The planned digital textbook Human Parasitology, the first of its kind, published by People's Medical Publishing House is an important medical education effort that features the inte-gration of digital resources. This paper introduces the digital textbook construction goal, namely using paper-based textbook for five-year undergraduates as blueprint to reasonably display the digital re-sources based on the features of the discipline. The advantages of this digital approach over traditional paper-based textbook in demonstrating parasitic morphology, lifecycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis, epi-demiology and control are discussed. Valuable experiences in planning and constructing this digital textbook are to be shared.

Objective　To investigate the relationship between P300 of auditory event-related potential (ERP) and age, sex in healthy people. Methods　Auditory P300 was tested in 60 healthy people of different ages and the results were analyzed by t-test and the linear correlation. Results　The peak-latency (PL) and amplitude (Amp) of P300 were significantly different between the less than 59-year-old group and the more than 60-year-old group. For all subjects tested, age had positive linear correlation with PL of P300 and negative linear correlation with Amp of P300. There is no significantly sex difference in healthy people. Conclusion　There is influence of age on auditory P300. The PL is increased and the Amp is decreased with aging.

Objective To analyze the peripartum complications,frequency of neonatal abnormalities and the associated factors in patients with primary Sj?grenˊs syndrome (SS). Methods The chart of 39 patients with primary SS who were admitted to the hospital for delivery were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical data, obstetrical outcome and the frequency of neonatal abnormalities as well as the possible associated factors were analyzed. Results There were 76 pregnancies and 41 deliveries among these 39 patients. Two patients (5%) had pregnancy-related hypertension, 1 (3%) had gestational diabetes and 1 (3%) had eclampsia. Twenty-eight(72%) patients had at least one episode of complication. In which, 27(68%) were induced abortion, 2 (5%) were premature birth, 6 (21%) were amniotic fluid volume abnormalities, 2 (5%) were post-partum bleeding, 5 (13%) were premature rupture of membrane, 6 (21%) were intra-uterine distress and 3 (8%) had intra-uterine growth retardation. Fetal abnormality was detected in 7(18%) patients, in which 3 fetus (8%) died before delivery, 2 fetus (5%) were small than gestational age and 2 (5%) had fetal deformity. Compared to the reports in the literature, the rate of abortion and fetal death was higher, but the rate of growth retardation , induced abortion was lower. Conclusion The frequency of peri-partum complication and fetal abnormality is increased in patients with primary SS. Pregnancies in patients with primary SS should beclosely monitored by rheumatologists.

Objective To know the drinking water quality in the rural areas in Shanxi province in order to enhance the management of drinking water and provide the scientific basis for water improvement in the rural areas. Methods 11 counties were selected based on the geographical condition in Shanxi province and 10 investigation sites were selected in each county based on the population proportion of different drinking-water types. 14 indicators were determined for every water sample. Results In the rural areas, most drinking water sources were ground water and the type of water supply was mainly non-central water supply. The indexes that exceeded the related standard limit were fluoride,arsenic and bacteria indicators. The hygienic state of central water supply was much better(?2=4.13, P

Aim To investigate total flavones of epimedium (TFE) modulation of glycine-activated current (IGly) in acutely dissociated rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. Method Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used. Result TFE inhibited IGly reversibly in a concentration-dependent manner. It shifted the concentration-response relationship to the right without altering the maximum response and Hill coefficient of the IGly. TFE did not change the ion selectivity of glycine receptor either. Conclusion These results indicate that TFE directly inhibited the glycine receptor response by decreasing the affinity of glycine to its receptor.

Objective To explore the value of P_ 300 in early diagnosis of vascular dementia (VD) and possibility of P_ 300 in the differential diagnosis between VD and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) and P_ 300 of oddball auditory evoked model were performed in 20 normal controls,20 patients with VD,24 patients with cerebral infarction without dementia (CI) and 20 patients with AD.Results The peak latency (PL) of target N_2 and P_3 in VD group was obviously longer than those in CI and NC groups,the difference was dramatic(all P

Objective To establish a new quality control standard for danshen capsules. Methods The qualitative identification of danshen capsules was characterized by ultraviolet fluorescence and thin-layer chromatography( TLC ). The contents of tanshinoneⅡA,cryptotanshinone,salvianolic acid B,danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde in danshen capsules were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)on a C18 column. The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1,and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The HPLC linear ranges of tanshinone ⅡA,cryptotanshinone,salvianolic acid B, danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde were 2. 046-40. 92 μg · mL-1 ,1. 482 25 -59. 29 μg · mL-1 ,1. 502 55 -60. 102 μg·mL-1 ,11. 49-459. 582 μg·mL-1 ,and 0. 617 4-24. 696 μg·mL-1 ,respectively,and r values were 0. 999 9. The average recoveries were 99. 66%(RSD of 0. 91%)for tanshinoneⅡA,99. 26%(RSD of 0. 88%)for cryptotanshinone,99. 09%(RSD of 0. 76%)for salvianolic acid B,100. 51%(RSD of 0. 62%)for danshensu,and 100. 62%(RSD of 0. 82%)for protocatechuic aldehyde,respectively. The contents of the tanshinoneⅡA,cryptotanshinone,salvianolic acid B,danshensu showed a certain high level in the 3 batches of danshen capsule samples,but protocatechuic aldehyde was low by comparison. Conclusion The HPLC method is proven to be sensitive,accurate,repeatable,and can be used for quality control of the danshen capsules.

Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the differential diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions.Methods Thirty-four cystic pancreatic lesions confirmed clinically or pathologically were collected,including 11 case of non-neoplastic pseudocyst,5 cases of simple cyst,6 cases of serous cystadenoma,10 cases of mucinous cystadenoma and 2 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.All the patients underwent routine serial MR and echo-planar DW imaging examination of the pancreas with b values of 0 and 600 s/mm2.The appearances of signal intensity of DWI with all cysts were recorded.ADC maps were reconstructed,and the ratio of the cysts and cyst-to-pancreas ADC (ADCR) were calculated.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ADC and ADCR.Results Among all the 16 non-neoplastic cysts,2 cysts were slightly hyperintense in DWI,and 14 cysts were isointense.Among all the 18 neoplastic cysts,17 cysts appeared slightly hyperintense or hyperintense in DWI,and 1 cyst was isointense.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).The ADC values of non-neoplastic and neoplastic cysts were (3.30 ± 0.30) × 10-3,(2.74 ± 0.34) × 10-3 mm2/s ; and the ADCR values of non-neoplastic and neoplastic cysts were 1.85 ± 0.20,1.31 ± 0.21,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).The areas under the ROC curves of ADC and ADCR diagnosing neoplastic cysts were 0.94 ± 0.04,0.98 ± 0.02,respectively.An ADC of 3.105 × 10-3 mm2/s showed 81.3％ sensitivity and 94.4％ specificity for predicting neoplastic cysts.An ADCR of 1.525 showed 100％ sensitivity and 88.9％ specificity for predicting neoplastic cysts.Conclusions Diffusion-weighted imaging is of importance in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts,and can be applied as a complementary tool for routine MRI.

BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence col ected from animal experiments or laboratories shows that bone mesenchymal stem cel s possess potent immunosuppression and anti-inflammation effects and cartilage regenerative capability. The microenvironment in human knee joint of osteoporosis is more complex and involves lots of bioactive factors and immunologic mechanisms. OBJECTIVE:The analyze the therapeutic effects of intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s on mild-to-moderate osteoporosis, and to investigate the mechanisms for anti-inflammation, immunoregulation and reversion of cartilage degradation. METHODS:About 15 mL bone marrow was aspired from 26 patients with mild-to-moderate osteoporosis and taken to the laboratory where bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated and characterized in terms of some surface markers by a flow cytometer, and the ability of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was analyzed. The bilateral knees of each patient were divided into two groups at random. The experiment group were treated with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s by intra-articular injection (2×107 cel s), while the control group injected the same volume of control medium without bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was used to estimate the function of the knee joints before and after the treatment. We col ected the joint fluid before, 2 and 4 weeks post treatment, and then measured the production of interleukin-1, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein using ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:According to the standardized culture-expansion protocol, a sufficient number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (more than 2×107 passage 3 cel s) were obtained for intra-articular injection. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s isolated from patients were positive for CD105, CD29 and negative for CD45, CD34, and had the fair osteogenic and adipogenic capacities. The function of the knee joints was improved obviously after treatment. In the experimental group, the secretion of both interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-αand cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in the joint fluid was suppressed, while the interleukin-10 level was up-regulated compared to the control group. The results suggest that intra-articular injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can exert good effect in mild-to-moderate osteoporosis patients. Furthermore, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s via intra-articular injection can function through anti-inflammation and reversion of degradation of the articular cartilage, which is a new promising approach for treating mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the distribution of endemic arsenism and to provide a scientific basis for control and prevention of the disease.Methods According to previous investigation,in the high-arsenic water areas,the arsenic diseased areas and the surrounding lands,35 counties were investigated.Water arsenic was screened in all the survey sites,villages with water arsenic exceeding the standard were quantitative surveyed of water arsenic and the disease conditions.Screening of arsenic content in drinking water was done by the method of half-quantitative fast reagent kit.Quantitative determination of arsenic in water was done by hydride generationatomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS).Patients of endemic arsenism were diagnosed by the Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenism (WS/T 211-2001).Identification of area was done by Definition and Division Standard for Endemic Arsenism (WS 277-2007).The data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 for windows.Results Water arsenic of 151 villages in 15 counties among 1 771 villages were higher than the national drinking water quality level(0.05 mg/L).Exposure population of high arsenic was 177 018 people.The census results of high arsenic water sources indicated that the ratio of drinking water arsenic levels higher than the national standard was 35.10％ (2 355/6 709) and the highest contents of arsenic was 1.733 0 mg/L.The disease census indicated that there were 33 latency arsenism districts and 118 arsenism districts.There was totally 39 757 patients with latency arsenism.Totally 137 261 people lived in arsenism districts.Light,moderate and severe arsenism districts was 82,29 and 7,respectively.Totally 1 244 suspicious patients with endemic arsenism were discovered,and 3 473 light and more severe patients were discovered and the detected rate of light and more severe patients was 2.54％ (3 473/136 924).Most patient were not serious.Conclusions High arsenic areas and endemic arsenism areas are distributed in 15 counties of Shanxi Province.In the future primary task in prevention and control of endemic arsenism is comprehensive prevention and control measures.