After acupuncture,histamine flares are often found on skin arround acupuncture points in most patients,histamine and other biologically active substances are always present in the local soft tissues.“Meridian phenomena”,such as urticarious skin reaction or red line along the meridian may be shown in a few patients.It is well known that mast cells release histamine and other active mediators.The purpose of this paper is to observe the distribution of mast cells in the connective tissue at points in albino rats and if there is any difference in the distribution pattern of mast cells between adult and new born rats. 52 albino rats,including adult,new born and developing ones were investigated. Points selected on the lower extremities were identified by decreased electric resistance and were marked with indian ink:the electric resistance of skin beside points was detected simultaneously as control.The mast cells in the spread preparations of subcu- taneous connective tissue(fascia)in albino rats were fixed in alcohol-formalin and stained with toluidin blue.Most specimens of fascia were fixed at first and spread on the slides later,while some specimens were spread before fixation.No essential difference between both kinds of specimens was found. In the adult rats,the mast cells in fasciae are distributed not uniformly,they are oval in shape and are usually arranged in rows along the cell length with polarity. Many rows of mast cells are packed to form an elongated zone.Several zones oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis of lower extremities are found.The mast cells are crowded in the field of marked points along the zone.Besides,it is found that the mast cells along small blood vessels are slender and fusiform in shape. However,in new born rats,mast cells are distributed uniformly and most of them are round in shape.The mast cells are arranged in random way without polarity.In the arrangement of mast cells neither row nor zone is found,and there is no difference in distribution of them everywhere. In the developing rats aged one month or so,the morphology of mast cells is similar to that of the new born,except that they are more numerous at the points. In the adult rats,electric resistance at various points is 260 kilo-ohm,while that of control is more than 500 kilo-ohm.In contrast with the adult,the electric resistance on any part of skin(at point or not)of the new born is equal,more than 500 kilo- ohm,and the electric resistance of points is decreased with development of albino rats in which an apparent decrease may be demonstrated in the rats aged about one month.It seems to be that there are parallel changes with growth of individuals between the morphological character of mast cells in the fasciae and functional property detected by electric resistance at points. It has been considered that the morphology and amount of mast cells may indicate the activity of metabolism of connective tissue.It suggests thence that the metabolism of fasciae at points may be more active and the points may be formed with the developed function in individuals after birth in albino rats.

The cholinesterase(ChE)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activities in blood smears of 37 patients were observed before and 20 minutes after electroacupuncture.Hegu and Zusanli were mainly chosen as the acupuncture points.Karnovsky method was used to demonstrate ChE,activity,and tetrazolium-formazan reaction for LDH activity. Before acupuncture,all formed elements of blood showed both ChE and LDH acti- vities.In red blood cells ChE and LDH activities were localized at the cell membrane, while in white blood cells they were found throughout the cytoplasm as colored granu- les.The granulocytes showed greater ChE and lesser LDH activities than the lymph- ocytes.The platelets also showed greater LDH and ChE activities,especially the former. On the whole,platelets and leucocytes,as compared with erythrocytes,showed greater activities for ChE and LDH. Under microscopic observation,according to the amount and color of granules,the degrees of GhE and LDH activities for each kind of blood formed elements before and after acupuncture were recorded as different markes,such as +、++、+++ and so on.The degrees of GhE or LDH activity in various formed elements of blood were compared by means of statistical tests.After acupuncture,both GhE and LDH activities of all blood formed elements were increased(p

70 patients including 60 cases under acupuncture anesthesia and 10 cases under drug anesthesia were observed. Before and 20 minutes after acupuncture the blood samples were taken from the patient ear lobes respectively, and in some patients taken once again 24 hrs after acupuncture. The electroacupuncture point Hegu or Zusanli was mainly adopted. As the method for detection of cell-mediated immunity(CMI) in vitro the improved microtechnique of whole blood for E-rosette (active and nonactive) and lymphocyte transformation tests was used. In performance of active rosetting the total leucocyte count and the differential lymphocyte count were done for calculation of absolute number of active rosette forming cells (RFC). The mean value of increase of active RFC was 12.7?1.43, the decrease was 6.8?1.77 after acupuncture. The increment of the absolute number of active RFC was 175?63.59. However no marked effect on the drug anesthesia group was found. In the lymphocyte transformation assay the increase was 12.7?1.49, the decrease was 7.0?2.19, and the enhancement effect still exhibited 24 hrs after acupuncture. In these tests an increase was mostly found in those with a lower or a usual CMI level; a decrease often found in those with a higher CMI level prior to acupuncture. The increase or decrease level in the results of three kinds of test (active, nonactive RFC and lymphocyte transformation) was similar, the increase range was 12～13%, the decrease range 6～7%. As the former compared with the latter, the promotion was prominent by all means.

Objective To characterize the mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in patients with phenylketonuria(PKU) in Ningxia area,China.Methods Seventy-three children diagnosed with PKU at the Child and Maternal Healthcare Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between January 2010 and June 2013,and 100 non-PKU children randomly chosen from children with normal results in PKU screening were enrolled in the study.Venous blood was collected and the PAH gene sequence was determined by direct DNA sequencing after amplification with the polymerase chain reaction technique.The new gene mutations were defined based on the national and international literature search and databases.The source of the newly discovered mutations was also measured by examining and sequencing the blood samples of their parents.The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results Among 146 alleles of the 73 PKU children,the detection rate of mutation of PAH gene was 79.5％ (116/146),including 37 types of mutations occurring in 11 exons other than exon 2 and exon 13.The 37 different mutations included 22 missense mutations (59.5％,22/37),six nonsense mutations(16.2％,6/37),six splice site mutations(16.2％,6/37) and three deletion mutations(8.1％,3/37).p.R243Q(17.1％,25/146),EX6-96A ＞ G (6.8％,10/146),p.R241C(6.2％,9/146),p.R413P (5.5％,8/146),p.Rl11X(4.8％,7/146) and IVS4-1G ＞ A(4.8％,7/146) were found to have a higher mutation frequency.Meanwhile,p.R243Q was the most common mutation among Han and Hui ethnic groups with a frequency of 18.8％(12/64) and 15.9％ (13/82),respectively.In contrast,p.R241C showed a significant higher frequency in the Hui group [9.8％(8/82) vs 1.6％(1/64),x2=4.17,P=0.04].Four new mutations of PAH genes,including p.Q304K,p.H107R,p.F392I and p.N223I,were discovered after literature search and comparative studies.Conclusions PAH gene mutations in children with PKU in Ningxia area are unique and are characterized by the diversity and complexity of mutation occurrence in this ethnic region.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect influencing factors of intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP) support during cardiac surgery perioperative period and countermeasures.Methods Clinical data of 42 patients using IABP in the cardiac surgery was analyzed retrospectively.The patients were classified into 2 groups:living group (32 patients) and died group (10 patients).The time of IABP implantation,preoperative cardiac function,the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and aorta block,mean arterial pressure (MAP) and inotropic score (IS) before using IABP and postoperative complications were recorded and compared.Results In died group,2 patients were used IABP preoperatively,1 patient was used intraoperatively,7 patients were used postoperatively,8 patients were in NYHA cardiac function class Ⅲ or Ⅳ preoperative,the duration of CPB and aorta block were (144.43 ± 49.03),(97.29 ± 39.99)min respectively,MAP and IS before using IABP were (57.34 ±7.25) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and (28.22 ±17.72) scores,IABP time was (86.00 ±52.31) min.Compared with living group,all above comparisons showed significant difference [(100.43 ± 35.03) min,(60.45 ± 20.55) min,(69.34 ± 8.05)mm Hg,(10.82 ± 15.75) scores,(49.00 ± 25.23) min] (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative complications in died group included 7 patients of ventilator dependency,6 patients of acute renal failure,5 patients of refractory metabolic acidosis,2 patients of malignant arrhythmia,1 patient of acute myocardial infarction,significantly higher than those in living group (0,4,2,0,0) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Erroneously choose the timing of using IABP,poor preoperative cardiac function,prolonging CPB and aorta block time,MAP less than 60 mm Hg and high dose positive inotropic agent before using IABP,and postoperative complications are main influencing factors for clinical outcomes of IABP in cardiac surgery.Reasonably choosing adaptive indication and timing of IABP,preventing and treating postoperative complications effectively can improve effects of IABP in cardiac surgery.

Objective To establish ovarian cancer cell line SKVO3 that can stably express human ADP ribosylation factor-4 (ARF4). Methods A eukaryotic expression vector pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro/ARF4 was constructed and transfected into SKOV3 cells after verifying by DNA sequencing. The expression of ARF4 mRNA was verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Then, the recombinant plasmid with lentiviral packaging plasmids were co-transfected into SKOV3 cells for packaging. The recombinant lentiviral particles LV-ARF4 were collected and transfected into SKOV3 cells, and the stable transfected SKOV3 cell line was screening by culture with puromycin. The expression of ARF4 gene was detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Results A eukaryotic expression vector pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro/ARF4 was successfully constructed. The vector could significantly up-regulate the expression of ARF4 mRNA in SKOV3 cells and be successfully packaged into recombinant lentiviral particles in HEK-293T cells. Compared with the control group, the relative expression level of ARF4 mRNA and protein in SKOV3 cells was significantly increased after the infection with LV-ARF4 (all P<0.001). Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro/ARF4 and lentiviral vector LV-ARF4 were successfully constructed. The establishment of stably infected SKOV3 cell line with LV-ARF4 provides an experimental foundation for further studies on the biological function of ARF4 in ovarian cancer.

Aptamers are DNA or RNA fragments that can specifically bind to target substances.Because of the excellent properties such as strong binding force,high specificity,small physical size,chemical synthesis and modification,good biocompatibility,and low immunogenicity aptamers show wide application propects in biomedical researches.Aptamers can also bind specifically to receptors on the surface of cell membranes,and mediate the endocytosis of nanoparticles into cells,making them ideal drug targeting ligands.Organic nanomaterials have excellent application value in nanodrug delivery system because of their good biocompatibility and degradability.In this paper,the recent research progress of aptamers and organic nanomaterials drug delivery systems was reviewed.

Objective:To investigate the allele distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphism in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to analyze its correlation with the presence and severity of coronary stenosis.Methods:A total of 94 elderly patients with T2DM who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the observation group, and 50 age- gender-matched healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The observation group was further divided into stenosis group and non-stenosis group based on the presence of coronary stenosis. Clinical data were collected from all participants, and blood samples were taken for analysis. The ALDH2 gene polymorphism (rs671 locus) was detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology. The distribution of ALDH2 genotypes was observed in elderly patients with T2DM, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with the development of coronary stenosis in elderly patients with T2DM. The degree of coronary stenosis was compared between patients with different genotypes.Results:The allele A frequency of ALDH2 gene (rs671 locus) was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group ( P<0.05). The proportion of patients with diabetes duration≥5 years and smoking history in the stenosis group was significantly higher than that in the non-stenosis group (all P<0.05). Serum levels of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in the stenosis group than in the non-stenosis group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was significantly lower in the stenosis group than in the non-stenosis group (all P<0.05). The proportion of ALDH2 genotypes AA and allele A frequency were significantly higher in the stenosis group than in the non-stenosis group (all P<0.05). Long duration of diabetes, low HDL-C level, and ALDH2 genotypes AA were independent risk factors for the development of coronary stenosis in elderly patients with T2DM (all P<0.05). The proportion of patients with three or more coronary artery lesions in the stenosis group with genotype AA was significantly higher than that in the stenosis group with genotypes GG and GA (all P<0.05). Conclusions:ALDH2 gene polymorphism is associated with the development of T2DM in elderly patients, and allele A carriers may have a higher risk of developing coronary stenosis and more severe disease severity.

Objective:To investigate the perioperative complications and risk factors of postoperative death in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).Methods:The perioperative data of 228 patients with ATAAD who underwent continuous surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2013 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The complications were analyzed. According to the survival within 30 days after surgery, they were divided into death group (24 cases) and survival group (204 cases). The risk factors of postoperative death were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of various risk factors on postoperative death of ATAAD patients.Results:The first three complications before operation were hypoxemia (10.1%, 23/228), pericardial tamponade (7.9%, 18/228), renal insufficiency (5.3%, 12/228), the first three complications after surgery were hypoxemia (75.8%, 173/228), renal insufficiency (26.8%, 61/228) and liver insufficiency (26.3%, 60/228). A total of 24 patients died, the fatality rate was 10.5%(24/228). Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥55 years old ( OR=7.733, 95% CI: 1.986-30.111, P=0.003), preoperative pericardial tamponade ( OR=5.641, 95% CI: 1.546-20.577, P=0.009), cardiopulmonary bypass time (CBP)≥200 min ( OR=1.008, 95% CI: 1.002-1.014, P=0.007) and postoperative renal insufficiency ( OR=5.875, 95% CI: 1.927-17.907, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for early death after ATAAD. The area under the ROC curves of joint prediction was 0.905 (95% CI: 0.820-0.950, P<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of joint prediction were 88.4%, 76.5%, respectively. Conclusions:ATAAD has many perioperative complications and high mortality. Age≥55 years old, preoperative pericardial tamponade, CPB time≥200 min, and postoperative renal insufficiency were independent risk factors for postoperative death in ATAAD patients.