Objective: Combining spatial independent component analysis (sICA) with temporal correlation analysis to investigate the functional connectivity of human brain using resting state fMRI. Methods: First, activated area was localized by performing sICA on the data from block design run, then one of the activated brain areas was chosen as a region of interest (ROI)and low frequency correlations between ROI and other regions were calculated in resting state to detect the functional connectivity networks. To validate the method, neural connectivity to primary motor cortex was assessed using this method during a resting state. Results: Functional connectivity network of motor cortex was detected, including primary motor cortex (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary sensory cortex (S1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and posterior parietal somatosensory association area (PSAAp). The connectivity implied by the resting state correlation was far more similar to the connectivity established by non-imaging methods. Conclusion: Functional connectivity of human motor primary cortex was investigated by combining sICA with temporal correlation using resting fMRI data. It provided a simple and noninvasive method for the research of brain functional connectivity.

Objective To explore the influence of group B Streptococcus screening during pregnancy and the incidence of the ear‐ly‐onset GBS disease for newborns .Methods Totally 47 cases of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM ) , which were GBS positive and accepted antibiotic treatment ,who were chosen as the experimental group .While 73 cases of pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) ,which were not accept GBS screening and antibiotic treatment ,were chosen as control group .The neonatal clinical manifestations were observed .The swab specimens were collected from throat and detected of GBS by using PCR method .Results The experimental group showed no occurrence of neonatal group B streptococcal infection , dyspnea ,cyanosis and fever .Totally 7 cases of the control group had group B Streptococcus infection .Totally 2 cases had dyspnea and 2 cases had cyanosis .Totally 4 cases had fever .The neonatal research indicators of these two groups were statistically signifi‐cant differences (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The group B Streptococcus screening during pregnancy would effectively reduce the inci‐dence of neonatal infection of group B Streptococcus .

Objective To investigate safety and efficacy of hysteroscopy in treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP).Methods From Aug.2003 to Dec.2011, 33 cases with CSP treated by hysteroscopy guided by transabdominal ultrasound or laparoscopy were studied retrospectively in Women's Hospital,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.The clinical characteristics including gestational age, myometrial thickness anterior to the CSP, β-hCG level before treatment,success rate, cure rate, operative time, blood loss, time of serum β-hCG resolution and CSP mass clearance, and complication were collected and analyzed.Results Median gestational age was 54 days (range, 37 - 140 days).Median level of β-hCG before treatment was 15 000 U/L( range,3.3 - 151 747 U/L).Mean thickness of anterior myometrium was 3.3 mm.Twenty-nine cases underwent uterine artery embolism (UAE) before hysteroscopy.Pouch in the anterior uterine isthmus with gestation masses implanted were observed in 30 cases (91%, 30/33 ).CSP masses progressed toward the pouch or uterine cavity in all cases was removed by cutting wire loop electrode combined with curettage.The mean operative time was (34 ± 10) minutes.Both success rate and cure rate were 94% ( 31/33 ) .Salvage methotrexate ( MTX ) therapy was administrated in one case.Complication occurred in three cases (9%, 3/33 ).Both massive hemorrhage rate and hysterectomy rate were performed in two cases (6%, 2/33).No uterine perforation occurred.The mean time of hCG resolution was (22 ± 10)days.The mean time of CSP mass clearance was (21 ± 12) days.Four pregnancies were achieved in four cases:one term pregnancy and three abortions.No recurrent CSP occurred.Conclusion Management of CSP by hysteroscopy combined with UAE is safe and effective.

Background and purpose:18?-glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) is one of the important components of glycyrrhiza.Recent years,studies showed that GA has the effect of proliferation inhibition in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells,human liver carcinoma and lung cancer cells.We investigated the effects of GA on induction of apoptosis in human breast carcinoma(MCF7) cells.The previous studies have demonstrated that the dynamic change of intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration([Ca~(2+)]i)plays important roles in many links of apoptosis-induced process.Therefore we also researched the relationship between GA-induced apoptosis and [Ca~(2+)]i in MCF-7 cells.Methods:After MCF-7 cells were treated with 50-250 ?mol/L GA for 24 h,cell viability for proliferation was assessed by MTT assay.MCF-7 cells treated with 100 ?mol/L and 150 ?mol/L GA for 24 h,the apoptotic rates in MCF7 cells were examined by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling method,flow cytometry with Annexin V/ propidium iodide fluorescent stain and single cell gel electrophoresis assay(SCGE).For cells treated with 150 ?mol/L GA for 24 h,i was measured by Fure-2 fluorescein load method.For cells treated with 150 ?mol/L GA combined with 100 ?mol/L BAPTA-AM or 0.5 mmol/L EGTA for 24 h,cell apoptosis were examined by SCGE.Results:For cells treated with GA from 100 ?mol/L to 250 ?mol/L,the rate of proliferative inhibition was increased significantly(P

Liver fibrosis is an essential stage in the development and progression of liver cirrhosis, and uncontrolled liver fibrosis may eventually lead to liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis is a dynamic process regulated by many factors. An increasing number of evidence has shown that adipokines transmit dynamic functions in the liver and are involved in the regulation of liver fibrosis. This article reviews the research on major adipocytokines (adiponectin and leptin) involved in liver fibrosis and the recent advances in the mechanism of action of these adipocytokines in liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the association between distribution of protein gene product (PGP) 9.5-immunoactive nerve fibers in peritoneal endometriotic lesions and disease-associated pain symptoms.Methods Thirty two peritoneal endometriotic lesions from patients with endometriosis (16 cases with pain and 16 cases without pain) and matched with 20 peritoneal tissues from patients with uterine leiomyoma without endometriosis were stained immunohistochemically for PGPg.5-immunoactive nerve fibers.Results The positive rate and density of PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers in peritoneal endometriotic leision were 62% (10/16) and (3.8 ± 1.7)/mm~2 in endometriosis patients with pain, which were significantly higher than 19% (3/16) and (1.7 ± 0.5)/mm~2 in endometriosis patients without pain (P <0.05) and 25% (5/20) and (1.3±0.6) /mm~2 in peritoneal tissues in women without endometriosis (P <0.05).However, no differences were found between endometriosis patients without pain and women without endometriosis (P > 0.05) .Moreover, the density of PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers in peritoneal lesions in endometriosis patients with pain was positively correlated with the severity of pain (r = 0.855, P < 0.05).In addition, the density of PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers in peritoneal lesions was statistically higher in endometriosis patients with chronic pelvic pain and(or) dysmenorrhea than those in endometriosis patients with other type of pain(P < 0.05), which was not associated with active lesion, site and staging (P > 0.05).Conclusion It suggested that PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers might confer the mechanism of pelvic pain with endometriosis.

Objective To evaluate the quality of literatures and the accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of deeply infiltrating endometriosis(DIE).Methods The database of Medline (1966 to 2009), the excerpta medica database (EMBASE, 1980 to 2009), Chinese biological medicine on disc (CBMdisc, 1978 to 2009), China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI, 1979 to 2009) and VIP for Chinese technology periodical database (VIP, 1989 to 2009) Cochrane library of studies about the diagnosis of ultrasound for DIE were searched and analyzed.Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) items were used to evaluate the quality of literatures.The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio(+ LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR) ,diagnostic test odds ratio (DOR) for the pooled analysis and heterogeneity test were analyzed for transvaginal ultrasonography(TVUS), transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and rectal endoscopic sonography(EUS) by Meta-disc software, and drew the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves for those without heterogeneity.Results Totally 15 literatures in English were enrolled into this study.The positive rate of 10 items of QUADAS were above 60%, whereas that of the 11th item "Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test" was 46.7% ;none of studies had mentioned the 13th item " Were uninterpretable/intermediate test results reported".All researches had no heterogeneity by explored threshold effect.The results of pooled sensitivity, specificity, + LR, - LR, DOR were 0.925,0.986, 30.036,0.107, 299.25 for TRUS, 0.799,0.944,11.972,0.187, 69.126 for transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), and 0.635,0.928,8.022, O.320, 39.606 for EUS, respectively.Area under the curve of EUS was 0.9479, and that of TVUS was 0.9246.Conclusions TRUS,TVUS and EUS all showed optimal value in diagnosis of DIE.The bias identified from the 15 studies might be mainly resulted from reference standard review bias.

Objective To investigate nerve fibers distribution in endometrium of adenomyosis and their relationship with dysmenorrhea. Methods Endometrial tissue was sampled from 74 hysterectomy specimens including 32 cases with adenomyosis and 42 cases with uterine fibroids. Two-step Envision immunohistochemical staining was used to detect distribution of nerve fibers in endometrium. Highly specific polyclonal rabbit anti-protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and monoclonal mouse anti-neurofilament protein (NF) were used to demonstrate both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in endometrium in women with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Results The positive rate of PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers in the functional layer of endometrium of pain patients were with 64%(14/22) in adenomyosis and 67% (10/15) in uterine fibroids. And their density were 0.6(0-9.4)/mm2 and 0.6(0-6.0)/mm2 without reaching statistical difference (P> 0.05). No expression of NF could be detected in the functional layer of endometrium of adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. There were no PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers in the functional layer of endometrium in non-pain women with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. Moreover, No NF immunoreactive nerve fibers in the functional layer of endometrium were shown in non-pain patients with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers and the nerve density in the basal layer of endometrium were 64%(14/22), 1.1(0-12.0)/mm2 in pain adenomyosis and 50%(5/10), 0.6(0-3.0)/mm2 in non-pain adenomyosis. NF immunoreactive nerve fibers and the density in the basal layer of endometrium were 23%(5/22),(0-0.6)/mm2 in pain adenomyosis and 20% (2/10),(0-1.0)/mm2 in non-pain adenomyosis. PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve non-pain fibroids. NF immunoreactive nerve fibers and the nerve density in the basal layer of endometrium were 40%(6/15),0(0-0.4)/mm2 in pain fibroids and 15%(4/27),0(0-1.0)/mm2 in non-pain fibroids. There was no statistical different PGP9.5 and NF immunoreactive nerve fibers distribution in basal layer of endometrium between pain adenomyosis and pain fibroids or between non-pain adenomyosis and non-pain fibroids (all P>0.05). However, PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers density in basal layer of endometrium was higher in pain adenomyosis and fibroids when compared with non-pain adenomyosis and fibroids(P<0.05). Conclusions PGP9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers might confer the occurrence of pelvic pain, however, NF immunoreactive nerve fibers may not involved in the pathogenesis of pain.

Aberrant maternal inflammation and oxidative stress are the two main mechanisms of pathological pregnancy. The silence information regulator (sirtuin) family is a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacylases. By regulating the post-translational modification of proteins, sirtuin is involved in various biological processes including oxidative stress and inflammation. Nowadays, emerging evidence indicates that sirtuin may be closely related to the occurrence and development of pathological pregnancy. The down-regulation of sirtuin can cause spontaneous preterm delivery by promoting uterine contraction and rupture of fetal membranes, cause gestational diabetes mellitus through promoting oxidative stress and affecting the activity of key enzymes in glucose metabolism, cause preeclampsia by reducing the proliferation and invasion ability of trophoblasts, cause intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy by promoting the production of bile acids and T helper 1 cell (Th1) cytokines, and cause intrauterine growth restriction through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the expression and activation of sirtuin can be modulated through dietary interventions, thus sirtuin is expected to become a new target for the prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications. This article reviews the role of the sirtuin family in the occurrence and development of pathological pregnancy and its influence on the development of the offspring.
Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Trophoblasts

1.0 mg?L -1 ),the intracellular calcium became increased,and kept on a higher level.Conclusion PUPS participates in the process of calcium message transduction.