OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of neurosurgical postoperative intracranial infection.METHODS Totally 5405 patients who had a neurosurgical operation from 1996 to 2003 in our department were chosen(172(cases) with intracranial infection).Many risk factors were studied retrospectively,A data-base was set up with EXCEL,and Logistic regression was selected to analyze the factors which might cause infection.RESULTS The(analysis) of 5405 cases revealed that infection rate was closely related to the operation durations,CSF fistulae,(ventricle) drainage,the insertion of tubes,the approach to the post fossa,the complication from diabetes mellitus(DM),and open(craniocerebral) injuries.While had little effect of sex,age,the season,longer application of hormones before the operation,preoperative diseases,and longer application of antibiotics before or after the operation.(CONCLUSIONS) To decrease the infection rate,according the clinical experience,the operation should be finished as soon as possible,the suture should be done completely to prevent CSF fistulae,and the duration of the ventricle drainage should be controlled strictly.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) as a carrier protein candidate for the preparing of polysaccharide-protein conjugate, and to discuss the immune effects of tetanus toxoid (TT) as the carrier protein in mucosal delivery vaccine. Methods The refolded pentrumer protein, rCTB was obtained by genetic engineering methods. Then conjugated the refold-ed protein with group A meningococcal polysaccharide (GAMP) using the chemical method(ADH) ,the pol-ysaccharide-protein conjugates(GAMP-rCTB) were prepared. BALB/c mice were immunized either intraper-itoneally ( i. p. ) or intranasally ( i. n. ) with GAMP-rCTB. Moreover, GAMP-TT vaccine that TT as carrier proteins was i.n. immunized to the mice. The evaluation of immunology is performed. Results The conju-gates of polysaccharide-potein with the rCTB and TT as protein carrier both are able to elicit high level of GAMP specific IgG antibody in serum after i.n. immunization, and the conjugates can also elicit specific IgA antibody in lung lavage and intestinal mucosa. Conclusion rCTB and TT can both as the protein carri-er for polysaccharide-protein conjugate as mucosal vaccine. The route of intranasal may be more ways for im-mune function than i.p. immunization when rCTB is used as the carrier of the polysaccharide-protein conju-gates.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of varicella attenuated live vaccine ( VarV) produced by A Co. Ltd. Methods We selected 3 provinces in China and enrolled 15 002 children aged 3-<11 in this random, multicenter study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the ex-perimental group and the control group. Every varicella case was collected and recorded to calculate the vac-cine efficacy. Vaccine safety was assessed by means of spontaneous report and regular follow-up visits. Re-sults During the observation period, the incidence of varicella was 0. 147% in the experimental group and 1. 155% in the control group (P<0. 001). The vaccine efficacy was 87. 27%. The adverse reaction rate af-ter vaccination was lower than the rates reported in other literatures. Conclusion The VarV produced by A Co. , Ltd. in China was effective and safe in preventing varicella.

BACKGROUNDTo observe the protective effect of hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF2 recombinant protein expressed in prokaryote cell cynomolgus macaques (cynos) against challenging with wild-type HEV.

METHODSCynos were immunized with HEV ORF2 recombinant protein and then challenged with wild-type HEV, the unimmunized cynos were used as control. Blood samples were collected and tested to see if there were dynamic changes of ALT and antibody to HEV before and after challenge with wild-type HEV.

RESULTSAll the five unimmunized cynos re-presented hepatitis 3 weeks after challenging with wild-type HEV. However, all the five immunized cynos showed no hepatitis and pathological changes.

CONCLUSIONSCynos can be efficiently protected by immunization with HEV ORF2 recombinant protein against wild-type HEV. This protein can be a promising candidate for HEV vaccine.

Animals ; Female ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis E ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis E virus ; immunology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology ; Viral Proteins ; immunology

With the development of society and economy, the disease spectrum of Chinese residents has undergone a major change, and the public health emergencies have occasionally occurred. The new situation has put forward higher requirements on the emergency capacity, professional technical level and treatment quality of critical care treatment system. Combining with the advantages of hospital aviation, ground and Internet emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital established a new construction path of emergency and critical care treatment system, namely "trinity" rescue system of aviation, ground and Internet emergency treatment and the "five-ring" model of critical care treatment system in hospital. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the practical experience of the construction of emergency and critical care system in Henan Provincial People's Hospital, so as to provide reference for the management of emergency and critical care in China.