Purpurin is a common component ofRubia cordifolia L. The study on its molecular target was useful for elucidating the therapeutic material basis and action mechanism ofR. cordifolia. HT-29 cells were used in the cell culture. The highly expressed G Protein-coupled Receptor-35 (GPR35) agonist was used as target. The label-free optical biosensor cellular assay was used to investigate the agonist activity ofpurpurin at an endogenous receptor. The results showed thatpurpurin can cause DMR response in HT-29 cells. And the DMR response curve type was consistent with zaprinast. Its EC50 was 6.142± 0.189μmol·L-1. In addition,purpurinhad desensitization effect on GPR35 agonist zaprinast in HT-29 cells. GPR35 agonist ML145 blocked the DMR ofpurpurin. It was concluded thatpurpurinwas the GPR35 agonist.

With the rapid development of cardiac pacing therapy,the number of pacemakers used in children is growing.Children grow fast,with small size and thin wall heart wall.Underlying diseases in children are different from those in adults.As a result,it is quite important to choose proper electrode,pulse generator,pa-cing site and carry out regular follow-up.Epicardial electrodes are usually used in infants,while endocardial ones have been the leading choice due to long lifespan,minimal injury and stable threshold.Many studies indicate that right ventricular pacing can damage left ventricular function and left ventricular pacing is more physiological.It is essential to remove the entire pacemaker system once the diagnosis of pocket infection is made.Elevation of pacemaker threshold and electrode-related complications are more common in epicardial pacemakers while ve-nous occlusion and tricuspid regurgitation are more common in endocardial pacemakers.In recent years,there is progress in remote monitoring system,cardiac resynchronization therapy,magnetic resonance imaging pacemak-ers and leadless pacemakers,which might be promising therapies in the near future.

Objective To explore the effect of CD40 small interfering RNA(siRNA)on the expressions of pe-ripheral blood interleukin(IL)-21 and IL -35 in rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM)and its sig-nificance.Methods Twenty 6 -8 week male Lewis rats were divided into normal group,EAMgroup,CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group by using random number table,with 5 rats in each group.The normal rats were induced with phos-phate buffer saline in double foot pads on day 0 and day 7,while the rest 3 groups were induced with cardiac myosin protein to establish EAMmodels.The rats in CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group were respectively injected with CD40 siRNA and siRNA slow virus expression vector through the tail vein of rats on day 7.The rats were executed on 21 day after echocardiogram examination was made.The histopathologic changes were observed by using light microscope and the myocardial histopathology scores were calculated.Enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of IL -21 and IL -35 in peripheral blood.Results (1)Except the normal group,the total incidence rate of rats of each group was 100%,and there was no rat death.(2)Compared with EAM group,the heart mass/body ratio and myocardial histopathology scores were lower in CD40 siRNA group,and the differences were significant (3.13 ±0.21 vs 3.80 ±0.29,2.22 ±0.43 vs 3.32 ±0.51,F =0.332,0.456,all P <0.05).(3)The echocardiogram showed that there was only 1 rat in EAM group with massive pericardial effusion,and there was no pericardial effusion in CD40 siRNA group.EAMgroup,CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group displayed hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and left ventricular wall,narrow heart cavity and weakening of ventricular wall motion.The left ventricular shortening rate in CD40 siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the EAMgroup[(63.34 ±11.06)% vs (38.56 ±6.98)%,F =16.080,P <0.05].(4)The peripheral blood level of IL -21 in CD40 siRNA group was lower than that in EAM group [(141.19 ±17.46)ng/L vs (157.81 ±17.58)ng/L,F =57.008,P <0.05],while its level of IL -35 was signifi-cantly higher than that in the EAMgroup [(195.96 ±18.26)ng/L vs (174.78 ±13.91 )ng/L,F =31.727,P <0.05].(5)The level of IL -21 in peripheral blood was positively correlated with myocardial histopathology scores in EAM group (r = 0.69,P < 0.05 ),but IL -35 was negatively correlated with myocardial histopathology scores (r =-0.64,P <0.05).Conclusions CD40 siRNA might relieve the myocardial inflammation and reduce the myocar-dial injury of EAMrats.The levels of IL -21 and IL -35 can partly reflect the degree of myocardial injury.The mecha-nism may be related to down -regulating the expression IL -21 and up -regulating the expression of IL -35.

Objective: To analyze diagnosis rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hospitalized pediatric patients in a single center and understand pediatricians′ awareness of CKD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Children who were admitted to the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017 and met the diagnostic criteria of CKD (kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 guideline) were recruited. A total of 4 472 cases were enrolled. Original CKD diagnosis was collected from the home page of medical records. Actual CKD diagnosis was validated and corrected by reviewing medical records and recalculating glomerular filtration rate. The diagnosis rate and influencing factors of pediatric CKD, the distribution and etiology of actual CKD were analyzed. The comparison between groups were performed with χ² test. Results: In 4 472 cases, there were 3 470 cases in actual CKD stage 1, among which only 24 cases were in original CKD stage 1. There were 543 cases in actual CKD stage 2-3, among which only 181 cases were in original CKD stage 2-3. Three hundred and one cases were in actual CKD stage 4-5, including 290 cases in original CKD stage 4-5. In addition, there were 43 cases with unknown CKD stage and 115 cases with acute kidney injury. Compared to original CKD diagnosis, the diagnosis rates of CKD stage 1-5 were 0.7% (24/3 470), 16.7% (58/348), 63.1% (123/195), 90.7% (78/86) and 98.6% (212/215), respectively. The proportions of actual CKD stage 1-5 were 80.4% (3 470/4 314), 8.1% (348/4 314), 4.5% (195/4 314), 2.0% (86/4 314) and 5.0% (215/4 314). The etiology of actual CKD included primary glomerular disease (62.2%, 2 686/4 314), secondary glomerular disease (19.7%, 849/4 314), hereditary kidney disease (9.1%, 391/4 314), congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) (3.1%, 135/4 314), tubulointerstitial disease (2.2%, 94/4 314) and etiology uncertain (2.1%, 89/4 314). The leading cause of end stage renal disease was etiology uncertain (31.1%, 67/215), followed by hereditary kidney disease (24.2%, 52/215), CAKUT (16.3%, 35/215) and primary glomerular disease (16.3%, 35/215). Conclusions Among actual CKD hospitalized pediatric patients, the diagnosis rate of CKD given by physicians at discharge was relatively low, especially patients in earlier CKD stages, which reflected serious lack of physicians′ awareness of CKD.

OBJECTIVETo separate and characterize aqueous extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius to efficient, high-throughput and strong polar components, to observe effects of their aqueous effective components compatibility on rat myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.

METHODMyocardial ischemic reperfusion injury model were established on SD rats by 40 min ligation of the left anterior descending artery and 120 min reperfusion. The rats were injected experimental drugs intravenously from femoral vein after 10 min ischemia. Rats were randomly divided into sham group (the suture around the left anterior descending coronary artery was not tied), model group, Danhong injection group (content of protocatechualdehyde is 0.05 g x L(-1), injection dosage equivalent to 1.80 g x kg(-1)), aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza group (content of salvianolic acid B is 49 g x L(-1), injection dosage equivalent to 30.68 g x kg(-1)), aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza group (content of hydroxysafflor yellow A is 31.76 g x L(-1), injection dosage equivalent to 17.87 g x kg(-1)), aqueous effective components compatibility of S. miltiorrhizae and C. tinctorius group (injection dosage is respectively 24.28 g x kg(-1) and 48.55 g x kg(-1)), each group have ten rats. Drugs were diluted with an equal dose of normal saline. The rats of sham group and model group were injected equivalent dosage of saline. The myocardial infarction size and the contents of serum cTnT and CK-MB were detected. The level of TXB2, 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) and platelet aggregation in blood plasma were investigated.

RESULTCompared with sham group, serum cTnT and CK-MB contents in model group increased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, myocardial infarction size and serum cTnT and CK-MB contents in aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza group, aqueous effective component of C. tinctorius group and aqueous effective components compatibility of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius groups decreased significantly. Aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza increased the level of 6-ke-to-PGF(1alpha), as well as decreased content of TXB2 and inhibited platelet aggregation (P < 0.01). Aqueous effective component of C. tinctorius also decreased the content TXB2 (P < 0.01). Improved extent of some detected markers in aqueous effective components compatibility of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius groups were better than that of Danhong injection group.

CONCLUSIONEffective components compatibility of aqueous extracts from S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius may reduce myocardial infarct size and leakage of myocardial enzyme, and increase the level of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, so as to inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis, the result of which is to reduce myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Carthamus tinctorius ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Objective To preliminary formulated 2017 Chinese rare disease survey list by experts consensus.Methods By using checklist methods,we selected studied diseases from five available rare disease data sources in China.By summarizing,proofreading,removing of duplicate data,the primary survey list with 344 diseases was formulated.By organizing two rounds of consensus conferences,experts voted and revised the survey list,then ultimately formulated 2017 Chinese rare disease survey list.Results According to the poll,in selected 344 rare diseases which were discussed in consensus conferences,54 diseases were suggested to be deleted,9 pairs of diseases were suggested to be incorporated.For Chinese and English names of these rare diseases,306/344 diseases conform to nomenclature by discussion.According to the experts' tips and advice,we revised the primary survey list and ultimately formulated 2017 Chinese rare disease survey list including 281 diseases.Conclusions Experts consensus combines the scientificity of methodology and clinical experience of experts.In the background of medical big data and targeted poverty alleviation,the early stage of study is in accordance with the main stream of thought for the national survey of rate disease in China.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) to verify a fetus with partial 18p deletion signaled by non-invasive prenatal testing. METHODS: G-banding chromosomal karyotyping analysis was carried out on amniotic fluid sample of the fetus and peripheral blood samples from the parents. Amniotic DNA was also subjected to CMA analysis. The fetus was also subjected to systematic ultrasound scan. RESULTS: The fetus was found to have a karyotype of 46,XX,18p+. CMA has revealed a 5 Mb deletion at 18p11.32-p11.31, a 2.9 Mb duplication at 18p11.31-p11.23, and a 2.5 Mb duplication at 18p11.23-p11.22. No chromosomal aberration or microdeletion/microduplication was detected in either parent. CONCLUSION Non-invasive prenatal testing and CMA are both sensitive for the detection of chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications. CMA can help with clarification of genotype-phenotype correlation and facilitate prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for the family.
Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

With the acceleration of aging process and the increase of average life in China, the number of disabled elderly in China is also growing rapidly, which undoubtedly brings a heavy care burden and pressure to families and society.Facing the great challenges brought by aging, the increasing evidences show that only by reducing the incidence of disease and disability from the source, improving the health level of the elderly, prolonging their healthy life and realizing healthy aging, we can fundamentally alleviate the great pressure brought by the aging society.The concept of motor function maintenance and health promotion of the elderly has become an important link and breakthrough to realize healthy aging and active health.Facing the requirements of active health medicine and the development trend of science and technology in the future, it is imperative to deeply study the motion characteristics and function maintenance of the elderly, and promote the development of sports medicine with innovative technologies such as internet, big data and artificial intelligence.In the future, we will continue to improve the assessment and maintenance system for motor function of the elderly, develop and optimize functional maintenance products that meet the exercise needs of the elderly, and actively build an elderly-friendly sports environment support system, thereby promoting the healthy China strategy and realize healthy aging to the greatest extent.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Child ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2