Objective:To study the epidemiological features of internet addiction disorder(IAD)in high school students in Beijing and explore the related factors.Methods:A stratified cluster sampling method was used.Totally 5100 high schools students were measured with the Internet Addiction Scale,Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire and Egna Minnen av Bardndoms Uppfostran(EMBU).Results:(1)The prevalence of IAD was 8.8% in high school students in Beijing.(2)Logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of IAD were male,school area in urban area,parents' divorce,parents' refusal,parents' over-protection,paranoid personality disorder,avoidant personality disorder,antisocial personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder.The protective factor was parents' emotional warmth.Conclusion:It should be paid more attention to internet addiction disorder IAD in high school students in Beijing.Prevention and intervention should be conducted to the risk factors of internet addiction disorder IAD.

In order to study whether marrow stromal cells (MSCs) can be induced into nerve-like cells in vitro, and the mechanism, the MSCs in Wistar rats were isolated and cultured, and then induced with DMSO and BHA in vitro. The expression of specific marking proteins in neurons, glia and neural stem cells were detected before preinduction, at 24 h of preinduction, at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h of neuronal induction by using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The ultrastructural changes after the inducement were observed. The results showed that after the inducement, many MSCs turned into bipolar, multipolar and taper, and then intersected as network structure. At the same time, some MSCs had the typical neuron-like ultrastructure. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NeuN and Nestin expression was detectable after inducement, but there was no GFAP and CNP expression. Western blotting showed the expression of Nestin was strong at 6 h of neuronal induction, and decreased at 24 h, 48 h of the induction. NeuN was detectable at 6 h of neuronal induction, and increased at 24 h, 48 h of the induction. It was concluded MSCs were induced into neural stem cells, and then differentiated into neuron-like cells in vitro.
Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology ; Rats, Wistar ; Stromal Cells/cytology

Objective To study the effect of community health education on lactation mastitis and breast feeding.Method Ninety parturients were given community health education for 6 months and then the rates of mastitis and breast feeding were recorded.Results The mastitis morbidity was 3.3%and the rate of breast feeding was 97.8%.Conclusion The implementation of the community health education can reduce the morbidity of maternal mastitis and raise the rate of breast feeding.

Objective To investigate the stability of 1% lauromacrogol foam sclerosant prepared with different liquid-to-air ratio in order to find out the optimal liquid-to-air ratio. Methods According to Tessari technique, two 10 ml disposable plastic syringes and one three-way plastic stopcock were used to mix 1%lauromacrogol with room air, and liquid-to-air ratios from 1∶1 to 1∶9 were separately employed to make the preparation of the foam sclerosant. Each kind of liquid-to-air ratio was used to separately make bubbles for 5 times, the foam half-life time (FHT), the foam drainage time (FDT) and the foam coalescence time (FCT) were recorded, and their mean values were calculated. The optimal liquid-to-air ratio was defined as the intermediate values of all the above measured indexes. Results When the liquid-to-air ratio was 1 ∶ 1, 1 ∶2, 1 ∶ 3, 1 ∶ 4, 1 ∶ 5, 1 ∶ 6, 1 ∶ 7, 1 ∶ 8 and 1 ∶ 9, the FHT of 1% lauromacrogol foam sclerosant was 184.8, 169.3, 135.9, 110.8, 111.5, 92.6, 76.3, 74.7 and 49.9 seconds respectively; the FDT was 10.6, 17.8, 14.6, 13.7, 13.0, 12.3, 10.7, 11.5 and 12.6 seconds respectively; while the FCT was 108.4, 79.8, 41.8, 20.3, 10.4, 0, 0, 0 and 0 seconds respectively. Conclusion Based on Tessari technique, the indoor air, two 10 ml disposable plastic syringes and one three-way plastic stopcock are used to prepare 1%lauromacrogol foam sclerosant, and the optimal liquid-to-air ratio is 1 ∶ 2.

Objective To identify the morphological parameters that are related to intracranial aneurysms (IAs) rupture using a case-control model. Methods A total of 107 patients with multiple IAs and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between August 2011 and February 2017 were enrolled in this study. Characteristics of IAs location, shape, neck width, perpendicular height, depth, maximum size, flow angle, parent vessel diameter (PVD), aspect ratio (AR) and size ratio (SR) were evaluated using CT angiography. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors associated with IAs rupture. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on the final model, and the optimal thresholds were obtained. Results IAs located in the internal carotid artery (ICA) was associated with a negative risk of rupture, whereas AR, SR1 (height/PVD) and SR2 (depth/PVD) were associated with increased risk of rupture. When SR was calculated differently, the odds ratio values of these factors were also different. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that AR, SR1 and SR2 had cut-off values of 1.01, 1.48 and 1.40, respectively. SR3 (maximum size/PVD) was not associated with IAs rupture. Conclusions IAs located in the ICA are associated with a negative risk of rupture, while high AR (>1.01), SR1 (>1.48) or SR2 (>1.40) are risk factors for multiple IAs rupture.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to observe the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as well as its potential mechanism, against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.

METHODS1) MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with different hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations (10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, and 10⁻⁵ mol·L⁻¹) for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h to build an oxidative damage model, to determine cell proliferation activity in each group by using CCK-8 assay, and to determine the optimal modeling concentration. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were pretreated for 1 h with different CGRP concentrations (10⁻⁶, 10⁻⁷, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁹, and 10⁻¹⁰ mol·L⁻¹) followed by treatment with H₂O₂ (10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹). After 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, the CGRP expression and activity of osteoblasts were detected using the CCK-8 method to determine the optimal CGRP concentration that provides the best protective effect against oxidative damage. 2) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 of the groups treated with CGRP, H₂O₂, CGRP+H₂O₂ were determined.

RESULTS1) Compared with the control group, treatment with 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂ significantly started to inhibite the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂ group, pretreatment with 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹ CGRP significantly increased the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.01). 2) Compared with H₂O₂ group, CGRP+H₂O₂ group significantly increased the SOD activity (P<0.01), ROS content significantly decreased (P<0.01), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion significantly decreased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSH₂O₂ can cause oxidative damage to MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, whereas CGRP exerts protective effect against oxidative damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.

Animals ; Calcitonin ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Cell Line ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Interleukin-6 ; Osteoblasts ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on apoptosis and autophagy of mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblast and their interaction and to further clarify protective mechanism of CGRP on osteoblasts.

METHODSMC3T3-E1 osteoblasts of mouse were cultured in vitro. Western blot and flow cytometry were used to detect expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and P62 protein of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cultured with serum culture and serum-free (serum starvation) culture. Western blot was also used to detect expressions of LC3 and P62 protein of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultured at different concentrations (10⁻¹⁰, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁸, and 10⁻⁷ mol·L⁻¹) or without added CGRP. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹ CGRP at different times (2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h), protein expression levels of LC3 were assessed by Western blot and flow cytometry, and changes in autophagosome in cells were detected by monodansylcadaverin staining. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to pretreat MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Cells were then treated with or without CGRP for 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis level.

RESULTSUnder serum starvation conditions, LC3Ⅱ expression and apoptosis of osteoblasts increased compared with that of serum culture. Under 3-MA pretreatment and serum starvation conditions, LC3Ⅱ expression of osteoblasts increased compared with that of serum culture (P<0.01). Compared with serum culture, serum starvation culture with or without CGRP significantly increased expression level of LC3 and reduced expression level of P62. LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ of osteoblasts was the highest under serum starvation and 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹ CGRP conditions. Serum starvation and 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹ CGRP culture inhibited apoptosis of osteoblasts and promoted synthesis of autophagosome. Apoptosis of osteoblasts increased after 3-MA pretreatment, and CGRP reversed inhibitory effects of 3-MA CGRP on apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONSCGRP can increase autophagy of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts under serum starvation conditions. CGRP may also inhibit apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by promoting autophagy.
.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Calcitonin ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Osteoblasts

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of compound Danshen injection combined with prostaglandin E1 low molecular weight heparin calcium to dextran-40 preventing hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

METHODSA total of 520 patients who received HSCT in the authors' hospital from May 1998 and December 2009 were subjected, among whom 231 patients received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, 125 received HLA-identical sibling HSCT, 49 received HLA-identical/mismatched unrelated HSCT and 115 received HLA-haplotype HSCT. All patients were treated by intravenous dripping of CSI 40-60 mL, dextran-40 250-500 mL, prostaglandin-E1 40-60 microg, and subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin calcium 3 000-5 000 IU every day, the preventive effect on HVOD after HSCT was observed.

RESULTSHVOD occurred and caused death only in 1 case of the 520 patients observed, the incidence was 0.19%. Neither obvious adverse reaction nor coagulation disorder was found.

CONCLUSIONCompound Danshen Injection combined with prostaglandin E1, low molecular weight heparin calcium and dextran-40 is a safe and effective protocol for the prevention of HVOD after HSCT.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alprostadil ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dextrans ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; therapeutic use ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenanthrolines ; therapeutic use

Objective　To study the occurence, development and regulation of reactive gliosis with astrocyte (Ast) in vitro. Methods　Ast was isolated and cultured in vitro and its model of reactive gliosis was established by scratching the cultured astrocytes. The reactivity and rules of Ast to injury was studied by morphological changes, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and imaging analysis. Results　After scratching, the astrocytes showed typical features of reactive gliosis, with the hypertrophic cell body, thickened and lengtheded processes, and enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of GFAP mRNA was markedly increased. These changes occurred 1 d after scratching and reached the peak 5 to 7 d after injuring. Conclusion　A model of reactive astrogliosis was successfully established in vitro which showed an active reaction to injury. The characteristics of reactive gliosis parallel that seen in vivo.

Objective　To explore the role of tyrosine hydroxy lase (TH) gene in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by using ex vivo gene transfer. Methods　After the construction of TH gene in a retroviral vector, the astrocytes were cultured with the supernatant containing the recombinant DNA and then grafted into the cerebrum of PD rats. The reduction of the rat rotation beharior was evaluated. Results　The rotati on of PD rats was markedly improved in the rats with ex vivo gene transfer. Conclusion　TH has an obvious efficiency on the treatment of PD and the astrocytes can be used as effective gene transfer cells.