Thyroid diseases in fetuses and newborns are rare but can be severe in some cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to improve the prognosis. This review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment strategies of this disease during the fetal and neonatal periods. For fetuses with goiter, the main clinical issue is to differentiate hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and offer appropriate management on this basis. Management of maternal, fetal, and neonatal thyroid diseases requires an experienced multidisciplinary team including adult and pediatric endocrinologists, obstetricians, and sonographers.

0.05),excepting the significant differences in the non-elderly ( P

This study aimed at immobilizing the antibodies on the surfaces of the solid host membranes in order to improve the property of the biomaterial. The von Willebrand factor (vWf) antibodies were immobilized on the surface of Bombyx mori silk fibroin and PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) membrane by NH3 plasma treatment followed by covalent cross-linking reaction. The immobilization efficiency was evaluated by two methods including the antibody surplus and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The in vitro antithrombogenicity representing the activity of immobilized vWf antibody was determined by the method of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Prothrombin Time (PT) and Thrombin Time (TT) test. The results demonstrate that the vWf antibodies are immobilized on silk fibroin and PLA membranes in an efficient way with the efficiency of antibody surplus up to 23.88% and ELISA reaction is positive. APTT and TT exceeded the upper limits distinctly, but the value of PT did not change noticeably. The in vitro antithrombogenicity represented the is activity-retaining form of antibodies. These results extend the application of antibody immobilization technique and provide a new idea about the design of biomaterials relating to the coagulation factors.
Antibodies ; chemistry ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; chemistry ; von Willebrand Factor ; immunology

Objective: To investigate visual acuity of pupils of grade 4-6 in Liaoning Province in 2019 and to analyze its influencing factors, and to provide the scientific basis for myopia prevention and intervention. Methods: A total of 16 716 students of grade 4-6 in 14 cities of Liaoning Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, and the long-range visual acuity and refraction was evaluated and a questionnaire survey was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the in-fluencing factors of myopia in primary school students. Results: The myopic rate of grade 4-6 pupils in Liaoning Province was 49.17%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis found that the main factors affecting vision included urban and rural division, sex, recess, restriction of electronic products usage from parents, and heredity(OR=0.93, 1.29, 0.90, 0.82, 3.12, 1.61, 1.64, P<0.05). Among them, rural areas, outdoor activity during recess and restriction of electronic product usage from parents was associated with lower risk of myopia, in contrast, being girl and parental myopia was associated with higher risk of myopia. Conclusion The incidence of myopia among primary school students in Liaoning Province is relatively high, exterting high pressure on prevention and control. In order to prevent myopia in primary school students, Composite interventions should be developed including change students’ lear-ning style, eliminate unhealthy living habits and targeted propaganda and education.

The incidence of early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC) is consistently increasing, and its etiology is notably complex. This increase may be attributed to distinctive factors that differ from those associated with late-onset gastric cancer (LOGC), including genetic predispositions, dietary factors, gastric microbiota dysbiosis, and screening of high-risk cases. These factors collectively contribute to the onset of cancer. EOGC significantly differs from LOGC in terms of clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Moreover, multiple differences in prognosis and clinical management also exist. This study aimed to systematically review the latest research advancements in the epidemiological characteristics, etiological factors, clinicopathological and molecular features, prognosis, and treatment modalities of EOGC.

Background: Oral cancer is a common type of head and neck cancers. Knowing its epidemiologic characteristics is crucial to preventing, diagnosing, and treating this cancer. This study aimed to explore the epidemiologic characteris?tics of oral cancer in South China. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 4097 oral cancer patients treated at the Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center between 1960 and 2013. We compared the age of onset, sex ratio, pathologic type, and primary tumor location among three subcultural areas (Guangfu, Hakka, and Chaoshan) and between an economically developed region and a less?developed one in Guangdong. Results: Overall, oral cancer had a male?to?female ratio of approximately 2:1, and this ratio decreased over time. Oral cancer occurred mostly in patients of 45–64 years old (54.5%), and the percentage of older patients gradually increased over time. The most common tumor location was the tongue. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predomi?nant pathologic type. The percentage of blood type O in oral cancer patients was lower than that in the healthy pop?ulation. The male?to?female ratio in the Chaoshan area was higher than that in the Guangfu and Hakka areas, whereas the age of disease onset in Guangfu was higher than that in Hakka and Chaoshan. The male?to?female ratio was lower and the age of disease onset was higher in the economically developed region than in the less?developed region. Conclusion: The incidence of oral cancer in South China presents typical characteristics to which doctors should pay attention when diagnosing and treating oral cancer patients.

OBJECTIVEBenign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTs) is a common idiopathic partial epileptic syndrome in childhood, which often affect the pre-school and school-age children and a considerable proportion have comorbidity including lower academic achievement and cognitive impairment. Few studies involved the psychocognitive assessment in such a drug-treatable epileptic syndrome especially in the newly diagnosed and medications-naive group. This study aimed to investigate the cognitive characteristics of children with newly onset BECTs before treatment.

METHODForty-one outpatients with newly diagnosed BECTs who visited the Clinic during the periods from October 2012 to May 2014 before the medications against epilepsy and 41 healthy controls recruited from regular school in Beijing during the period from July 2013 to March 2014, who matched in age and gender underwent battery testing by computerized cognitive testing in epilepsy (CCTE). The BECTs group included 41 children, 20 boys and 21 girls, mean age (8.2 ± 1.7) years, the age of onset of epilepsy 4.5-11.5 years (the age of onset <8 years in 25 cases, ≥ 8 years in 16 cases). The cognitive characteristics and associated factors were analyzed. The primary data including correct answer numbers and reaction times were analyzed by independent sample t-test between the two groups of children with BECTs and healthy controls based on SPSS 18.0 statistical software.

RESULTRaw data of 9 tasks' scores collected from BECTs and healthy control children were continuous variables in accordance with normal distribution. BECTs children performed significantly worse than controls in choice reaction time ((618+158) vs. (524+254) ms), three-dimensional mental rotation (11 ± 10 vs. 18 ± 12) and visual tracing (10 ± 6 vs.15 ± 6), t=2.01, 3.03 and 3.47, P<0.05, <0.01 and <0.001, respectively.While other 6 tasks showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05 for all comparisons). BECTs boys performed significantly worse than girls on simple substraction tasks compared with standard nine score ((4.7 ± 1.5) vs. (5.6 ± 1.2), t=-2.24, P<0.05). Other 8 tasks showed no significant difference between boys and girls (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Other 9 tasks showed no significant differences between the two groups of BECTs children whose age of onset was before 8 years and those who started seizure ≥ 8 years (P all >0.05). The standard nine scores of simple substraction from the three BECTs groups of dominance sides of spikes and waves during NREM showed significant difference (P<0.05). BECTs children with bilateral discharges performed significantly worse than the other two groups dominantly right or left discharges (4.7 ± 1.2 vs. 6.0 ± 1.2 vs. 4.9 ± 1.4, P all <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups with right and left side dominance discharges (P>0.05). Other 8 tasks showed no significant differences among the three groups (P>0.05 for all comparisons).

CONCLUSIONAlthough EEG discharges index below 50% during NREM period, while newly diagnosed BECTs children before treatment with medications against epilepsy performed poorer on tasks of choice reaction time, three-dimensional mental rotation, and visual tracing. The two factors of male and bilateral discharges during NREM period correlate with dysfunction of simple subtraction, the mechanism needs further study and the cognitive function of epilepsy children should be evaluated and followed up, in order to provide psychologic baseline data for persistent cognitive disturbance.

Beijing ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; diagnosis ; Comorbidity ; Epilepsy, Rolandic ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reaction Time ; Seizures ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of computerized online cognitive training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Fifteen children with ADHD recruited from Department of Neurology in the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics received computerized online cognitive training including attention training,visual spatial training and memory training.Cognitive neuropsychological test battery (choice reaction time,mental rotation,word semantic,simple subtraction,working memory and visual tracing) was used to assess the cognitive function in pre-training and post-training stages,such as basic response ability,reaction speed,visuo-spatial cognitive ability,semantic comprehension,calculation fluency,working memory and attention ability.Paired-samples t test was used to make comparison of the cognitive test results between pre-training condition and post-training condition.Results All the correction scores of cognitive tests were transformed to percentile scores.Paired-samples t test results showed that the ADHD children got higher scores in the post-training condition than in the pre-training condition in working memory test [(52.00 ± 20.77) ％ vs (39.73 ± 23.64) ％,t =2.72,P ＜ 0.05].There was no significant training effect in choice reaction time,mental rotation,sentence completion,simple subtraction and visual tracing(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Computerized online cognitive training can significantly improve the working memory of children with ADHD,and has no side effects on other cognitive functions.It need to further expand the sample size and follow up the training effect for a long-term.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the anterior and posterior occlusal plane characteristics of patients with different temporomandibular joint osseous statuses. METHODS: A total of 306 patients with initial cone beam CT (CBCT) and cephalograms were included. They were divided into three groups on the basis of their temporomandibular joint osseous status: bilateral normal (BN) group, indeterminate for osteoarthrosis (I) group, and osteoarthrosis (OA) group. The anterior and posterior occlusal planes (AOP and POP) of the different groups were compared. Then, the regression equation was established after adjusting for confounding factors, and a correlation analysis between the occlusion planes and other parameters was performed. RESULTS: SNA, SNB, FMA, SN-MP, Ar-Go, and S-Go were correlated with the occlusal planes. Relative to the BN and I groups, the FH-OP of the OA group increased by 1.67° on the average, FH-POP increased by 1.42° on the average, and FH-AOP increased by 2.05° on the average. CONCLUSIONS The occlusal planes were steeper in the patients with temporomandibular osteoarthrosis than in the patients without it, and the mandible rotated downward and backward. The height of the mandibular ramus, the mandibular body length, and the posterior face height were small. In clinical practice, attention should be given to the potential risk of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis in such patients. In addition, SNB, FMA, SN-MP, Ar-Go, S-Go, and occlusal planes had moderate correlations.
Humans ; Dental Occlusion ; Cephalometry ; Mandible ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging* ; Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging* ; Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging* ; Mandibular Condyle