OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy of L-carnitine in the treatment of heart failure,and provide evi-dence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from Cochrane Library,PubMed,Medline,CJFD and Wanfang Database, randomized controlled trials(RCT)about the efficacy of L-carnitine in the treatment of heart failure were collected. Me-ta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.1 software after data extraction and quality evaluation. RESULTS:Totally 42 RCTs were enrolled,involving 3 494 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,L-carnitine can significantly improve the effective rate [OR=4.07,95%CI(3.16,5.25),P<0.001],increase left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[MD=4.49,95%CI(3.49,5.49),P<0.001],decrease brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels [MD=-130.17,95%CI(-193.81,-66.52),P<0.001] and improve walk-ing distance in 6 minutes [MD=46.12,95%CI(35.72,56.51),P<0.001],the differences were statistically significant. CONCLU-SIONS:L-carnitine has good efficacy in the treatment of heart failure,it can significantly improve LVEF,decrease BNP level and increase walking distance in 6 minutes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hyponatremia(HN) and the plasma level of C-type natriueetic peptide(CNP) in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods Radioimmunoassay was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of CNP in 36 patients with HICH and the concentrations of serum sodium were measured.Results The mean plasma level of CNP in 6 cases with HN(24.6?3.98 mg/ml ) was significantly increased compared with that in 26 cases without HN(21.1?3.23 mg/ml)( P

Objective To investigate the effect and significance of batroxobin on the levels of neuron-specific enolase(NSE) and endothelin(ET) in plasm of patients with transient ischemic attacks(TIAs).Methods 120 cases of carotid territory TIAs(

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the teaching quality of the course of Drug Abuse and ADR Moni-toring in pharmacy master degree candidates. METHODS:In Pharmacy College of Jilin University,traditional teaching method was adopted among pharmacy master degree candidates of grade 2014(n=30,control group);case teaching method was adopted for the course of Drug Abuse and ADR Monitoring among those of grade 2015 (n=32,observation group). The teaching effects were evaluated by questionnaire and examination. RESULTS:Theoretical examination result and case analysis score as well as the rate of excellent case analysis score in observation group were all significantly higher than control group,with statistical signifi-cance (P<0.05). The satisfaction degree of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group in respects of teaching methods,arousing interest in classroom learning,establishing the awareness of safe and rational drug use,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For the course of Drug Abuse and ADR Monitoring in pharmacy master degree candi-dates,case teaching method improves students'exam results,stimulates students'interest and enthusiasm,promotes the establish-ment of students'safe and rational drug use consciousness and improves teaching quality.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and control the risk factors about nosocomial infection in cerebral hemorrhage patients.METHODS Totally 986 hospitalized patients with cerebral hemorrhage in our hospital from Jan 2002 to Dec 2005 were studied retrospectively.RESULTS It showed that the incidence of nosocomial infection rate was 32.05%,case infection rate was 44.62%.The nosocomial respiratory tract infection was the highest(66.36%),the second one was the urinary tract(20.68%).We also found that the risk factors prone to nosocomial infection were aging,long hospitalization,respiratory machine application,respiratory tract inicison,indwelling catheter and coma.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection is still a high frequent complication in cerebral hemorrhage.It is suggested that there be urgent need for treating the underlying disease and reducing the risk factors,then can reduce the development of infection in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the role of exosomal microRNA(miR)-191 derived from NaAsO2-transformed cells in proliferation of human liver L-02 cells.Methods The normal wild-type L-02 cells (recipient L-02 cells)were treated with media or exosome derived from 2 μmol/L NaAsO2-transformed L-02 cells.Anti-miR-191 and anti-miR-NC were transfected into NaAsO2-transformed L-02 (T-L-02) cells by lipofectamineTM 2000,respectively,while untreated group was set as control.The expression of miR-191 was detected by qRT-PCR.Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.Results The proliferation [(207 ± 24)％ vs (105 ± 21)％,t =5.462,P ＜ 0.01] and the expression of miR-191 [(206 ± 25)％ vs (105 ± 20)％,t =4.116,P ＜ 0.05] of recipient L-02 cells were significantly increased in the transformed L-02 cells media (T-CM) treated group compared with in the normal L-02 cells media (CM) group.Several concentrations of exosomes derived from CM did not change the proliferation and miR-191 expression of recipient L-02 cells (F =2.213,2.213,all P ＞ 0.05).Several concentrations of exosomes derived from T-CM increased the proliferation and miR-191 expression of recipient L-02 cells in a dose-response manner (F =10.910,4.553,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The proliferation [(160 ± 32)％ vs (102 ± 8)％,(203 ± 7)％ vs (111 ± 5)％,t =2.999,18.750,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01] of recipient L-02 cells treated with 20 or 50 mg/L exosomes derived from T-CM was higher than that treated with the same concentration of exosomes derived from CM.The expression of miR-191 [(166 ± 13)％ vs (113 ±9)％,(211 ± 55)％ vs (102 ± 8)％,(206 ± 31)％ vs (105 ± 6)％,t =5.611,3.357,5.509,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01] of recipient L-02 cells treated with 10,20 or 50 mg/L exosomes derived from T-CM was higher than that treated with the same concentration of exosomes derived from CM.The miR-191 levels of T-L-02 cells [(39 ± 10)％ vs (100 ± 0)％ or (106 ±17)％,all P ＜ 0.01] or exosomes [(30 ± 19)％ vs (100 ± 0)％ or (104 ± 17)％,all P ＜ 0.01] in the anti-miR-191 treated group were significantly lower than that in the untreated group or anti-miR-NC treated group.The exosomes derived from untreated group promoted the proliferation [(395 ± 31)％ vs (100 ± 0)％,t =16.290,P ＜ 0.01] and miR-191 expression [(208 ± 47)％ vs (100 ± 0)％,t =4.015,P ＜ 0.05] of recipient L-02 cells.The proliferation [(157 ± 19)％ vs (395 ± 31)％ or (411 ± 55)％,P ＜ 0.05] and miR-191 expression of [(103 ± 44)％ vs (208 ± 47)％ or (197 ± 37)％,P＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01] of recipient L-02 cells treated with exosomes derived from anti-miR-191 treated group were lower than those treated with exosomes derived from untreated group or anti-miR-NC treated group.Conclusion The exosomal miR-191 secreted by NaAsO2-transformed L-02 cells promotes proliferation of normal human L-02 cells.

Objective To study the effects of Qingzao Runfei Huazhuo Xingxue decoction (QRHXD) on inflammatory reaction and histopathology in mice with PM2.5-induced pulmonary injury, and to approach the possible mechanism of prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine on lung injury induced by haze.Methods Fifty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): namely control, PM2.5, PM2.5+ low-, moderate-, and high-dose groups. The PM2.5 suspensions at a dosage of 40 mg/kg was respectively given to mice by the nasal instillation for reproduction of mouse model of lung injury induced by PM2.5, and the mice in control group were given the same volume of normal saline. The mice in PM2.5+ low-, moderate-, and high-dose QRHXD groups were given 15, 25, 50 mL·kg-1·d-1 QRHXD by oral perfusion daily for consecutive 21 days at the next day of model reproduction (the QRHXD included: Pear 75 g,Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 10 g, Radix Stemonae 8 g,Rhizoma Pinelliae 8 g,Radix Platycodi 6 g, Aster 10 g, Almond 5 g, Lily 6 g, Rhodiola 4 g, Lotus 3 g,Fructrs Liquidambaris 6 g,Radix Paeoniae Rubra 5 g, Semen Cassiae 6 g). The mice in control and PM2.5 groups were given equivalent volume of normal saline respectively. After treatment for 21 days, the mice were sacrificed, and the left lung was harvested for bronchoalveolar lavage, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of levels of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and albumin (ALB). The right lung was harvested for histopathology observation under light microscope using hematoxylin and eosine (HE) staining.Results After intranasal instillation of PM2.5 suspension, the levels of ACP, AKP, LDH, and ALB in PM2.5 group were significantly higher than those in control group [ACP (U/L): 3.9±0.4 vs. 1.7±0.3, AKP (U/L): 9.0±1.5 vs. 4.8±0.3, LDH (U/L): 416.7±44.4 vs. 112.5±20.3, ALB (mg/L): 198.7±32.4 vs. 65.8±21.3, all P < 0.05]. Under light microscope, the PM2.5 particles were collected, the alveolar septa were thickened, and the inflammatory cells in the alveolar cavity and pulmonary interstitium were found. On the contrary, after administration of QRHXD, a significant reduction of biochemical indexes was found, which showed a dose-dependent manner. The parameters of PM2.5+ high-dose QRHXD group were significantly lower than those in PM2.5 group [ACP (U/L): 2.1±0.8 vs. 3.9±0.4, AKP (U/L): 5.3±1.4 vs. 9.0±1.5, LDH (U/L): 146.6±29.8 vs. 416.7±44.4, ALB (mg/L): 88.5±26.7 vs. 198.7±32.4, all P < 0.05]. At the same time, the pathological changes in lung tissue were better with the increase of the dose.Conclusions QRHXD can reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by PM2.5, with the increase concentration of Chinese medicine, and the effect is more obvious. This may be related to the immune response of the human body to regulate inflammatory mediators, which provide basis for the treatment of pulmonary injury induced by PM2.5.

ObjectiveTo express the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core gene in E . coli on a high level. Methods　The cDNA coding for HCV core protein was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was　purified and digested with restriction enzymes and inserted into the downstream of PRPL promoter of a high-level ex- pression vector pBV220. HCV core gene was expressed in E. coli in a non-fused form. The expression protein was analysed by SDS-PAGE , and its immunoactivity was tested by ELISA. Results Sequence analysis of the amplified PCR products confirmed that we have successfully cloned and expresssed the intact core protein of HCV. SDS-PAGE showed that a specific protein with a molecular weight of 21kDa at a level of 14. 0％ of the total bacterial proteins ap- peared in bacteria harboring pBV/HCVCore, while this protein was absent in the control bacteria harboring pBV220. The results of enzyme immunoassay analysis showed that this protein could be specifically recognized by the HCV pos- itive sera from patients with hepatitis C . Conclusion The intact HCV core protein was successfully expressed in E . coli in a non-fused form on a high level, and its immunoactivity was high.

Objective To explore the effect of different delivering methods on the pelvic floor function in vaginal delivery by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound.Methods Eighty-four patients delivered transvaginal were classified into three groups according to the mode of delivery (perineal integrity group [n=32],episiotomy group [n=30] and forceps delivery group [n=22]).The hiatal images at resting,Valsalva,levator ani muscle maximum contraction were obtained and compared in three groups.Results There were no differences between perineal integrity group and episiotomy group in hiatal diameter and area (P＞0.05).There were significantly differences between perineal integrity group and forceps delivery group in hiatal diameter,area and change in hiatal area from rest to pelvic floor muscle contraction and from rest to Valsalva (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The injury of the pelvic floor of forceps delivery group is bigger than perineal integrity.And episiotomy is no significant difference with pelvic floor function injury.

Objective To prepare PET molecular probe folate-NOTA-Al18F(18F-FNA) and to explore its feasibility as an imaging agent in folate receptor positive KB tumor.Methods 18F-FNA was prepared by the method of aluminum fluoride coordination labeling, and the effect of phase transfer catalyst K2.2.2 on the labeling yield was evaluated.Biological distribution was carried out at 10, 30 and 90 min after injection of 3.7 MBq 18F-FNA in nude mice (n=20) xenografted with KB tumor, and the radioactive uptake (%ID/g) and T/NT ratios were then calculated in different organs or tissues.MicroPET imaging was performed at 40 min after injection of 18F-FNA (3.7 MBq).Results The labeling yield of 18F-FNA increased with the presence of K2.2.2.The radiochemical yield was above 98%.The radiochemical purity was above 99%, and still above 98% after maintained in PBS and FBS at 37 ℃ for 4 h.The biodistribution showed that the blood clearance of the probe was slow, and the uptakes in kidneys and tumor which overexpressed folate receptor were significantly high ((5.12±0.58) %ID/g and (1.37±0.20) %ID/g).The high radioactive uptake was observed in KB xenografted mice using microPET imaging.Conclusions The labeling yield of 18F-FNA could increase with the presence of K2.2.2.Furthermore, the encouraging biological distribution and microPET imaging results indicate that 18F-FNA may be a candidate for PET imaging in targeting folate receptor.