Objective To establish a model of cervical spondylosis in rats. Methods Sixty SD rats (four months old) were ran-domly divided into control, muscle imbalance and posterior column instability group, ten rats in each group. Then the degeneration of X-ray film and motion function were evaluated by oblique board test. Results After analyzed the cervical films of control groups, the nature curve still existed, vertebral clearance had no abnormal. No ostensis spurs or ossifies in Luschka joint and joint processes were found. But in mus-cle imbalance and posterior column instability groups, the nature curve was disappeared or stiff, vertebral clearance were stenosis, osteosis spur formed, ossify or sclerosis emerged in Lnschka joint and joint process. Compared with control group in oblique board test, the muscle force decreased in muscle imbalance and posterior column instability group. There were no statistic significant difference between 2 and 4 months of control group, and also no difference in muscle imbalance and posterior column instability group, but there were significant differ-ence in 2 and 4 months of muscle imbalance and posterior column group. Conclusion Not only cervical posterior column instability but also muscle imbalance could result in cervical spendylosis, both muscle force balance and posterior column were important factors in maintaining spine stability.

Objective To analyze the serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phosphatase level among apparently healthy school children and adolescents in Heilongjiang Province and establish the reference intervals in different gender and different age groups .Methods Random sample of 2 101 primary and secondary school students from 9 to 18-year-old was collected from different district of Heilongjiang Province including Harbin and Mudanjiang from July 2008 to June 2009 .The fasting venous blood was collected and serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phos-phatase concentration was measured as soon as possible .After screening outlier individual , a total of 2 091 subjects were enrolled.The reference intervals of serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phosphatase for healthy school children and adolescents were established by gender and age ( P2.5 to P97.5 ) .Results The change tendency of serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase with age and sex were presented .All these parameters had shown inverse relationship with age and were significantly higher in boys than girls (P<0.001).Serum calcium, phosphate of both sexes and serum alkaline phosphatase of girls declined progressively with age .However , the highest alkaline phosphatase level was seen at 13 years in boys.Alkaline phosphatase showed a positive correlation with age before 13 years of age , but after that alkaline phosphatase started to decline .Conclusions Reference in-tervals of serum calcium , phosphate and alkaline phosphatase for healthy school children and adolescents in Hei -longjiang Province in the age group of 9-18 years were presented , which supply good reference value for clinicians especially pediatricians to interpret the results of school children and adolescents and make decision .

ObjectiveTo analyze the serum creatinine level among apparently healthy primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia and explore the distribution of serum creatinine by ethnic,regional,gender and age,and establish the reference interval of serum creatinine in different gender and different age groups of primary and secondary school students.MethodsLargesample clinical epidemiological investigation was applied by two-stage clustering sampling method.Random sample of 2630 primary and secondary school students from 9 to 18-year-old was selected from four district in Inner Mongolia including Hohhot,Wulanchabu,Xilin Gol and Bayan Drow from July 2009 to June 2010.After screening outlier individual,the total of 2614 subjects were enrolled,involving 1288 male and 1326 female subjects,1584 Han and1030 Mongolian.The venous blood was collected and serum was separated.The serum creatinine concentration was measured as soon as possible.Furthermore, creatinine levels of different regions,ethnic,gender and age group were compared by analysis of variance or t-test and that of different group were compared by SNK method.Percentile was used to describe the distribution of serum Cr level of different age groups.The reference interval of serum Cr for primary and secondary school students were established by gender and age (P2.5 -P97.5 ).The curve was smoothed using age-specific percentile ( LMS )curve smoothing method.ResultsThe differences of Cr levels were statistically significant between different regions,ethnic,gender and age groups.The reference intervals of creatinine for 9 - 11,12,13 - 14,15,and 16 - 18 year-old males were 35 - 66,37 - 73,39 - 78,47 - 87 and 49 - 91 μmol/L,respectively.The intervals for 9 - 10,11 - 12,13 - 15,and 16 - 18 year-old females were 32 - 60,34 - 63,38 -73 and 40 -74 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion The reference intervals of serum creatinine for health primary and secondary school students in the Inner Mongolia is established,which is useful for clinicians,especially pediatricians to judge and assess renal function for 9 to 18 year-old patients.( Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:805-809 )

Objective To compare the concordance of five automated 25OHD immunoassays with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method ( LC-MS/MS) .Methods During May to July in 2014, 245 clinical serum samples that requested 25OHD tests were selected, with a total 25OHD range of 2.8 ng/ml-64.0 ng/ml, in which 154 samples did not contain 25OHD2 and 91 samples contains both 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 .To used a LC-MS/MS method that built in our laboratory to measure 25OHD, five commercial automated chemiluminescent immunoassays from Abbott Diagnostics ( A ) , DiaSorin LIASON (B), IDS-iSYS(C), Roche Diagnostics(D), and Siemens ADVIA Centaur(E).Taking the reference method LC-MS/MS as a standard , to compared the concordance and performance of the five automated 25OHD immunoassays.And used the commonly accepted cutoffs for 25OHDdeficiency (<20 ng/ml), and insufficiency ( 20 -30 ng/ml ) , and sufficiency (≥30 ng/ml ) to compare the uniformity of different methods .Statistical analysiswere performed by MedCalc software , Passing & Bablok regression , Bland &Altaman plots and Box and whisker plots were performed to compare the differences of the methods .Results The medium ( range:2.5% -97.5%) 25OHD of the 245 serum samples of the six methods was 23.5 (5.8-44.2) ng/ml(LC-MS/MS),20.6 (7.1-43.5)ng/ml(A),19.0 (5.4-38.0) ng/mL (B),23.0 (10.0-38.1) ng/ml(C),20.1 (5.1 -46.0) ng/ml (D),31.3 (12.3 -71.1) ng/ml (E), respectively .Passing and Bablok regression showed that method B had the best correlation coefficient with LC-MS/MS (r=0.894), while methods A, C and D had relatively small bias compared withLC-MS/MS and method E had the large bias .If the serum samples did not contain 25OHD2 , all the five automated immunoassays correlated well with LC-MS/MS with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.84, and B has the best correlation with LC-MS/MS ( r=0.930 ) .While all the correlation coefficient between immunoassays and LC-MS/MS decreasedwhen analyzing the samplescontaining 25OHD2.Using the clinical cutoffs, A, B, C, D and E had a concordance of 68.6%, 64.9%, 67.8%, 70.6% and 51.8% compared with LC-MS/MS, respectively .Conclusions There are significant differences between different detection systems of 25OHD.All the immunoassays results were affected by the existence of 25OHD2 .The concordance of serum 25OHD resultswas poor between different methods , and it may be necessary to built exclusive cutoffs for different methods.

Objective Toexplore the correlation of ApoE gene polymorphism and serum uric acid levels in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region , China.Methods A case-control study.October 2011 to November 2011, five hundred twenty eight ( 296 male, 232 female ) apparently healthy individuals were studied.Questionnaires and physical examinations were performed by standard operation procedure.Fasting blood was collected for biochemistry testing including serum lipid parameters , uric acid concentration and creatinine levels.The multi-ARMS PCR was applied to determine ApoE genotypes ,and the relation of ApoE genotypes with serum lipid parameters and uric acid levels were analyzed.Non-normal distribution were compared using cause and inspection.Results The common six kinds of ApoE genotype can be detected.The total cholesterol ( TC) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) and uric acid ( UA) levels in different genotype subgroups had statistical differences.The individuals with ε2/3 genotype had a significantly greater reductions in TC and LDL-C levels but increment in uric acid concentration than those withε3/3 and ε3/4 genotype (P<0.05).The effect of ApoE gene polymorphism on uric acid levels still remained significantly after adjustment for age , gender , region and other factors.Conclusion The ApoE polymorphism is associated with serum uric acid levels and individuals with ε2 allele have higher serum uric acid levels.

Objective This paper aims at establishing a inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) method for quantification and evaluation of iodine in human urine and serum in routine clinical laboratory .Methods This study was methodology validation research on iodine evaluation using ICP-MS.Ammonia, isopropanol and ultrapure water were mixed at certain ratio to dilute samples in the ratio of 1:10, and then the diluted samples were analyzed by ICP -MS.Re was used as the internal standard.And linearity, lower limit of detection, recovery, precision, accuracy, carryover and stability was evaluated thoroughly .Results of iodine of pregnant women who required iodine tests were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the status of iodine .Results The method only needs 30s for analysis of one sample .It was sensitive with a lower limit detection of 0.87μg/L, the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999 9 in ten measurements.The recovery in both serum and urine was approximately 100% (95.3% -109.9%). Based on the NIST standard reference material 3668 comparison, the bias was less than 4%( -0.9% -3.9%).The inter-coefficient variation (CV) for serum iodine and urine iodine was 1.2%-3.0%, 2. 0%-2.9%, respectively;and total CV for serum iodine and urine iodine were 3.0%-3.8%, 4.1%-4.9%, respectively.The mean carryover of this method was 0.03% and iodine was stable for at least one month at -20℃ and 4℃.The urine and serum iodine for pregnant women was (154.8 ±89.7) μg/L (mean ±SD),(75.8 ±21.4) μg/L, respectively.The correlation between urine and serum iodine was 0.21. Conclusion Establishe a rapid and simple ICP -MS method for urine and serum iodine measurement with high accurate and precise in routine clinical laboratory .

Objective To validate the four chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) predictive equations based on serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys C) in Chinese CKD patients,and try to develop the GFR predictive equations for Chinese CKD patients.Methods254 CKD patients were randomly selected from four Grade ⅢA hospitals in different regions in China from September 2007 to December 2010.Clearance of dual plasma sampling 99mTc-DTPA was used to measure glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) in 254 CKD patients.The serum concentration of Cr and Cys C were measured.CKD-EPI SCr equation,Cys C equation,Cys C equation adjusted for age,sex and race,SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted for age,sex and race were used to estimate GRF ( labeled as eGFR1,eGFR2,eGFR3 and eGFR4,respectively).The correlation,bias and precision of eGFRs were compared with rGFR by Wilcoxon signed rank test,intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation analysis.The deviation degree between rGFR and different eGFRs was compared via Bland-Altman graph.The accuracy within 15％,25％,30％ ( P15,P25,P30) and the staging correctness of eGFR against CKD at different stages was calculated.ResultsThe rGFR in 254 CKD participants was [ 48.07 (26.19 -92.97 )] ml · min -1·(1.73 m2) -1.The Spearman correlatiou coefficients (CC) of eGFR and rGFR varied within the range of 0.873 - 0.896 ( P =0.000 ).The intra-class CC ( ICC ) varied within the range of 0.920 - 0.942.The correlation of eGFR4 was the best.The absolute deviations of 4 eGFRs and deviation precision were eGFR4 ＜eGFR3 ＜ eGFR2 ＜ eGFR1.The 95％ confidence intervals for the regression line of 4 eGFRs shown by Bland-Altman graphs were 92.5,87.3,83.0 and 76.1 ml · min-1 · ( 1.73 m2 ) -1,respectively,with the best result of eGFR4.For P30,the correctness of 4 eGFRs were eGFR4 ＞ eGFR3 ＞ eGFR2 ＞ eGFR1,but no significant difference was found by Chi square test (x2 =6.448,P =0.092).The overall correctness rate in 4 eGFRs against CKD stages were 48.4％ -57.5％,with the highest consistency of eGFR4,but their staging correctnessratewerenotideal(Kappa values were 0.405,0.348,0.366 and 0.463,respectively).Conclusions Compared with CKD-EPI SCr equation,no advantage was found in CKD-EPI Cys C equation.The Cys C equation adjusted by age and sex shows a little advantages over CKD-EPI Cys C equation in bias,precision,correlation and accuracy.The CKD-EPI SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted by age,sex and race has advantage over other three equations not only in bias,precision,correlation and accuracy,but also in staging correctness.However,the validation of this equation is still not fairly ideal for Chinese CKD patients.Based on these findings,it is essential for the Chinese CKD patients to develop SCr/Cys C combined predictive equation which adjusted by age,sex or other factors.(Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:798-804)

Objective To investigate the interference of thyroglobulin antibodies ( TgAb ) on the measurement of thyroglobulin ( Tg) by 2 chemiluminescence immunoassays ( CLIAs) .Methods Data of 199 315 individuals with determined TgAb and Tg , including physical checkup subjects , differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC) patients and patients with other diseases , were retrospectively collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2012 to April 2015.The correlation between serum Tg level and serum TgAb concentration was analyzed and the positive rate of TgAb in physical checkup subjects was calculated.Furthermore, 290 serum samples with different TgAb concentration were applied in the recovery test by adding in confirmed serum Tg .The correlation between the recovery of confirmed serum Tg and TgAb concentrations was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis .Results The serum Tg was all decreased with the elevated TgAb concentration in each group of subjects .The positive rate of TgAb was 10.84%(8 416/77 634) in physical checkup subjects .It was higher in females than in males and was increased with age.Recovery test showed that the average recoveries of confirmed serum Tg in TgAb-negative serum were 107.28%(86.30%-117.60%) and 107.94% (85.60%-124.10%) respectively in Roche and Beckman systems.But in TgAb-positive serum samples , the average recoveries in Roche and Beckman systems were 88.59% (35.85% -141.53%) and 95.77% (36.48% -131.78%) respectively, and 12.63%(24/190) and 13.68%(26/190) samples displayed a recovery less than 80%.The recovery rate of confirmed serum Tg showed a significantly negative correlation with elevated TgAb concentration , with r=-0.239 (P=0.001) in Roche and r=-0.251 (P<0.001) in Beckman.Conclusions TgAb-positive serum, especially with high concentration of TgAb , significantly interfered the measurement of Tg .Thus, serum TgAb should be determined together with serum Tg to explore whether there was an interference .To avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy , clinician should be informed once serum TgAb displayed positive.

Objective:To explore the role of 17β-estradiol(17β-E2) derived from the hippocampus and gonad in the cognitive memory during the reconsolidation period of fear memory in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Methods:The 8-week-old clean grade female SD rats were used for this study. Single prolonged stress combined with context fear conditioning was used to prepare the rat PTSD model.(1) Gonad estradiol experiment: 50 female rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, sham ovariectomy group, ovariectomy group, and ovariectomy+ estradiol group by random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in model group, sham ovariectomy group, ovariectomy group, and ovariectomy+ estradiol group were established PTSD model. Rats in ovariectomy group and ovariectomy+ estradiol group underwent ovariectomy, while rats in sham ovariectomy group only were removed adipose tissue of the same mass around the ovaries. And the rats in ovariectomy+ estradiol group were injected with 17β-E2(1 mg/kg, once a day for 14 days) 7 days after ovariectomy.(2) Hippocampal estradiol experiment: 40 female rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, hippocampal solvent control group and hippocampal estradiol inhibitor group by random number table method, with 10 rats in each group.The rats in model group, hippocampal solvent control group and hippocampal estradiol inhibitor group were established PTSD model.Rats in hippocampal estradiol inhibitor group were given letrozole once(bilateral, 0.5 μL per side) during the fear memory consolidation period) and rats in the hippocampus solvent control group were injected once with dimethyl sulfoxide in the hippocampus(bilateral, 0.5 μL per side) . The open field test and elevated cross maze test were used to evaluate the anxiety level and autonomous exploration ability, the freeze test was used to evaluate the fear memory, the new object recognition test was used to evaluate the non-spatial memory, and ELISA was used to detect serum 17β-E2 level. SPSS 25.0 software was used for data analysis, and one-way ANOVA was used for inter group comparisons, LSD test was used for further pairwise comparisons.Results:(1)In the gonad estradiol experiment, there were statistical differences in various indicators among the five groups of rats in the open field test, elevated cross maze test, freeze test, and new object recognition test( F=20.200, 12.702, 7.514, 10.094, 7.899, 13.211, all P<0.05). The number of upright times, central area activity time, distance and frequency of entering the open arm, and cognitive index of the model group rats were all lower than those of the blank control group(all P<0.05), and the freezing time was higher than that of the blank control group( P<0.05). The number of upright positions((11.20±1.55) times), central area activity time((11.33±1.80) s), distance((1.49±0.26) m) and times((10.00±1.50) times) entering the open arm, the freezing time((92.20±6.07) s) and cognitive index((60.40±3.71)%) in ovariectomy+ estradiol group were all higher than those of ovariectomy group((4.90±0.65) times, (4.31±1.07) s, (0.49±0.06) m, (3.10±0.62) times, (60.30±5.28) s, (32.60±8.08)%)(all P<0.05). (2) In the hippocampal estradiol experiment, there were statistical differences in various indicators among the four groups in the open field test, elevated cross maze test, freeze test, and new object recognition test( F=40.831, 5.553, 9.087, 5.848, 7.657, 9.191, all P<0.05). The numbers of upright positions, distance and frequency of entering open arms of the model group rats were lower than those of the blank control group(all P<0.05). The number of upright positions((3.00 ± 0.39) times), distance of entering open arm((1.17±0.37) m), freezing time((46.70±3.57)s), and cognition index((29.60±2.70)%) in the hippocampal estradiol inhibitor group were all lower than those in the hippocampal solvent control group((10.10±1.40) times, (4.02±0.79) m, (93.70±9.73) s, (54.20±5.08)%)(all P<0.05). Conclusion:17β-E2 derived from the hippocampus and gonad both had ameliorative effect on cognitive memory and anxiety-like behavior in the reconsolidation period of fear memory in PTSD model rats.

Objective: To explore the positive rate of intrinsic factor antibody (IFAb) and level of vitamin B₁₂ (VitB₁₂) in normal physical examination population and the possible relation between IFAb, VitB12 and sex, age, number of RBC, HGB and MCV. Methods: A total of 1 427 people who came to Peking Union Medical Colleague Hospital (PUMCH) for physical examination were enrolled. There were 758 males with average age of (52.5±14.5) years-old and 669 females with average age of (50.3±14.3) year-old. Beckman DxI800 automatic biochemical-immune analyzer and corollary reagents were used to analyze the level of serum IFAb and VitB₁₂. The results in different sex, age were documented and their correlation with the value of whole blood cell count was tested later on. Results: Among the 1 427 normal subjects, 66 (4.63%) were positive for IFAb. The positive rate for IFAb in the population≥40 years-old was higher than those<40 years-old (5.66% vs 1.48%, χ²=7.46, P=0.006). The deficiency rate of VitB₁₂ in the population<40 years-old, 40-59 years-old and ≥60 years-old was 2.22%, 2.51% and 5.50%, respectively (χ²=8.55, P=0.014). There were no difference between people with different sex in the positive rate of IFAb (5.15% for males and 4.04% for females, χ²=0.99, P=0.320) or in the deficiency rate of VitB₁2 (3.83% for males and 2.69% for females, χ²=1.44, P=0.230). The results of multiple linear regression showed that HGB level of IFAb positive subjects was 3.05 g/L lower on average than those of IFAb negative, but IFAb had no effect on both RBC and MCV. There was no correlation between VitB₁2 deficiency and HGB, RBC and MCV. Conclusion The positive rate of IFAb and deficiency rate of VitB₁2 increase as age increases. But the presence of VitB₁₂ deficiency is later than the positive findings of IFAb. IFAb showed some effects on the level of HGB, which may compensate the limitations of VitB₁₂ detection to some extent. It is necessary to check the IFAb and level of VitB₁₂ in people with middle or old ages.