 cases (12 males and 7 females), there were 18 cases of papillocarcinoma and one case pf follicular carcinoma. Unilateral lobectomy plus isthmectomy was performed in 6 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 4 cases and total thyroidectomy in 9 cases. Unilateral cervical lymph node dissection was performed in 5 cases and bilateral in 11 cases. After the operation, multiple lesions were confirmed by pathology in 9 cases, thyroid capsular invasion in 14 cases, lymphatic metastasis in 15 cases and distant metastasis in 5 cases. All the patients were treated with TSH, and 10 cases were treated with 131I after operation. The median follow-up time was 63 months. There was no death in all cases, while local residual tumor recurrence was found in 2 cases and cervical lymph node metastasis in 2 cases and distant metastasis in one case. Conclusion Thyroid carcinoma in children is mostly well-differentiated, so the overall prognosis is better. However, children who have extracapsular invasion, multiple lesions in bilateral thyroid, cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis are at high risks and should be treated with comprehensive therapy that includes total thyroidectomy.

Objective: To explore a digital negative molds technique based on three-dimensional (3D) printing to assist in the manufacture of maxillofacial prostheses, and to improve the deficiency of the current clinical treatment. Methods: Seventeen patients with maxillofacial defects (including nasal defects, orbital defects, cheek defects, auricle defect) were scanned by means of facial optical scanning and computer tomography (CT). The 3D models were then reconstructed and global registration was made to merge the reconstructed models into a new digital model for 3D design. The 3D design of the prostheses was implemented in software. The mechanical connection structure was designed by forward engineering technology for 3 patients with intra-oral defects in maxilla who needed to make removable partial dentures, so that the silicone prostheses and removable partial denture could be combined. The removable partial dentures were made by conventional method and connected with the prostheses. According to the 3D data of the prostheses, the digital negative molds were designed, and the 3D printing technology was used to finish the processing of the resin molds. Silicone for prostheses were filled and cured in the resin molds to fabricate the clinical restorations for the patients. The margin adaptation and retention of the prostheses was detected. Results: Twenty patients with varying degrees of maxillofacial defects were rehabilitated using the courses developed in the study. All patients reported no pain or discomfort during the treatment; and they were satisfied with the final prostheses of the shape, color, retention, stability, etc. Eighteen of the prostheses showed good marginal adaptation, and sixteen of the prostheses showed good retention effect. Conclusions The digital negative molds technique used in this study could greatly reduce the intensity of manual operation and provided a good therapeutic effect for patients with maxillofacial defects.

Background and purpose:Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine tumor with an incidence that has increased over recent decades. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of carbon nano-par-ticles-labeled lymph nodes in neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), focusing on the protectiveness for the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and parathyroid glands.Methods:Forty-eight patients with PTC treated from Apr. to Aug. 2015 were randomly divided into two groups. Group A patients (24 patients) were treated with lobectomy/total thyroidectomy plus unilateral/bilateral central lymph node dissection by conventional meticulous capsular dissection technique; Group B patients (24 patients) were treated with the same surgical procedures as group A, 5 min after the injection of carbon nano-particles. The operative time, intra-operative blood loss, incidence of RLN injury, incidence of transient hypocalcemia, the number of total lymph nodes and the ratio of metastatic nodes were collected and analyzed. Results:For unilateral lobectomy, the number of lymph nodes in group B was signiifcantly greater than that in group A (P<0.05). For total thyroidectomy, the operative time, and the incidence of transient hypocalcemia in group B were both lower than those in group A (P<0.05), and the number of total lymph nodes was signiifcantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). In group B, the ratio of metastatic nodes were 26.7% (unilateral) and 33.3% (bilateral) in stained lymphnodes, and 11.8% and 25.9% in non-stained lymph nodes.Conclusion:The carbon nano-particles-labeled lymph nodes in neck dissection could facilitate to protect parathyroids and increase the number of lymph nodes, especially in total thyroidectomy plus bilateral central lymph node dissection.

Background In previous study,peripheral retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness is considered to be the earliest structural changes which can be detected.3D-OCT can measure the thickness of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC),which makes the detection of primary glaucoma possible in the early stage.Objective This study was to measure the thickness of mGCC and disc-peripheral RNFL in early stage of primary glaucomous eyes by 3D-OCT and assess the anatomic basis of glaucoma-induced optical nerve damage.Methods 3D-OCT images from 10 patients with advanced stage primary glaucoma in one lateral eye and early stage glaucoma in fellow eye from December 2010 to December 2012 were prospectively analyzed in China-Japan Friendship Hospital.The patients were diagnosed based on the recommended standard of National glaucoma group (1987 version) and received routine eye examination.3D-OCT scanning was performed using 3D-macular mode,3D-macular Wide mode and 3D-disc mode with TOPCON 3D-OCT 2000 system,and the images at macular 6 mm×6 mm area were analyzed.The posterior pole area was divided into 5 concentric rings from fovea toward periphery and equally subdivided into 100 small checks,with the area of 0.6 mm×0.6 mm for each.The probable values in each check were calculated as the ratio of each figure and corresponding normal value.The probable values were expressed as red color (P＜ 1％),yellow color (P＜5％) and gray color (P≥ 5％).Then the disc-periphery RNFL thickness and disc cup were evaluated.Results No evident abnormality was found in the thicknesses of photoreceptors layer and bipolar cell layer in both advanced glaucomous eyes and the early stage of glaucomous eyes in the 10 patients.Serious damage of visual field was seen in the advanced glaucomous eyes and presented with red color in the parapapillary RNFL area,mGCC area and macular RNFL area,showing an evidently attenuation of the thicknesses of parapapillary RNFL,mGCC and RNFL.However,the visual field was close normal in the early stage glaucomous eyes,and mGCC and macular RNFL showed yellow color,while green or yellow color was exhibited in the parapapillary RNFL area,indicating mGCC and macular RNFL thickness was reduced,but parapapillar RNFL thickness was near normal.Conclusions The change of mGCC thickness is earlier than that of peripheral RNFL at optic disc in primary glaucomaous eyes,which may imply that the disappear of macular ganglion cell body is earlier than that of the axon.

Hydatid worms, hosted by humans and animals, impose serious human health risk and cause significant livestock production loss. To better understand the disease infection status in Xinjiang, China, we investigated the disease epidemics in 4 livestock animals, i.e., cattle, sheep (both sheep and goat), camels, and horses, slaughtered at the abattoirs in Urumqi, Yining, Tacheng, and Altay areas. The results showed that the animals were infected at different rates, in the order of sheep (9.8%), cattle (8.4%), camels (6.8%), and horses (4.3%). The infection rates were found to be different between the abattoirs in various regions even for the same animals. For sheep, the rates increased significantly as the animals grew older. It was 1.9% before 1 year of age and increased to 8.2% in the age of 1-2 years, and further increased to 12.3% when the animals were 3-4 years old, and reached 17.2% when they were 5-6 year old. Sheep older than 6 years had an infection rate of 19.5%. This study demonstrates that the 4 livestock animals in the pastoral areas in Xinjiang were infected by the parasites to various extend. This study is the first systematic investigation of the hydatid worms in various livestock animals in Xinjiang, China, which provides epidemiological information about the infection of hydatid worms in livestock, and is valuable in developing strategies for prevention and control of the hydatid disease.
Age Factors ; Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology/*veterinary ; *Livestock ; Prevalence

Objective To explore the expression of transient receptor potential channel 6(TRPC6)in human breast cancer cells, and to clarify the correlation of TRPC6 with the invasion potential of breast cancer cells. Methods The human breast cancer cell strains MCF-7 (hypo-invasion group)and MDA-MB-231 (hyper-invasion group)were cultured.The expressions of TRPC6 mRNA and protein in in two groups were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting methods.Then the MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into control group and SKF96365 group, the effects of SKF96365 on the invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells invitro were explored by wound healing assay and Transwell experiment.Results The results of Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of TRPC6 mRNA and protein in MDA-MB-231 cells were higher than that in MCF-7 cells(P<0.05).The wound healing assay showed the numbers of migrating cells in 5,25 and 40μmol·L-1 SKF96365 groups (76.24±7.54, 45.33±4.50,25.12±1.57)were lower than those in control group (130.48±9.55)(P<0.05).The Transwell experiment results indicated that the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells were inhibited significantly by SKF96365 compared with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The invasion ability of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells is promoted by upregulating the TRPC6 expression, which indicates that the TRPC6 may play role in the metastasis of human breast cancer.