Objective To study the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane on controlled hypotension in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing craniocerebral surgery. Methods Twenty-six patients with coronary heart disease undergoing craniocerebral surgery were randomly divided into two groups,receiving either inhaled 2%-5%sevoflurane plus intravenous sodium nitroprusside (treatment group,n=13) or intravenous sodium nitroprusside 3-8 μg·kg-1 alone (contorl group,n=13) for blood pressure control. The hemodynamic changes were recorded during the operation. Patient satisfaction with surgeons and the duration hospital stay after surgery were recorded. The levels of cardiac troponin I (TNI),creatine kinase-MB (CK-MBM),neuron specific enolase ( NSE) and S100 calcium binding proteinβ( S-100βprotein) in serum were detected at one day pre-operation,the end of the operation,and one day post-operation. Results The duration of hospital stay after surgery was significantly shortened in treatment group [(20. 3±3. 8) versus (23. 9±4. 6) d,P<0. 05) compared with control group. The average heart rate significantly decreased, patient satisfaction significantly increased, and serum levels of NSE and S-100β protein one day post-operation significantly decreased as compared to control group (all P<0. 05). Compared with the day before operation,serum levels of NSE and S-100βprotein in the two groups increased significantly at the end of surgery (P<0. 05),and the levels of TNI,CK-MBM,NSE and S-100βsignificantly elevated one day post-operation (P<0. 05). Compared with the end of operation,serum levels of NSE and S-100βin contorl group incarcerated remarkably (P<0. 05) Conclusion Sevoflurane plays an important neuroprotective role,as evidenced by improving patients' satisfaction,reducing hospital stay after surgery,and maintaining the balance of myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption in craniocerebral surgery patients with coronary heart disease during controlled hypotension. However,it can not prevent postoperative myocardial injury in these patients.

BACKGROUND:Preliminary experiments have reported the influence of serum and nerve growth factor on olfactory ensheathing cells proliferation in vitro, but there are less studies concerning choice of serum concentration and growth time for in vitro culture of olfactory ensheathing cells.
OBJECTIVE:To find out the influence of different blood serum concentration and growth time on olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory mucosa of adult rats based on the growth curve of olfactory ensheathing cells.
METHODS:The olfactory ensheathing cells from the olfactory mucosa of adult rats were separated, culture and identified in vitro. Sulforhodamine B and microplate reader were employed to measure absorbance values and plot growth curve of olfactory ensheathing cells.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When cultured for the same time in blood serum of different concentrations, absorbance values, especial y in the groups 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, tended to increase with time except the 0%group. When cultured in the same serum for different time, absorbance values increased within the first 9 days, then promoted rapidly in the groups 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%at 13 days, entered the plateau phase at 19 days, and decreased at 23 days;meanwhile, in the other groups (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%) the absorbance values peaked at the 13th day and then decreased gradual y. These findings indicate that different serum concentrations and different growth time in vitro affect cellgrowth and survival of olfactory ensheathing cells significantly, which should be ful y considered when cells are cultured in an in vitro condition.

Objective To study the effects of controlled hypotension with sevoflurane on hymo-dynamics and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in neurosurgery.Methods Thirty-seven ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱpatients undergoing elective intracranial surgery were enrolled.The patients were treated with general anesthesia and assigned to two experimental groups,sevoflurane group (group S,n=20)and sodium nitroprusside group (group N,n=1 7).HR,BP,SpO2 and ECG were continuously monitored during operation.Blood samples were taken from radial artery and internal jugular bulb to determine cerebral arteriovenous oxygen differences (Da-jvO2 ) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ). Results The HR in group S were decreased during hypotension,5 min,10 min,20 min,and 30 min compared with group N (P <0.05).Da-jvO2 and CMRO2 both in two groups were decreased during hypotension(P < 0.05 ),but there was no difference between the two groups.RPP was lower in group S than in group N during hypotension.Conclusion Controlled hypotension with sevoflurane does not increase HR and improves cerebral blood flow-metabolism coupling.

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fas and P53 are important regulator and control gene which can promote apoptosis. They belong to the receptor family part of tumor necrotic factor/nerve growth factor. Their expression products have effects on apoptosis signal transmission, and can regulate and control cell apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. And puerarin can alleviate the level of cell apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of puerarin on Fas and P53, the apoptosis-related gene of nerve cell in hippocampns CA1 region of rats af ter cerebral resuscitation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at Emergency Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University ofScience and Technology from September 2001 to Februray 2002. Totally 45 of 3 months old Wistar rats of clean grade were selected, and randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group, model control group and puerarin treatment group with 15 rats in each group.METHODS: Acute global brain ischemia-reperfusion models were established in rats of puerarin treatment group and model control group. In rats of sham operation group, stigmata of both flanks of the first cervical vertebrae were isolated, but bilateral vertebral arteries were not electric coagulated, and biolateral common carotid arteries were only isolatedwithout clamping close. Rats in puerarin treatment group were given puerarin injection 100 mg/kg, 1 hour before ischemia, and model control group were given normal saline in equivalence while rats in sham operation group were not given medicine. Death of rats in each group was performed separately in the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th and 48th hours after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion with 3 rats per group in each time. Hippocampus tissues of rats were isolated, and tissue slices were preparated. And the changes of- the protein expression levels and the number of apoptosis cells of rats in each group at different time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were detected in immuno-histochemical method and end labelling in situ method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The number of positive cells inprotein expression of Fas and P53 in hippocampus CA1 region of rats in each group at different time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was studied. ② Comparison of the number of apoptosis cells in hippocampus CA1 region of rats between groups at different time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion were studied, too.RESULTS: All the 45 rats enrolled in research were entered the stage of result analysis: ① The number of positive cells in protein expression of Fas in hippocampus CA1 region of rats in each group at different time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion: Obvious gene expression of Fas was not found in sham operation group. In contrast with model control group, obvious decrease was found at all time points after cerebral ischemi a-reperfusion in puerarin treatment group, and in the 6th, 12th, 24th and 48th hour the differences were significant [(15.0±4.3), (13.5±4.9); (40.7±3.4), (27.2±3.1); (37.0±4.8), (22.0±2.1); (24.7±4.1), (18.9±5.3)/mm; P < 0.05,P < 0.01]. ② The number of positive cells in protein expression of P53 in hippocanpus CA1 region of rats in each group at different time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion: Obvious gene expression of P53 was not found in sham operation group. In contrast with model control group, obvious decrease was found in the 24th and 48th hour after cerebral ischemiareperfusion in puerarin treatment group [(25.3±4.4), (12.8±2.7); (24.3±3.6), (10.9±3.0)/mm; P < 0.01]. ③ Comparison of the number of apoptosis cells in hippocampus CA1 region of rats between groups at different time point after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion :In contrast with model control group,obvious decrease was found in the 12th, 24th and 48th hour after cerebral is chemia-reperfusion in puerarin treatment group [(34.0±3.7), (21.0±3.7); (41.0±4.2), (33.0±4.8); (71.0±5.5), (41.0±3.4)/mm; P < 0.01].CONCLUSION: In rats which were given puerarin treatment, the expression of Fas decrease obviously in 6 to 48 hours after cerebral ischemiareperfusion, and the expression of P53 decreased obviously in the 24th to 48th hour after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and a descent tendency could be found in the number of apoptosis cells. These can further prove the cerebral protective effect of puerarin, and indicate that the inhibition of puerarin to cell apotosis after cerebral resuscitation is related to its effect on the decrease in protein expression of apoptosis-promoting gene, Fas and P53.Puerarin has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats. In comparison with model control group, the expression of Fas in puerarin treatment group has an obvious decrease inthe 6th to 48th hour after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the expression of P53 has an obvious decrease in the 24th to 48th hour after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and the number of apoptosis cells decrease obviously, too, which further improves the cerebral protective effect of puerarin and indicates that the inhibition of puerarin to cell apoptosis after cerebral resuscitation is related to its effect on the decrease in protein expression of apoptosis-promoting gene Fas and P53.

Objective:To analyze the curative effect of discectomy under Quadrant expandable channel associated with annulus repair for the treatment of adolescent lumbar disc herniation (ALDH).Methods:10 ALDH patients received discectomy under Quadrant expandable channel associated with annulus repair (annulus repair group) and 12 patients received discectomy (control group) in Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively collected. The length of skin incision, amount of intraoperative bleeding, operation time and duration of hospitalization were compared. The degree of pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) before operation, 24 h, 1 week and 1 year after operation, and the lumbar function was assessed by Oswestry disability index (ODI) before operation, 1 week and 1 year after operation. At the last follow-up, the curative effect was evaluated by MacNab Scale, and the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation during the follow-up was recorded.Results:There were no significant differences in the amount of intraoperative bleeding, operation time and duration of hospitalization between the two groups ( P>0.05). The skin incision length of the annulus repair group was less than that of control group ( P<0.05). The postoperative VAS score and ODI score at each follow up time point in both groups were significantly improved when compared with the preoperative ones ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the VAS score and ODI score 1 week postoperative and 1 year postoperative ( P>0.05). According to the MacNab criteria, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the excellent and good rate (annulus repair group: 9/10, control group: 10/12; P>0.05). There was no recurrence case in the annulus repair group, but two cases of recurrence (one recovered by conservative treatment, the other needed second operation) in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Discectomy under Quadrant expandable channel associated with annulus repair can achieve early satisfied outcome, reduce surgery related trauma, pain in the early period postoperative and recurrence rate after operation in the treatment of ALDH.

Objective To explore the indications, superiority and surgical technique of periareolar approach in the management of benign breast diseases. Methods 132 patients with benign breast disease (91 cases of Fibroadenoma, 12 cases of limited gland hyperplasia, 8 cases of cyst, 2 cases of benign phyllodes tumor and 6 cases of male gynecomastia) underwent operation through areolar incision. Results All patients were followed up for 1-10 months. 107 cases were satisfied with their treatment,19 cases were not quite satisfied with the relatively long incision, and 6 cases were not satisfied with the front incision. The one-month-later reexamination showed that 117 cases feel good and 15 cases had partial numbness of the nipple (15/132, 11.36%). All but two patients wound healing delayed because of local hematoma (2/132, 1.52%). Neither necrosis nor infection was found. Conclusions With the advantages of fewer complications and cosmetic effect, periareolar approach can be applied in management of various benign breast diseases. Factors such as indications, anatomical layer, postoperative molding, appropriate drainage, pressure dressing should be taken into consideration for the success of operation.

Objective To study the prevalence of toenail onychomycosis in the patients with diabetes mel-litus. Methods The incidence and predisposing factors of onychomycosis were studied in the in- and out-patients with diabetes mellitus(n = 456). The data were also compared with non-diabetic patients (control group, n = 350). Results The prevalence rates of toenail onychomycosis were 20.8% and 9.4% in the diabetics and control group, respectively, with statistical difference (P

BACKGROUND:Scaffolds made of chitosan and its derivatives play an important role in cellmigration and axonal regeneration. Chitosan and its derivatives have good histocompatibility, which is easy to make stem cells grow on the surface, thereby having a more broad application prospect in the nerve tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVE:To fabricate a thermosensitive hydrogel scaffold using chitosan/hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan/sodium glycerophosphate (CS/HACC/GP), which is suitable for cellgrowth, and then, to observe the growth and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the scaffold.
METHODS:Chitosan was modified using quaternary ammonium salt and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chitosan and quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was mixed at a ratio of 8:1 to successful y prepare stable CS/HACC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel scaffold. Then, the gel ing was observed, and biosafety test was conducted.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the characteristic peak of quaternary ammonium groups. Cytotoxicity test showed that rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in hydrogel extracts had no toxicity. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test showed that hydrogel extracts exerted no significant effect on the increase in body weight, and the biological safety of the scaffold was good. Under the scanning electron microscopy, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells grew and proliferated normal y in the scaffold. The results confirmed that the CS/HACC/GP thermosensitive hydrogel scaffold was successful y prepared in the experiment, which is suitable for the growth and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

BACKGROUND:Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have been widely applied in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. However, cement leakage is a major problem in the application of this technology, especial y for the vertebral posterior wal ruptured patients. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of high viscosity bone cement and vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted in 20 cases receiving high viscosity bone cement and vertebroplasty surgery for osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. Clinical outcomes were evaluated mainly with use of Visual Analog Scale for lower back pain. Function of lower back pain was assessed using Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. Quality of life was evaluated using 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and Frankel score was applied to evaluate neurological function. The anterior vertebral height of the fractured vertebrae was assessed with X-ray. The bone cement leakage, pulmonary embolism, incidence of nearby vertebral fractures and other complications were evaluated during fol ow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for 12-18 months. The anterior vertebral height of the fractured vertebrae, the lower back pain and function, and quality of life were improved significantly after treatment (P<0.05). Al patients got the same neurological symptoms before surgery. The bone cement dispersion was good after treatment, detected by X-ray and CT scan, only two cases appeared with bone cement leakage, but no clinical symptoms were found. There was no cement toxicity or al ergic complications, pulmonary embolism, infection, nerve injury or new fractures. The high viscosity bone cement used in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures can significantly relieve thoracic back pain, improve lower back function and quality of life, and greatly reduce the risk of bone cement leakage.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel, as scaffold materials, have received more and more attentions in the field of tissue repair because of good biocompatibility, biodegradability and drug-sustained release.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the directed differentiation and growth of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the quaternary chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel scaffold and to look for more ideal tissue engineering materials for the treatment of nervous system damage.
METHODS:The thermosensitive hygrogel scaffold was prepared using hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) andβ-glycerophosphate (β-GP). The spatial structure of scaffold was observed by scanning electronic microscope. Effect of leaching liquor from the HACC/β-GP scaffold on the viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The albumin from bovine serum was combined with the scaffold, and the slow-release effect of the scaffold was detected by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were incubated onto the compound scaffold at 3 passages. The adhesion, growth and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the compound scaffold were observed by the scanning electron microscope. Neuron-specific enolase was detected by immunofluorescence.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The porosity and thermal sensitivity of HACC/β-GP scaffold and slow-release effect of glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor were apparent. The results of MTT showed that the compound scaffold cannot take apparent negative effects to the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. After inoculation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells permeated the porous structure of the scaffold and adhered to the scaffold. Under the role of glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells showed neuron-like cellmorphology and cells co-cultured with the compound scaffold expressed the marker of neurons, neuron-specific enolase. Under the role of slow-release glial cellline-derived neurotrophic factor, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can grow wel in vitro and differentiate into neuron-like cells on the HACC/β-GP scaffold.