Aim To study the effect of astragaloside (AS-Ⅳ) in CLP-induced septic mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the sham group, CLP group and CLP+ AS-Ⅳ group.Two days before operation, AS-Ⅳ (10 mg·kg-1) solution was intragastrically administered into CLP +AS-Ⅳ group, and the other groups were treated with normal saline.A sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Blood, peritoneal fluid and tissue organs were collected at 6 h and 24 h.Neutrophils of blood were purified by Percoll density gradient.Transwell was used to detect the chemotaxis function of neutrophils.The killing activity of neutrophils was detected by coculture with E.coli.Results The survival rate of AS-Ⅳ-pretreated septic mice significantly increased.The number of neutrophils in peritoneal fluid was enhanced markedly.The number of bacteria in the peritoneal fluid, blood and tissue organs such as liver, lung and kidney significantly decreased after AS-Ⅳ pretreatment.The chemotaxis and killing activity of neutrophils increased significantly in AS-Ⅳ-treated mice (P<0.05).Conclusion Astragaloside displays an immunoprotective effect in CLP-induced septic mice, which is related to the upregulation of CXCR2 expression on neutrophils and the increase of neutrophil antibacterial activity.

Objective To summarize clinical experiences for the management of upper cervical fracture associated with mild to moderate craniocerebral injury in order to improve the outcome of patients with craniocervical injury.Methods Twenty-two cases (13 males and 9 females) of non-nerve damage treated surgically from June 2008 to June 2012 were enrolled.Mean age was 41 years (range,23-68 years).Mechanisms of injury were traffic accidents in 12 cases,high falls in 7 cases and violence or others in 3 cases.Dens fractures were noted in 7 cases,Jefferson fractures in 5 cases and axial vertebral arch fractures in 4 cases,and combined atlas and axis fractures in 6 cases.Admission Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) was 12-14 points in 10 cases and 9-11 points in 12 cases.All cases suffered some degree of brain damage including brain contusion and laceration,and epidural,subdural or intracerebral hematoma.Three cases of cervical fractures were misdiagnosed in the early stage.Twelve cases required emergent craniotomy due to the primary craniocerebral injury and had elective upper cervical spine surgery until the medical condition was stabilized.Another 10 cases underwent conservation treatment of craniocerebral injury and had cervical spine surgery within 1 week due to the severe dislocation of the upper cervical spine.Operation time,blood loss,hospital stay,hospitalization cost and perioperative complications were analyzed.Outcome was evaluated with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge.Fracture union,bone fusion and cervical stability were assayed with X-rays and CT films.Results All were followed up for a mean period of 18 months (range,12-36 months).Among the 12 cases of primary craniocerebral injury,operation time was (115 ± 22) min,blood loss was (280 ± 72) ml,hospitalization period was (23 ±7)d and overall cost was 88,000 yuan;one case sustained wound infection cured two weeks after debridement and dressing and two cases sustained pulmonary infection cured after antibiotic treatment;discharge GOS was grade Ⅳ in 2 cases and grade Ⅴ in 10 cases.Among the 10 cases of primary cervical injury,operation time was (125 ± 38) min,blood loss was (330 ± 90) ml,hospitalization period was (17 ± 6)d and overall cost was 61,000 yuan;no perioperative complications occurred;discharge GOS was grade Ⅳ in 1 case and grade Ⅴ in 9 cases.Pain radiating to occipital region,limited neck mobility and other clinical symptoms were alleviated at discharge.X-rays verified good healing of the bone and no malposition of the screws.Conclusion For cervical fracture associated with craniocerebral injury,cervical examination and protection are important.Once medical condition becomes stable,early surgery can be performed for upper cervical fracture.

Objective: To investigate the effects of overexpression of microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1) in the gastric cancer cells on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells, and to elucidate their possible mechanisms. Methods: The gastric cancer BGC-823 cells, SGC-7901 cells and the normal gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells were cultivated. Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of MCRS1 in three kinds of cells. The result showed that MCRS1 protein had the lowest expression in the BGC-823 cells, so the gastric cancer BGC-823 cells were selected for next experiments. The recombinant plasmid of MCRS1 was constructed, and the gastric cancer BGC-823 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were selected. Blank group, empty vector transfection group and MCRS1 transfection group were established, and the plasmid was transfected into the BGC-823 cells using Lipo3000. The expression levels of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) protein, neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin) protein and Snail protein were detected by Western blotting method. The cell scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Results: Compared with the normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cells, the expression level of MCRS1 protein in the gastric cancer BGC-823 cells was decreased (P < 0 . 01), but the expression level of MCRS1 protein in the SGC-7901 cells was increased (P < 0 . 01). The PCR identification and sequencing analysis showed that the MCRS1 recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed. Compared with blank group and empty vector transfection group, the expression levels of MCRS1 protein and E-cadherin protein in MCRS1 transfection group were increased (P

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of influenza vaccination among the elderly, so as to provide insights into improving the strategies for influenza vaccination among the elderly. Methods: Elderly people aged 60 years and above were recruited from one community each in five sub-districts of Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region using a random sampling method. Demographic information, knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines, vaccine literacy and influenza vaccination status in the past year were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting influenza vaccination among the elderly were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 121 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.08%. There were 417 males (37.20%) and 704 females (62.80%). The majority were aged 60-<81 years, accounting for 80.37% (901 individuals). The awareness of knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines was 78.86%. Low vaccine literacy was observed in 786 individuals, representing 70.12%. The influenza vaccination rate was 20.96%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (71-<81 years, OR=1.607, 95%CI: 1.041-2.479; ≥81 years, OR=1.719, 95%CI: 1.040-2.842), educational level (middle school/technical secondary school, OR=0.616, 95%CI: 0.416-0.911), medical expense payment (employee medical insurance, OR=6.531, 95%CI: 2.030-21.010; resident medical insurance, OR=3.385, 95%CI: 1.095-10.466; public expense, OR=4.828, 95%CI: 1.700-13.712), vaccination willingness (yes, OR=6.237, 95%CI: 3.277-11.871), influenza vaccination history (yes, OR=14.600, 95%CI: 8.733-24.408) and vaccine literacy (medium and above, OR=2.412, 95%CI: 1.636-3.555) were associated with influenza vaccination among the elderly. Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate among the elderly was relatively low, and was mainly affected by age, educational level, medical expense payment, vaccination willingness, influenza vaccination history and vaccine literacy.

The usage of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) sparked an outbreak of unidentified vaping-related lung disease in the US during late 2019. With e-cigarettes becoming more and more popular, smokers have more options other than conventional cigarettes. Under these circumstances, a comprehensive evaluation of the general safety of new tobacco and tobacco-related products, represented by e-cigarettes, to human health is necessary. In this review, we summarize the current research on potential negative impacts of e-cigarette exposure on human health. In particular, studies detailing the relationship between e-cigarettes and the digestive system are summarized, with mechanisms mainly including hepatic metabolic dysfunction, impaired gut barrier, and worsened outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although believed to be safer than traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes exert adverse effects on systemic health and induce the development of multiple diseases including asthma, cardiovascular disease, and IBD. Moreover, nicotine-containing e-cigarettes have a negative impact on the childhood development and increase the risk of arterial stiffness compared to the non-nicotine e-cigarettes. However, non-nicotine e-cigarette components have detrimental effects including promoting liver damage and metabolic disorders.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty or injured vertebral transpedicular fixation in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar Magerl type A3 fractures.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted on 39 patients with acute traumatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures admitted from May 2007 to May 2016.There were 17 males and 22 females,aged 52-85 years (mean 61.3 years).All patients had single segment thoracolumbar fracture(T11-L2),with bone mineral density T value ＜-2.5 SD and the Frankel grade D or E.According to operation method,the patients were divided into Group A (n =22) which adopted short segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty and Group B (n =17) which adopted pedicle screw fixation combined with injured vertebra transpedicular fixation.The operation time and blood loss were compared between the two groups.VAS and Frankel grade were used to evaluate the patients' pain and the recovery of neurological function.The height recovery and Cobb angle of fracture vertebra were measured according to X-ray.Complications at follow ups were observed.Results All patients underwent the operations successfully with good healing.The mean follow-up time was 23.5 months (range,12-40 months).The operation time was (61.7 ± 6.7)minutes in Group A and (48.1 ± 7.5) minutes in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).The blood loss was (347.7 ± 44.9) ml in Group A and (288.3 ±41.6)ml in Group B (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative VAS score and VAS at the final follow-up in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference between the two groups.Four cases in Group A and two cases in Group B with Frankel grade D were classified as grade E.After operation,the recovery rate of injured vertebral Cobb angle and anterior height were significantly improved in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).The recovery rate of Cobb angle and anterior height at the last follow up was lower than that after surgery,but with no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05),and no significant differences were found between the two groups either (P ＞ 0.05).The screws were removed from four patients in Group A and two patients in Group B.No complications or failure of internal fixation was found during follow-up.Conclusion Posterior shortsegment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty or injured vertebra transpedicular fixation are both helpful to the height recovery of vertebral osteoporotic fractures and reduce kyphosis with similar efficacy,while the former has the advantages of shorter operation time and less bleeding.

Objective:Rat model of RA complicated with pulmonary fibrosis were constructed to observe the degree of improvement of pulmonary fibrosis in RA rats by JAK2 inhibitor CEP33779 and the possible mechanisms.Methods:①The RA models were constructed by subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml (1 mg/ml) of bovine type Ⅱ collagen into the tail of the rats on the day of modeling development (d0); intratracheal injection of 100 μl bleomycin (2.5 mg/kg) was used to induce pulmonary fibrosis model at d13. In vivo study: model rats were randomly divided into the normal group, pulmonary fibrosis group, pulmonary fibrosis CEP treatment group, RA complicated with pulmonary fibrosis group, and RA complicated pulmonary fibrosis CEP treatment group. Rats in the treatment group was given CEP (10 ml/kg) qd by gavage from d14 to week 4. The right hind foot of the rats was measured for joints swelling and the arthritis index score were measured, lung compliance (Cst) and lung specific gravity were measured. In addition, the pathological changes of the left lung were observed by HE and Masson staining, and the extracellular matrix level of the right lung was measured by protein immunoblotting (WB). ② In vitro study: TGF-β 1 (10 ng/ml) was applied to stimulate human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HFL1) for 24 h and 48h, and p-JAK2 expression was detected by immunofluorescence. After HFL1 inoculation of culture plates, the control group, TGF-β 1 stimulation group, TGF-β 1+ LY2109761 (TGFβ-R1/2 inhibitor group, 0.5 mmol/L and 2 mmol/L) group, TGF-β 1+CEP (0.1 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L) group were co-incubated for 48 h, and the expression levels of TGFβ-R2, α-SMA, JAK2, and Col 1 were measured by WB. Comparisons between multiple groups were made by Tukey′s test, and comparisons between the two groups were analyzed by independent t-test. Results:① In vivo study, compared with the control group (1.45±0.04), joint swelling was increased at d13 [(2.54±0.16) in RA+PF+Vehicle group, t=16.02, P<0.001], and the mean arthritis index score and toe volume were decreased 3 days after CEP treatment(d16) [(2.89±0.11), t=5.78, P<0.001; (1.92±0.13), t=6.85, P<0.001]. For rats with pulmonary fibrosis, all had different degrees of lung enlargement, increased lung specific gravity, decreased Cst, and increased lung inflammation and fibrosis[(0.96±0.06), t=19.76, P<0.001; (0.26±0.09), t=17.64, P<0.001; (3.63±1.51), t=6.00, P<0.001; (1.75±0.71), t=5.84, P<0.001]. After CEP gavage, rats that had RA complicated with pulmonary fibrosis had reduced lung swelling, decreased lung specific gravity, increased Cst [(0.82±0.05), t=5.76, P<0.001; (0.43±0.18), t=2.31, P=0.038], and the scores of pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation [(3.00±1.00); (1.56±0.52)] all showed a trend of decrease, but did not reach statistical difference CEP inhibited the expression of TGF-β 1, TGFβ-R2, α-SMA, Fn and JAK2 in lung tissue of pulmonary fibrosis rats, and the differences among the five groups were statistically significant ( F=9.02, P=0.017; F=4.86, P=0.048; F=6.57, P=0.032; F=11.26, P=0.010; F=13.32, P=0.007). ② In vitro study, TGF-β 1 stimulated HFL1 showed stronger phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2) fluorescent signal WB showed a significant increase in the expression of TGFβ-R2, α-SMA, JAK2 and Col1, and after LY and CEP intervention, the above proteins were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner, with statistically significant differences among all five groups ( F=337.30, P<0.001; F=20.61, P<0.001; F=100.60, P<0.001; F=180.90, P<0.001). Conclusion:JAK2 inhibitors can ameliorate RA-related pulmonary fibrosis, and the mechanism may be through interfering with the "crosstalk" between JAK2 and TGF-β 1 signaling pathway.

Objective? To explore the correlation among muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle function and cognitive function of old people in a community in Beijing. Methods? From April 2018 to October 2018, we selected 192 elderly people aged 60 or over in a community in Beijing. Muscle strength was evaluated with the CAMRY electronic handgrip strength instrument EH101; mass of limb skeletal muscle was measured with body fat scale to calculate the relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI) of limbs; muscle function was measured with the 4-m walk test; cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). SPSS 20.0 was used to data statistics. Results? Among 192 subjects, the incidences of mild and medium cognitive impairment were 65.62%(126/192) and 12.50%(24/192) respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function had correlations with cognitive function with statistical differences (r=0.384, 0.215, 0.458;P＜ 0.05). Muscle strength and muscle mass had strong statistical correlations with attention of cognition (r=0.319, 0.229;P＜ 0.05). Muscle function had strong statistical correlation with linguistic competence (r=0.392, P＜0.05). Muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function all had correlations with attention as well as linguistic competence with statistical differences (P＜0.05). Taking whether cognitive function was normal or not as dependent variable, Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of cognitive function were ages, body mass index (BMI), body fat rate and RSMI. Conclusions? Muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function had positive correlations with cognitive function among elderly people.

Objective: To investigate the status quo and associated factors of drinking water knowledge, attitude and behavior among primary school students in rural areas, so as to provide evidence for health behavioral intervention of drinking water in primary school. Methods: Twentythree primary schools in rural area from Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Shanxi provinces were selected by using purposive sampling method from March 1 to April 27 in 2023. Selfdesigned questionnaires regarding knowledge, attitude and behavior of drinking water were distributed to all students in grade 3-6, and 2 173 valid questionnaires were obtained. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of drinking water knowledge, attitude and behavior of primary school students. Results: The attainment rates of drinking water knowledge, attitude and behavior level were 20.02%, 26.65%, and 31.20%, respectively, among primary school students. The median of daily water intake was 1 000 mL, and the average daily water intake was (1 172.99±771.89)mL. In addition, 66.31% of students water intake reached the minimum standard of 800 mL recommended. The results of multiple Logistic regression indicated that drinking water accessibility in school, health education of drinking water, and individual selfcontrol ability were positively correlated with the knowledge (OR=1.31, 1.57, 1.58), attitude (OR=2.07, 1.65, 1.73), behavior (OR=1.40, 1.49, 1.91) of drinking water and daily water intake (OR=1.41, 1.38, 1.20) (P<0.05). Conclusions Primary school students in rural areas are generally lack of appropriate health awareness on drinking water including knowledge, attitude and behavior. Schools should take targeted measures to focus on the cultivation of students selfcontrol ability, so as to improve students knowledge and attitudes of drinking water, and furthermore help students shape their healthy behaviors of drinking water.

Objective:To identify the etiology and genetics of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) virus which caused an acute respiratory tract infection outbreak in a primary school in Shenyang.Methods:Throat swab samples were collected from 17 students of the primary school where the epidemic of acute respiratory infection outbreak in December 2020 in Shenyang, Liaoning province. TaqMan low-density arrays (TLDA) real-time PCR was performed to simultaneously detect multiple respiratory pathogens. The HN gene was amplified using nested RT-PCR and sequenced, followed by phylogenetic analysis for those HPIV3 positive samples.Results:Of the 17 specimens, 10 were HPIV3 positive by TLDA Real-time PCR, and were accompanied by conditional pathogen infection, consequently, amplification result ed in 7 complete HN sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the infected HPIV3 virus of the outbreak belonged to HPIV subtype C3a. All the 7 strains detected in this study belonged to subbranch C3a.1 evolutionary branch, with a nucleotide homology of 99.9%, a nucleotide homology of 94.56 with the prototype strain Wash/47885/57 and 99.5% with the most phylogenetically close strain of ZJ/11-s-165/KP690785/CHN/11.Conclusions:The HPIV3 virus caused the acute respiratory tract infection outbreak in Shenyang in 2020 and HPIV subtype C3a1 was detected firstly in Northeast China.