Objective To investigate the effects of hydroxyethyl starch(HES 130/0.4)on leukocyte activation,mast cell degranulation and vascular permeability in rat mesentery during the early phase of endotoxemia.Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats weishing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=12 each):Ⅰ normal control group received only normal saline(NS);Ⅱ LPS group and Ⅲ HES group received LPS 2 mg/kg iv followed by iv HES infusion at 16 ml·kg-1·h-1 for 60 min(HES group)or equal volume of NS(LPS group).The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular 20% urethane 1 ml/100 g.The abdomen was opened and the mesentery of small intestine was pulled out and placed on transparent observation plate at constant temperature and moisture and examined under microscope for microcirculatory changes.Leukocytes rolling along,adhering to and emigrating from mesenteric venules,mast cell degranulation and FTTC-albumin effux from venules were examined before(baseline)and during the 90 min after LPS administration.The expression of CD11b and CD18 on the leukocytes was determined using flow cylometry.Results The number of leukocytes rolling along,adhering to and emigrating from venules and degranulated mast cells were signitlcanfly increased in LPS group as compared with control group.These LPS-induced changes were significantly inhibited in HES group.The albumin effiux Was enhanced and CD11b/CD18 expression upregulated in both LPS and HES groups.Conclusion Hydroxyethyl starch(130/0.4)can ameliorate the increased vascular permeability and microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery during the early phase of endotoxemia.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the dynamic enhanced CT signs of hepatocellual carcinoma(HCC),MVD and VEGF expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The MVD and VEGF expression were examined by means of SP immunohistochemical technique in 45 cases of HCC proved by pathology.All patients were examined by plain and contrast-enhanced CT.Results(1)The relation of pathologic grade,MVD and VEGF:the MVD in HCC of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were 22.9 ± 12.6,36.7 ±16.2,51.1±17.3,67.8±21.4,VEGF positive rates in HCC of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 28.6%(2/7),53.3%(8/15),90.9%(10/11)and 100.0%(12/12).The pathologic grading of HCC was positively correlated with MVD and VEGF expression,in grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ,Ⅱ and grade Ⅳ(P＜0.05).There were no statistical correlation between Ⅰ and Ⅱ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ or between Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P＞0.05).(2)There were three blood supply types in HCC at contrast-enhanced CT,the MVD ad VEGF positive rates were 70.6±22.9 and 85.l%(23/27)in tumors with arterial blood,65.7±21.6 and 63.6%(7/11)in those with double blood supply,and 25.1±13.5 and 28.6%(2/7)in those with poor blood supply.There was statistical difference(P＞0.05)in VEGF expression between the tumors with arterial blood,arterial combining with double blood supply and poorly blood supply.In HCC with arterial and double blood supply,MVD expression level was higher than that with poor blood supplies(P＜0.01).Conclusion MVD and VEGF expression can reflect the tumor's cell differentiation of HCC in a certain degree.

BACKGROUND: The physical property of porcelain fused to metal (PFM) differs from those of its constituents, which nake impacts on PFM,and the mechanical property of most composites can be estimated with mixture rule. However, there are various factors influencing the mechanical property of PFM and great differences found in the estimations, thus it is necessary to combine the theoretical analysis of mechanical property and mechanics of materials by matbematical models, and provide guidances for PFM' s application.OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiment and computing methods of mechanical analysis on PFM repair materials, and analyze its correlativity and internal relation.DESIGN: Three-point bending experiment and mixture rule of the composites were applied to measure and calculate the intensity and modulus of materials, and then the experimental results and computations were compared.SETTING: Repair Department of Stomatology, West China Stomatological College.MATERIALS: According to the different metal-porcelain ratios, 15 PFM test pieces of 26 mm×4 mm×1.5 mm were divided into 5 groups, with 3 in each.METHODS: Three-point bending experiment was used to detect the bending level and elastic modulus of PFM, whose changing rule was observed,and then was compared with theoretical computed value as well as study the correlation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PFM experimental result, theoretical computation and the comparison of the two,RESULTS: There were obvious correlations between the experimental measurement and theoretical results, which indicated that the mechanical property of PFM could be predicted by the revised formula.CONCLUSION: The mechanical property of PFM has regular relations with the geometrical morphous parameter and mechanical parameter of PFM constituents, and can be predicted and improved by revised theoretical formula.

Objective To summarize some problems about the management of acute pancreatic pseuclocyst(PPC) by CT guided percutaneous drainage(PCD).Methods The recent domestic and foreign literatures were reviewed in order to explore the research advancement,such as indication,applied time,technique skill,complication and curative effect by CT guided PCD.Results This operation could be early performed in patients with acute PPC,preventing and decreasing the incidence of possible complications resulted from the traditional long-term observation and waiting.The technique skill of operation was easy with low incidence of complications and the effect was good.Combined use of somatostatin might shorten the treatment time.Some patients could be postoperatively managed in out-patient,thus the expense could be cut down.Conclusions CT guided PCD is a minimally invasive operation and is easy to perform with high effective rate and low incidence of complications and low cost.Reasonable selection of the indications and improvement of equipments and operation techniques may be helpful to improve the curative effect.The extended application of this operation is advised.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effects of compound glycyrrhizin combined with halometasone cream on vitiligo.METHODS:95patients with vitiligo were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.64patients in treatment group had taken compound glycyrrhizin continuously for60days at a dose of1～3tablets with3times per day,meanwhile,0.05%halometasone cream had been used locally with2times per day.While31other patients in control group had only been treated with0.05%halometasone cream with2times per day for60days.RESULTS:The efficacy rate in treatment group was62.5%as compared with32.3%in control group,there existed significant difference between the two groups(P

Objective: To compare the anesthetic and analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine and their side reactions in combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA) and postoperative analgesia in pediatric surgery. Methods: Fifty children for lower abdominal surgery, aged 6-14 years, were randomly assigned to receive either ropivacaine (Group R, n =25) or bupivacaine (Group B, n =25) for CSEA. Spinal injection for Group R was a mixture of 1.5 ml of 10 g?L -1 ropivacaine, 0.5 ml distilled water and 1ml of 100 g?L -1 dextrose. The injection for Group B was the same as that for Group R except 0.5 ml of 7.5 g?L -1 bupivacaine . The terminal concentrations of anesthetics were 5 g?L -1 for the two groups. The injection volume was calculated as: ml=(age?0.2+weight?0.5)/2. When operations prolonged to 1.5 h, epidural infusion at the rate of 1 mg?kg -1 ?h -1 started with 2.5 g?L -1 ropivacaine for Group R and 2.5 g?L -1 bupivacaine for Group B. The observed variables were the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, SpO 2, block level, visual analogue scores, and motor block. Epidural postoperative analgesia was performed for Group R with 100 ml of 0.75 g?L -1 ropivacaine to which 100 mg tramadol and 5 mg were added, and for Group B with 100 ml of 0.75 g?L -1 bupivacaine instead. Backgroup infusion was 3 ml?h -1 for the children aged 6-9 years or 4 ml?h -1 for the children aged 10-14 years, bolus was 2 ml controlled by children or their parents when necessary, and locktime was 15 min. The observed variables were the efficacy of postoperative analgesia, recession of motor block of legs, and the incidence of headache, nausea and vomiting, leg numbness, and urinary retention within 24 h after operation. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in block level. Motor block was much milder in Group R than that in Group B during operation, and recessed faster after operation. Only one case of nausea occurred in each group, and one case of urinary retention in Group B without statistical significance. Conclusion: Either ropivacaine or bupivacaine can be satisfactorily used in CSEA for analgesia during and after operation. However, ropivacaine has a weaker motor block than bupivacaine, which benefits early walking after operation and recovery of bowl movement.

Objective To explore the indications, superiority and surgical technique of periareolar approach in the management of benign breast diseases. Methods 132 patients with benign breast disease (91 cases of Fibroadenoma, 12 cases of limited gland hyperplasia, 8 cases of cyst, 2 cases of benign phyllodes tumor and 6 cases of male gynecomastia) underwent operation through areolar incision. Results All patients were followed up for 1-10 months. 107 cases were satisfied with their treatment,19 cases were not quite satisfied with the relatively long incision, and 6 cases were not satisfied with the front incision. The one-month-later reexamination showed that 117 cases feel good and 15 cases had partial numbness of the nipple (15/132, 11.36%). All but two patients wound healing delayed because of local hematoma (2/132, 1.52%). Neither necrosis nor infection was found. Conclusions With the advantages of fewer complications and cosmetic effect, periareolar approach can be applied in management of various benign breast diseases. Factors such as indications, anatomical layer, postoperative molding, appropriate drainage, pressure dressing should be taken into consideration for the success of operation.

Objective To study the recombination type of B/C genotype in hepatitis B virus.Methods The PCR was applied to amplifed the whole genes of HBV through the serums of four chronic HBV carriers who come from Jinghong distict,Yunnan province.The whole HBV genomes were ligated with pMD18-T vector and trasformed to E.coli JM109.After the positive colones were picked up,the HBV genotypes and recombinated sites were discoved through sequenced the acquired positive colones.Results All the acquired sixteen HBV sequences from the four HBV carriers were genotype B which were combinated with genotype C in some region.There are two ways of the combinations.For the first one,a 496 bp fragment from genotype C taked place the genotype B at the place of nt1825 to nt2320 of precore C/C region.For the second way,a 695 bp fragment of genotype B taked place at the both sites of nt822 to nt1020 of P gene region and nt1825 to nt2320 of precore C/C region.Conclusion A new recombination type of B/C genotype in hepatitis B virus was reported for the first time.The new Bj subgenotype was combinated with genotype C not only at the region of precore C/C but also at the place of P gene region.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride injection for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing the operation under general anesthesia in a prospective,randomized,blind,multicenter,positive-controlled,clinical trial.Methods Two hundred and forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 40-95 kg,scheduled for elective abdominal operation or orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =120 each):morphine sulfate injection group (group M) and oxycodone hydrochloride injection group (group O).Morphine or oxycodone 1 mg was injected intravenously when the patients complained of pain after tracheal extubation or removal of the laryngeal mask,and administration was repeated if necessary until VAS≤40 mm.Then patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) (100 ml,0.5 mg/ml) with morphine or oxycodone was used for postoperative analgesia (lasting for 48 h).The PCIA pump was set up with a 1 ml bolus dose,a 5 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/h.Pain at rest and during movement was assessed using VAS score at 3,24 and 48 h after administration,and non-inferiority test was performed.Total morphine or oxycodone consumption,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered dose,the number of attempts,and the level of patient' s satisfaction were recorded within 48 h after operation.The adverse events were recorded and laboratory examinations (blood and urine routine test,blood biochemical examination) were performed within 72 h after administration.Results There was no significant difference in the VAS scores at rest and during movement at different time points,requirement for rescue analgesic,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses and attempts,level of patient' s satisfaction,total morphine or oxycodone consumption,and adverse events between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No serious adverse event occurred in the two groups.The most common adverse event was nausea,followed by vomiting.There was no significant difference in the incidences and degree of nausea and vomiting between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The incidences of nausea and vomiting in patients underwent orthopedic surgeries were significantly lower in group O than in group M (P ＜ 0.05).The other adverse events were fewer and abnormal laboratory examinations were rare in the two groups.95％ confidence interval of the difference between the mean VAS scores at rest and during movement at each time point was within 15 mm (boundary values of non-inferiority testing) in the two groups.Conclusion PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is safe and effective in reducing pain after moderate or major operation,and the analgesic efficacy is similar to that of morphine sulfate injection,however,the development of nausea and vomiting is reduced when PCIA with oxycodone hydrochloride injection is used for orthopedic surgeries as compared with that when morphine sulfate injection is used and the ratio between the analgesic efficacy of the two drugs is close to 1∶1.

Aim To observe the effects of the ethyl ace-tate extract from Coreopsis tinctoria on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver, kidney function in diabetic rats. Method By high-sugar, high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( streptozoto-cin, STZ ) Type 2 diabetes SD rat model was estab-lished. Model rats were randomly divided into six groups ( control group, model group, three dose groups Coreopsis tinctoria extract:low, middle,high 0. 15 g· kg-1;0. 3 g·kg-1;0. 6 g·kg-1 , positive drug met-formin 0. 16 g · kg-1 group ) . The control group and the model group were given physiological saline and the remaining groups intragastric administration coreofosis tinctoria extrat. Random blood glucose and body weight of rats were measured weekly. After 4 weeks of admin-istration, The rats were killed and rat serum was col-lected to detect serum lipids ( TC/TG/HDL/LDL ) , liver and renal function indicators, serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin levels. Result Coreopsis tincto-ria ethyl acetate extract effectively reduced the diabetic rats random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin,serum triglycerides, LDL, total serum protein, serum creati-nine and uric acid levels, and increased serum white protein content in diabetic rats. Conclusion Coreop-sis tinctoria ethyl acetate extract can reduce blood glu-cose and lipid in diabetic SD rats and protect their liver and kidney function.