Objective The practical evaluation of Rosco Disk Diffusion method on the clinical antifungal susceptibility test for yeast-like fungi. Methods The Fluconazole susceptibility test was detected by Rosco Disk Diffusion method and NCCLS M27-A broth macrodilution method with 76 yeast-like fungus strains isolated from clinical specimens. Three standard strains were used as the quality control. Results Coincidence rate of the two methods was 90.8%,The sensitive strains detected by one method didn't show resistance in another detection method, and the resistant strains detected by one method yet didn't show sensivity in another.Conclusion Rosco disk diffusion method can be used in clinical detection instead of NCCLS M27-A broth macrodilution method.

Objective To study the effects of desflurane on Ca 2+-ATPase activity isolated rat cardiac myocyte plasma membrane ,for the mechanisms of its inhibitory myocardial function.Methods The effects of different concentration desflurane(0%-11%) on Ca 2+-ATPase activity were studied at different calcium concentration(04-20?mol/L) and at 25℃ or 37℃Results Ca 2+-ATPase activity wan depressed by desflurane,the greater inhibitory effect,the higher desflurane concentration,and more severely at low calcium concentration or at 37℃ than at high calcium concentration or at 25℃Conclusions At clinical concentration desflurane produces tha inhibitory effect on rat cardiac myocyte plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase activity dose-dependently,which may in part explain its depression on myocardial function.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol and thiopontal on calcium and potassium channels in rat ventricular myocytes and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of their inhibitory effect on myocardium. Methods Freshly isolated ventricular myocytes were prepared from hearts of rats by trypsin. The effects of propofol and thiopental on L-type calcium current(Ica) and delayed rectifier potassium current(IK)were compared using whole-cell patch clump technique. Results Propofol and thiopontal produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of Ica. Peak concentration of propofol(50 ?mol?L~(-1)) and thiopental(100 ?mol?L~(-1)) during induction of anesthesia decreased Ica by 28% and 46% and shifted the steady-state inactivation curve to more negative voltage, but had no effect on the steady-state activation curve. Propofol and thiopental also decreased IK in a concentration-dependent manner, but the effects of both anesthetics on IK were smaller compared with their effects on Ica. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the negative inotropic of propofol and thiopental are, at least in part, related to decrease in Ca~(2+) trans-sarcolemmal current by accelerating L-type calcium channel inactivation. Both anesthetics decrease delayed rectifier potassium current, thus partially antagonizing the effect of decreased calcium current.

Objective To study the effect of etomidate on the changes in [Ca2+]i in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes induced by KCI. Methods Freshly isolated SD rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes were prepared. KCI was used as chemical stimulant. Neurochemical method was employed (Fura-2 was used as calcium indicator) . Etomidate was added (the end concentration was 0.4, 4, 40 and 100 ?mol?L-1 respectively) before and after stimulation with KCI 50 mmol?L-1 to determine the peak and plateau [Ca2+]i in the cerebrocortical synaptomes. Results Before KCI stimulation etomidate inhibited KCl-evoked increase in intra-synaptosomal [Ca2+ ]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory ratio of peak calcium concentration was 5%?3% , 11%?6% , 24%?10% and 33%?12% respectively as compared with control. Etomidate at concentration of 40 ?mol?L-1 and above had significant effect on [Ca2+]i. When added immediately after KCI stimulation, 4,40 ?mol?L-1 etomidate significantly increased plateau [Ca2+]i in synaptosomes.Conclusion Etomidate alters KC1-induced calcium dynamics in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes. Presynaptic calcium channels and calcium removal mechanism are involved in its anesthetic action.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control interventions among employees in centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) in Hebei Province. Methods Tobacoo control interventions, including health education, Quit and Win competition, and founding smokeless CDC, were carried out in CDC system in Hebei Province from May 2006 to June 2008. Surveys on smoking rate of employees and on average cigarette quantity consumed by male employee smokers were conducted at the beginning and the end of the interventions. Results In 2006, 9 931 employees in 174 centers at provincial, city, county level in Hebei Province participated in this study. The overall smoking rate was 25.69%. Male employees had a higher smoking rate (51.28%) than the females (0.68%). The smoking rate of male employees was 50.92%, 49.48% and 51.72% for provincial, city and county CDC levels, respectively. The average cigarettes consumed by one smoker in one day were 15.0. In 2008, 9 139 employees in 189 centers participated in this study. The overall current smoking rate was 25.07%. The smoking rate was 52.26% and 0.43% for males and females, respectively. The smoking rates of male employees in provincial and city CDCs were 43.93% and 46.18%, significantly lower than those in 2006. The smoking rate of male employees in county CDCs was 53.98%, much higher than that in 2006. The average cigarettes consumed by one smoker in one day in 2008 were 12.4, significantly less than that in 2006. The current smoking rate of male employees in smokeless CDCs was 48.0% , significantly lower than 56.9% in non smokeless CDCs. Conclusion Male employees in Hebei Province CDC system had a high smoking rate. Tobacco control interventions play a role in reducing smoking rate and cigarettes consumption.

OBJECTIVE： To prepare Kangzhi lotion and observe its therapeutic effects on seborrheic dermatitis METHODS： To introduce the ingredients， preparation process and quality control of the lotion RESULTS:The total effective rate of the lotion on seborrheic dermatitis was 90 5％  CONCLUSION： The product is reliable in clinical effect and does not induce adverse reaction

Objective To investigate the protective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on myocardium injury after sepsis in rats in order to clarify the mechanisms.Methods The rat models of sepsis were produced by cecal ligation and perforation method (CLP).Ninty-six healthy SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into 3 groups:the sham operation group (Sham group,n =32),the sepsis group (CLP group,n =32),and the EPO treatment group (EPO group,n =32) treated with EPO 1000 IU/kg intraperitoneal injection after the CLP.The observation intervals were set at 3 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after the surgery.The cardiac hemodynamics of the CLP group were measured.Plasma levels of inflammatory factors and myocardial enzyme indicators were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ; Membrane potential levels of chondriosome of myocardial cells,cell apoptosis rates and expressions of nuclear factor-κB p65 of myocardium tissue were detected by flow cytometer; Then the pathological change of myocardium with HE staining was observed under light microscopy.Results (1) Compared with the CLP group,left ventricle systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricle diastolic end pressure (LVEDP),the maximum rate of left ventricle rise and fall (+ dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax) in the EPO group improved (P ＜0.05,P＜0.01); (2) Compared with the Sham operation group,plasma levels of tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),C-reactive protein (CRP),cardiac troponin-I (cTNI),creatine kinase (CK),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamine-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in the CLP group increased at each interval (P ＜ 0.05),and those biomarkers in the EPO group were lower than those in the CLP group (P ＜ 0.05) ; On the contrary,plasma level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in EPO group was higher than that in the CLP group (P ＜ 0.01) ; (3) Compared with the Sham operation group,the cell apoptosis rates in the CLP group increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),and it decreased obviously in the EPO group (P ＜ 0.01); (4) Compared with the Sham group,membrane potential levels of chondriosome of myocardial cell in the CLP group decreased (P ＜0.01),while it increased in the EPO group in comparison with the CLP group (P ＜ 0.01) ; (5) Pathological changes of myocardium after the CLP could be lessened by the EPO treatment.Conclusions EPO may increase membrane potential levels of chondriosome and decrease the apoptosis rates of myocardial cell in rats after sepsis,and it may reduced the production of inflammatory factors to protect the myocardial cell by down-regulating NF-κB p65.Both increased membrane potential level of chonriosome and decreased inflammatory factor may implicate in myocardium protection thereby improving cardiac function after sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Both abnormal permeability of ionic channel and disturbance of ionic balance between inside and outside nerve cell are key factors for ischemic brain injury after ischemia. Depolarization induced by activation of sodium channel is starting link for cerebral ischemic injury.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of droperidol on persistent sodium channel currents of pyramidal cell in hippocampal CA1 area of rats with cerebral ischemia with patch clamp technique so as to analyze whether droperidol can protect cerebral ischemic injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and Department of Anesthesiology of the First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Department of Anesthesiology of the First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from April 2002 to April 2003. Totally 14 SD rats, aging 10-14days, without ablactation, were selected. Two cells in hippocampal CA1area of each rat were collected, totally 28 cells were divided into 4 groups:ischemic control group, 3 μmol/L droperidol group, 10 μmol/L droperidol group and 30 μmol/L droperidol group, with 7 cells in each group.METHODS: Pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 area were separated with digested enzyme method, and ischemic model of neuron was established through hypoxia and no sugar method. Cells were selected with the following conclusion criteria: well adherent wall, triangle or starry shape,bright soma, well refraction, obvious apophysis, steady plasma, and transparent nucleolus. Y-tube system was used for rapid medication. 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidol were given to rats in 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidols respectively, but rats in ischemic control group were not given any medicine. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to recorded basic value of persistent sodium currents and changes of sodium channel currents during 3-minute and 5-minute ischemia.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Record of normal persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area; ② Record of persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia; ③ Effect of droperidol in various concentrations on persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia.RESULTS: Totally 28 cells in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area of 14 rats were entered the final analysis. ① Record of normal persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area: 0.5 mmol/L CdCl2 calcium channel blocking agent and 20 mmol/L TEA kalium channel blocking agent were used to perform 400 ms square-wave stimulation under -105 mV claw voltage and -30 mV stimulated voltage. Introversion current,slight, late activation and lasting for a long time, was recorded and deter mined as persistent sodium currents by blocking toxin of puffer fish. ② Record of persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia: After 3-minute ischemia, persistent sodium currents in ischemic control group was increased as (1.60±0.21) times as that in normal group, and was (2.87 ±0.45) times after 5-minute ischemia. The difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Effect of droperidol at various concentrations on persistent sodium current of neuron in cerebral hippocampal CA1 area during cerebral ischemia: Basic values of persistent sodium currents were (77.42±15.17) pA, (87.44±21.56) pA, (84.13±20.06) pA and (80.22±19.30) pA in ischemic control, 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidol groups respectively, and the differences among groups were not significant. After 5-minute ischemia, values of persistent sodium currents were (105.36±17.16) pA, (94.74±18.88) pA and (84.88±13.94) pA in 3, 10 and 30 μmol/L droperidol groups respectively, which were obviously lower than that in the ischemic control group (218.31±29.34) pA.CONCLUSION: Persistent sodium currents increase under -105 mV claw voltage and -30 mV stimulated voltage during cerebral ischemic injury. Droperi dol can protect neuron by inhibiting the increase of persistent sodium current.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of cervical vertebral reconstruction using titanium mesh and nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) mesh as two different kinds of artificial vertebrae. Methods From January 2008 to June 2009 had surgically treated 37 cases of cervical spondylosis with anterior corpectomy for decompression, and artificial vertebrae implanted combined platescrews fixation for cervical reconstruction and fusion. As a vertebral substitution, titanium mesh were implanted in 25 cases ( group A ), and the others (12 cases, group B) were implanted with n-HA/PA66 mesh. The height of fusion space immediately postoperatively and the implanted condition were observed. The fusion rate and the JOA score were recorded to compare the clinical outcomes. Results Two groups received 6-20 ( 15.4 ±4.2 )months follow-up. When follow-up to the end grafts were already fusion. The preoperative JOA score in group A,B [(8.40 ±0.96) scores vs. (8.33 ±1.07) scores(P ＞ 0.05)] were increased to (14.36 ±0.86)scores and (14.83 ±0.71) scores after postoperatively (P＞ 0.05),but there were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative each group (P＜0.05). There were 6 cases artificial vertebrae in group A and 1 case in group B subsided asymptomaticly with 100% choiceness rate. Conclusion These two kinds of artificial vertebrae could show similar outcomes in cervical vertebral reconstruction, but the n-HA/PA66 mesh has a lower subsidence rate.

AIM To elucidate the direct effects of propofol and thiopental on cardiac contraction by measuring intracellular Ca 2+ concentration change in cultured rat ventricular myocytes. METHOD Ventricular myocytes of neonatal rats were obtained by enzymatic digestion with typsin and were cultured for 4～5 days, then were loaded with Fluo 3AM, a new Ca 2+ indicator. The effects of propofol (50, 250 ?mol?L -1 ) or thiopental (100, 500 ?mol?L -1 ) on changes of intracellular Ca 2+ fluorescent intensity induced by KCl, isoprenaline or caffeine were investigated. RESULTS Both intravenous anesthetics caused dose dependent inhibit Ca 2+ transsarcolemmal influx induced by KCl and isoprenaline, peak Ca 2+ fluorescent intensity decreased. The inhibitory effect of thiopental was more than propofol at equiopotency. Neither anesthetics altered the amount of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores in response to caffeine. CONCLUSION The negative inotropic effects of propofol and thiopental, at least in part, may be mediated by a decrease Ca 2+ transsarcolemmal influx though voltage gated and receptor gated calcium channel, but it is not relate to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release.