Objective To study the morphological changes, human bitemarks were made on the living and dead canine skin. Method The changing patterns of the human bitemarks were recorded with morphological parameters measured. The relationships among the patterns of the bitemark, tooth area, time, ocdusal force, tooth width and thickness were analyzed by multiple progressive regression. Results The multiple progressive regression equations of the morphological changes of human bitemark were established: S=-6.96-1.68?10 2T-0.11F +2.21W+3.75H(Live dog test,T

Objective Digital analysis of human bitemarks by blind method was assessed for its accura-cy. Method Digital analysis was used in double-blind method for identification of human bitemarks with control samples from 8 suspects. Photoshop 5.5 generates an overlay from bitemarks scanned and various coefficients were submitted for analysis by AutoCAD R14 engineering software to compare bitemarks with denture of suspects. Results Digital analysis shows that bitemarks tally with cast of denture from "suspects" in every coefficient. Conclusion Digital analysis is feasible for identification of experimental bitemarks and promises sound prospects in future forensic practice.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of cavernosography in the venous leakage impotence.Methods Cavernosography were performed for 25 patients with the venous leakage impotence who had been diagnosed by the clinic just after the contrast agent had been injected.The appearance of cavernosography were analysed.Results Different degree venous leakage had been shown in 25 cases.The diagnostic accordance rate of the cavernosography,clinic impotence for the venous leakage was 100%(25/25).The accordance rate of the degree of the venous leakage shown by the cavernosography and pointed out by the clinical impotence was 36%(9/25).Conclusion Cavernosography not only can show the venous leakage and its location,but also can know the degree of the venous leakage.

As a member of interferon regulatory factor family (IRF),IRF3 plays an important role in triggering the expression of type Ⅰ interferons and downstream interferon-stimulated genes,contributing to many biological process.Researches have found that it plays an anti-oncogene role in inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration,inducing cell apoptosis.The mechanism involves in tumor immunity and inflammatory reaction,apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition.The alternative splicing isoforms of IRF3 act as negative modulators of IRF3 and affect tumor development progress.The recent signaling pathways and pathogenesis researches provide new ideas for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Objective To discuss the research status of TCM therapy for ADHD in China in recent ten years; To provide references for clinical workers. Methods Clinical research papers about TCM therapy for ADHD in CNKI, VIP, and CBM from 1st January 2005 to 1st April 2015 were retrieved. Metrology analysis was conducted from the aspects of publication time, diagnostic criteria, contrasted medicine, and types and features of TCM therapy. Results By eliminating duplication literature, 670 papers were screened out. After the screening of exclusion criteria, 148 papers were included. DSM-Ⅳ and CCMD-3 were the most commonly used diagnostic criteria in the 148 papers; internal therapy was the main therapy in TCM therapy; decoction was the main dosage form; liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome and heart-liver fire syndrome were the main patterns of syndrome; Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata and other 19 Chinese medicinal herbs were the main Chinese mateia medica; Xiaoer Zhili Syrup was the most commonly used Chinese patent medicine; acupuncture and moxibustion and auricular point therapy were the main external therapy, and external combined with internal therapy had the best efficacy. Conclusion TCM therapy for ADHD is with high effectiveness. External combined with internal therapy has the best efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between severity of airway obstruction and peripheral arterial stiffness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 81 COPD patients [aged (78.32 ± 6.98)yrs,73 males,8 females] from Jan 2008 to Oct 2012 were enrolledin Geriatric Department of Peking University First Hospital.All patients underwent spirometry and Holter evaluation,while age,sex,BMI,smoking pack-years,medical history,blood levels of lipid profiles,glucose,high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP)and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)were recorded.The severity of airway obstruction was evaluated by spirometry.The patients were divided into two groups:mild/moderate group [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1％) predicted ≥ 50 ％,n=51] and severe group (FEV1％ predicted ＜ 50％,n=30).24-hour average heart rate (HR)was assessed by holter.Arterial stiffness was assessed by the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).The baPWV increment was considered to be a direct witness of arterial stiffness increase.Blood levels of lipid profiles,glucose,arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2)and hsCRP were compared between the two groups.Results Age,gender,smoking index,medical history of the two groups were matched.BMI was less in severe group than in mild/moderate group [(22.8± 4.2) kg/m2 vs.(25.3± 3.2) kg/m2,t=3.017,P＜0.05].24-hour average HR was higher in severe group than in mild/moderate group [(77.4± 12.7)bpm vs.(70.8± 9.6)bpm,t=-2.602,P＜0.05].The PaO2 was lower in severe group than in mild/moderate group [(74.6±13.0)mmHg vs.(82.4± 13.1)mmHg,t=2.456,P＜0.05].There were no differences in blood lipid profile and glucose levels between the two groups.76 patients (93.4％)were detected with peripheral arterial stiffness by baPWV＞14.00 m/s.baPWV was significantly increased in severe group as compared with mild/moderate group [(20.77 ± 3.71) m/s vs.(18.84 ± 1.88) m/s,t=-2.109,P＜0.05].hsCRP was significantly higher in severe group than in mild/moderate group [[(6.51±5.66)mg/L vs.(3.27±3.34)mg/L,t=-2.658,P＜0.01].Conclusions The morbidity of peripheral arterial stiffness is increased in patients with COPD.Progression of arterial stiffness is related to the severity of airway obstruction,which may be related to chronic inflammation,hypoxia,or excessive sympathetic activation.

BACKGROUND:With the development of biochemistry and cel biology, fracture has being study deeper, blood supply has been known to be an important factor influencing the fracture healing. Endothelial progenitor cel s with good ability of angiogenesis wil have a good clinical prospect in fracture healing.
OBJECTIVE:To review the recent research of endothelial progenitor cel s in fracture healing.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed databases was performed to col ect articles published between 1980 and 2014 with the key words“endothelial progenitor cel , fracture, neovascularization, angiogenesis”in Chinese and English. A total of 48 articles addressing endothelial progenitor cel for angiogenesis in fracture healing were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Increasing evidence has shown that endothelial progenitor cel s have great ability of neovascularzition and angiogenesis. Endothelial progenitor cel s used in tissue engineering scaffolds can promote the survival rate of scaffolds in vivo, which is appropriate to a great part of delayed union and nonunion patients. However, the large-scale treatment with endothelial progenitor cel s stil has many problems, such as isolation, culture and amplification of endothelial progenitor cel s in vitro, the number of transplanted cel s and selection of scaffolds for transplanted cel s, which need further research.

BACKGROUND: Traditional treatment includes conservative therapy and surgical treatment on bronchial pleural fistula. With the development of endoscopic therapy, a new safe and effective method is concerned. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the therapeutic effect of treating bronchopleural fistula using bronchoscopy-guided injection of fibrin sealant combined with gelatin sponge filled and microwave following after lung resection. METHODS: Totally 8 cases of bronchial fistula patients were received injection of fibrin sealant after microwave and gelatin sponge filled by bronchoscopy, including 6 males and 2 females, mean aged 53.8 years (39-73 year-old). Cases 1 and 2 received left upper pulmonary Iobectomy, cases 3 received left lower pulmonary Iobectorny, case 4 received right lower pulmonary Iobectomy, cases 5 and 6 received right upper pulmonary Iobectomy, and the cases 7 and 8 received pneumonectomy. bronchopleuralfistula occurred after postoperative Chemotherapy in cases 4 and 8. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The case 8 was failed to treatment due to the large orificium fistulae (> 5 mm) and disappointed results after 6 times plugging. The other 7 patients were cured successfully. The injection time was correlated to the size of orificium fistulae, and the plugging was successful for 4 patients with less than 3 mm orificium fistulae. However, a third or fifth plugging was performed for 3 cases with 3-5 rnm orificium fistulae. No surgery-related complications occurred in all patients. Bronchoscopy guided injection of fibrin sealant combined with gelatin sponge and microwave is a safe and effective method for bronchial fistula.

Objective To study the effects of Poly(I:C) on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells viability and illuminate the mechanism of Poly (I:C)-induced apoptosis in A549 cells.Methods A549 cells were transfected with the complex of Poly(I:C) and lipofectamine 3000.The viability of A549 cells was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTF) method.The apoptotic cells were tested by flow cytometry.The caspase proteins were tested by Western blotting and the expressions of interferon-β (IFN-β) and CXCL-10 were assayed by real-time PCR.After employing the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK,the variation of Poly (I:C) proapoptosis in A549 cells was observed.RNA interfering experiments were employed to knock down melanoma differentiation related antigen 5 (MDA5) or retinoic acidinduced gene Ⅰ (RIG-Ⅰ),and the above indexes were tested.Results The viability of A549 cells was significantly reduced to 74.92％ ±--6.24％ after 200 ng/ml Poly (I:C) transfection compared with that before transfection (95.32％ ± 3.05％,t =2.883,P =0.041).The apoptotic rates induced by 100,200,400 ng/ml Poly(I:C) were 9.97％-± 0.88％,23.63％-± 1.41％,32.57％-± 2.39％,respectively.All of them were higher than that in the control group (0.74％-± 0.15％),with significant differences (t =4.489,P =0.002;t =11.616,P =0.000;t =16.932,P =0.000).Besides,the death receptor pathway proteins such as TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL),cleaved-caspase-8 and cleaved-caspase-3 increased obviously.MDA5/RIG-Ⅰ pathway was also activated dramatically and the expressions of IFN-β,CXCL-10 were significantly up-regulated.The apoptotic rates reduced to 3.17％ ± 0.66％,5.35％ ± 0.64％ with pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK pretreatment,compared with the control group (15.87％ ±0.93％),and the differences were statistically significant (t =8.643,P =0.001;t =6.824,P =0.002).Moreover,the expressions of TRAIL,IFN-β and CXCL-10 induced by Poly (I:C) were inhibited with MDA5 or RIG-Ⅰ depletion.Conclusion Poly(I:C) can reduce the survival rate of A549 cells and promote the apoptosis mainly by activating the death-receptor pathway mediated by MDA5/RIG-Ⅰ probably,which may involve in IFN-β,CXCL-10.

Objective To explore the effect of endogenous H_2S in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) patients, and its relationship with the severity of IPF. Methods Plasma H_2S in 27 patients with IPF (IPF group) and 28 healthy people (control group) were tested. PaO_2, ESR, CRP, LDH, HRCT and pulmonary function in IPF group were tested to evaluate the severity of the disease at the same time. Then the concentrations of H_2S in aggravating and palliative period in IPF group were observed. Results (1) Compared with the control group, the concentration of plasma H_2S in IPF group was significantly reduced(P <0. 01). (2) The concentration of H_2S in aggravating period was higher than that during palliative period(P <0. 01) . (3) With the progress of HRCT,there was a descending trend of plasma H_2S(P >0. 05). Conclusion Endogenous H_2S was probably involved in the course of IPF, and was associated with the progress of the disease.