This article reviewed the effects of acupuncture on structure and function of central nervous system (CNS). Acupuncture is effective on motor function and ability of learning and memory. The mechanism is complex, including cerebral blood flow, pathomorphism, energy metabolism, free radicals metabolism, cell apoptosis, synaptic connections, and expression of neurotrophic factor, etc.

Objective To explore the influence of proteasome inhibitor, MG-132 (N-benz0y1oxycarbonyl(Z)-Leu-Leuleucina1) on the expressions of carboxyl terminus of the Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in ischemia reperfusion (I/R) rats and investigate the underlying mechanism of myocardial protection by the inhibitor. Methods Totally 54 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, sham group (n=6), I/R group (n=24) and treatment group (I/R+T, n=24). The later 2 groups were further equally divided into 3 subgroups according different time of reperfusion. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and then released for 2 h or 24 h or 7 d in different subgroups. Five minutes before reperfusion, MG-132 at dose of 0.75 mg/kg was given intravenously in I/R+T group,but I/R group and sham group were given the same volume of normal saline. The levels of CHIP and HSP70 at mRNA and protein level were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting respectively. The correlation between CHIP and HSP70 expression was analyzed. Results Compared with I/R groups, the mRNA levels of CHIP and HSP70 were significantly increased in I/R+T groups (P

UV second derivative spectrophotometry was used for the analysis of compounded Chinese medicinal prescription in order to eliminate interference from prescription base. Amplitude D and △A were taken as the quantitative informatious. Synthetic decanoyl acetaldehyde in compounded Chinese medicinal prescription were determined by two methods. The Correlation coefficicnts of the standard curve were found to be 0.9994 and 0.9996,the mean recovery to be 98.10% and 96 31%.

Objective: To study the elimination half-life of propofol in mouse brain. Methods: One hundred and forty mice were injected with propofol 32 mg/kg through caudal vein. The mice were divided into 14 groups with different time points, i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,15,30,45,and 60 min,with 10 mice in each group. The mice were killed to obtain arterial blood by picking off their eyeballs, and their brains by cutting off their heads. The concentrations of propofol in serum and brain were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The parameters of elimination half-life were calculated by software 3P97. Results: Time to peak concentration of propofol in serum was about 1 min, and time to peak concentration of propofol in brain was about 3 min. The elimination half-life of propofol in brain were (9.6? 0.5) mins. Conclusion: The peak concentrations of propofol in brain was later than it in serum. There is correlation between the concentrations of propofol in blood and in brain. The metabolism of propofol in effect site could be measured accurately by the elimination half-life in brain.

ve To evaluate the performance of the target controlled infusion (TCI) system of midazolam for sedation during operation in terms of safety and ease of use in the elderly and the young. Methods Forty-four unpremedicated ASA I - II patients scheduled for elective surgery under epidural or combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia were included in this study. The patients were divided into two age groups: the elderly group aged 61-82 yr ( n = 22) and the young group aged 19-43 yr (n = 22) . Patients with neurological or severe cardiopulmonary diseases or abnormal liver or kidney function were excluded. The block height was maintained below T4. The TCI system consisted of Intel Pentium III 450 MHz computer and Graseby 3500 computerized infusion pump. The software we used was Stelpump Version 1.05 written by Pina and Coetzee and the pharmacokinetic model and parameter were described by Arram and Buhrer. The effect site concentration of midazolam was targeted and started from 50ng?ml-1, then increased in increment of 50 ng?ml-1 (in the young group) or 25ng?ml-1 (in the elderly group) until the patient did not respond to light shaking (defined as unconsciousness) . Each incremental increase was maintained for 15 min. Arterial blood samples were taken in ten patients randomly selected from each group at 10 and 15min after each incremental increase of midazolam concentration for determination of plasma midazolam concentration by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) .Results The bias (median performance error) of the TCI system of midazolam was 7.9% in the elderly group and 11.6% in young groups. The precision (median absolute performance error) was 20.0% in both groups. They were clinically acceptable. Conclusions The TCI system of midzolam can provided sedation for patients undergoing surgery under spinal and/or epidural anesthesia safely and efficiently in both the old and young.

Objective To assess the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during midazolam sedation with TCI in the elderly and young patients. Methods Thirty-eight ASA I - Ⅱ patients scheduled for elective surgery on lower abdomen or lower extremities under epidural or combined epidural-spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups of 19 patients each: the young group (18-40 yr) and the elderly group (60-89 yr). Radial artery was cannulated for intra-arterial pressure monitoring and blood sampling. HRV was monitored by HXD-1 monitoring system. HRV parameters included total power (TP), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), LF/HF, nuLF(LF/TP ?100%) and NuHF(HF/TP ? 100%) . The height of block was maintained below T5. TCI was used to achieve a rapid induction and maintenance of a stable target blood midazolam concentration. Target blood midazolam concentration was started from 50 ng/ml and gradually increased with increment of 25 ng/ml in elderly group or 50ng/ml in the young group until loss of consciousness (OAA/S =1). Arterial blood samples were taken at each target blood midazolam concentration for determination of blood midazolam concentration. HRV parameters were recorded at different OAA/S scores during both the induction of and recovery from sedation. Results With increasing depth of sedation, most of the HRV parameters (LF, nuLF, LF/HF and TP) decreased progressively, while nuHF increased and HF remained unchanged. During recovery from midazolam-induced sedation, HRV parameters returned gradually to the baseline values. OAA/S scores and HRV parameters were well correlated(r = 0.502-0.719). The trend of changes in HRV was consistent in both groups. At the same OAA/S score, most values of HRV parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. Only during deep sedation (OAA/S=1), values of all HRV parameters were significantly lower in the elderly group than those in the young group, except LF/HF. Conclusions During profound sedation (OAA/S=1) midazolam depresses the activity of the autonomic nervous system more markedly in the elderly than in the young, but the elderly without cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system disorders has the same ability to keep the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system as theyoung.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of MRS acquired by body coil(BODY)and endorectal Coil(ERC)in the detection of prostate cancer.Methods MRI and 3D MRS were performed in 12 patients with prostate disease,in which 6 of them were proved to have prostate cancer and the other 6 noncancerous disease.Both BODY and ERC MRS were performed in 7 patients,and only BODY MRS was performed in the other 5 patients.All MRS data were quantitatively assessed with a per-sextant method.The metabolic ratio of(Choline+Creatine)/Citrate[(Cho+Cre)/Cit]was measured in each ROI.ROC analysis was carried out to assess and to compare the diagnostic value of BODY and ERC MRS in patients with prostate cancer with Wilcoxon test.Results (1)The ratios of(Cho+Cre)/Cit in the prostate cancer group(median 1.744,0.295 to 7.998)was statistically higher than that in the non-prostate cancer group (median 0.412,0.112 to 2.113)acquired by using BODY MRS(Z=-9.159,P＜0.01).(2)The ratios of(Cho+Cre)/Cit in the prostate cancer group(median 1.975,0.479 to 7.998)was statistically higher than that in the lion-prostate cancer group(median 0.400,0.104 to 2.232)acquired by using ERC MRS(Z=-9.200,P＜0.01).(3)The mean ratios of(Cho+Cre)/Cit in the prostate cancer group and in the non-prostate cancer group acquired by using both coils were not of statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).(4)ROC analysis for diagnosing prostate cancer showed no significant difference(P=0.851)between the areas under the curve of BODY and that of ERC MRS(Az=0.93 1 and 0.935 respectively).Conclusion The BODY MRS could provide comparable diagnostic efficacy to ERC MRS in patients with prostate cancer.

Objective To detect amniotic fluid ABH blood group substances and ABO blood group genotype by the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers(PCR-SSP) to increase the prenatal diagnosis of fetal ABO blood group .Methods 53 pregnant women with gestational age 16 -25 weeks were selected .Amniotic fluid was extracted for detecting ABH blood group substances by the serological indirect agglutinating reaction ;the amniotic fluid cells were separated for extracting DNA .Then the PCR-SSP technique was adopted to analyze the ABO blood group genotypes .Results 16 specimens of amniotic fluid were non-se-creting type phenotype(30 .2% ) and 37 specimens of amniotic fluid were secreting type phenotype (69 .8% );48 specimens of amni-otic fluid were detected out the ABO blood group genotype by the PCR-SSP method .ABO blood group of fetal amniotic fluid cells by the gene identification was consistent to the detection results of amniotic fluid secreting type ABH blood group substances .Con-clusion The PCR-SSP technique can accurately detect the fetal amniotic fluid cells ABO blood group .

Objective To investigate clinical significance of the changes in the peripheral blood T lymphocytes subsets in patients with diseases related to HBV infection .Methods 257 cases of inpatients and outpatients were selected from Jan .to Dec .2013 ,and were divided into hepatitis B carriers (ASC)group ,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)group ,hepatocirrhosis(LC)group and primary liver cancer(PHC)group according to types of diseases related to HBV infection .Other 50 healthy individuals conducted physical exami‐nation were enro1led in the control group .The absolute CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell count ,and CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ percent‐age and CD4+ /CD8+ value were detected in all subjects by using flow cytometer .These data were compared and analyzed .Results Compared with the control group ,there were no significant differences of the absolute CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell count ,and CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ percentage and CD4+ /CD8+ value in ASC group ,CHB group and LC group(P>0 .05) .Compared with the control group ,the absolute CD4+ T‐cell count ,CD4+ percentage and the CD4+ /CD8+ value were decreased in the PHC group , while the CD8+ percentage were increased in the PHC group ,there were statistical significant differences between the two groups (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets could be monitor indexes of cell immune function in diseases related to HBV infection .

OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of nosocomial infection and the correlated risk factors of death in patients admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit(SICU) of Peking University First Hospital.METHODS The clinical data of the occurrence,sites,and pathogenic microorganisms of nosocomial infection in patients(admitted) to the SICU from Jan 2002 to Jan 2005 were analyzed retrospectively,and the correlated risk factors of death in patients with nosocomial infection were screened by Logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Nosocomial infection occurred in 4.2% patients admitted to the SICU.The mortality of patients with nosocomial infection was(48.9%.) The most frequent sites of infection were lower respiratory tract(88.9%),hematological system((48.9%),) and urinary tract(26.7%).The most prevalent pathogens of infection were Gram-negative(bacteria)((64.1%),) including Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-(baumannii) complex and Klebsiella oxytoca.Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 24.8%,including MRSA,MRSE,and Enterococcus faecium.Fungi accounted for 11.1%,of which Candida albicans was the most frequent one.(Multidrug) resistance was an important character of the pathogens of nosocimal infection of SICU.(Aggregate)(analysis) of the correlated risk factors of death showed there were three indenpedent risk factors,including mental disturbance,hypotension,and acute renal failure(P=0.015,0.028,and 0.003,respectively).CONCLUSIONS Careful monitoring should be made for infections of lower respiratory tract,hematological system and urinary tract for patients in the SICU.The species diversity and multidrug resistance of pathogens of nosocomial infection in the SICU make it difficult to initiate the early empirical antibiotic therapy.Empirical selection of antibiotics should be made according to the local data of species and susceptibility patterns of pathogens of nosocomial infection.Mental disturbance,hypotension and acute renal failure are three independent risk factors of death for patients with(nosocomia)l infection in SICU.