Chinese prescription is composed of Chinese herbal medicines according to "seven compatible relations" and "sovereign, minister, assistant and courier" principles. There are many methods in the research on combination and composition of Chinese herbal medicines. These methods are classified into traditional model and modern model. For the time being, compatibility study of traditional Chinese herbal medicines has developed from traditional model to modern model. The traditional model mainly studies the effects and mechanisms of the whole and split formulae in medical crude drug level, while the modern model mainly studies the effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine compositions in components combination level. Moreover, quantitative analysis becomes probable by modern model method. Now, setting up of new components combination model and optimal composition methods will not only develop the combination and the composition of Chinese herbal medicines from medicinal crude drug level to components composition level, but also get new formulae which have clear components and effects, and action targets and mechanisms. It will effectively promote the development of Chinese medicine formula.

Objective To study the value of digital molybdenum target mammography in diagnosing breast cancer.Methods Digital molybdenum target X-ray findings of 36 cases with breast cancer confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analysed.Results X-ray appeared as masses in 22 cases(61.1%),masses with calcification in 7(19.4%),asymmetry increased density with structural disorder in 4(11.1%),Pagets disease in 1(2.7%),pure calcification in 3(8.33%),abnormal vessels in 3(8.33%),skin thickening in 4(8.73%).Conclusion The direct and indirect digital molybdenum target mammographic signs of breast cancer are important for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast cancer.

Objective: The theory and repair summary of infusion pump were introduced to improve its maintenance and usage by taking SK-600I infusion pump as an example. Methods:With the cases from practical works including faults such as under-pressure alarm, bubble alarm, block alarms and rate accuracy problem, true or fault respectively, the principle, maintenance, attention issues, fault analyses and repairing methods of infusion pump were presented. Results:To help operators and technicians deal with all kinds of pump failures. Some advices on improving theSK-600I infusion pump design were provided. Conclusion: Infusion pump is a high intelligent medical device, but improper use, mechanical and electrical fault will put adverse impact on its application. Mastering the basic principles, summarizing practical experiences, strengthen operator training, can make better use of infusion pump.

Objective:To study the identification method and extract of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis.Methods:The identification of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis was carried out by TLC and the extract was determined by 65% alcohol.Results:The relevant spots on TLC plates were clear,and it was feasible to determine the extract of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis with 65% alcohol.Conclusion:Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis can be identificated by 3-epibetulinic acid and ?-sitosterol as reference substance,there were differents on quantity of the extract of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis,which bought from different districts.

The present paper analyzes common mistakes in exemplification in the writing part of Band 4 College English Test.It discusses pertinence,appropriateness,typicality,logic and novelty of exemplification instead of dwelling on mistakes in spelling,wording and grammar,and offers some practical strategies of exemplification.

Objective Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning can provide certain protection for myocardium .The ar-ticle was designed to observe the protective effect of salidroside on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury ( MIRI) and explore its mech-anisms. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 rats for each: sham operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion group(I/R group), salidroside preventive group(salidroside treatment followed by ischemia-reperfusion), salidroside treat-ment group (ischemia-reperfusion followed by salidroside treatment ), salidroside preventive+LY group(LY294002 preventive group) and salidroside treatment+LY group(LY294002 treatment group).Salidroside was administered once a day for three days before mod-elling in both salidroside preventive group and LY 294002 preventive group;while salidroside was given immediately after the reperfu-sion in both salidroside treatment group and LY 294002 treatment group .The same volume of NS was administered only to the rats in S group and I/R group.The PI3K inhibitor(LY294002) was given additionally 35 mins before LAD ligation in both LY294002 preventive group and LY294002 treatment group .All injections were given intraperitoneally .Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3βand p-GSK-3βin myocardium were examined with immunocytochemical method in all groups .The protein expression and phosphorrylation status of Akt /GSK-3βwere determined by western blot. Results The levels of Akt/GSK-3βin myocardium of S group(0.246 ±0.002), I/R group(0.457 ± 0.012), LY294002 preventive group(0.303 ±0.005), LY294002 treatment group(0.361 ±0.019) decreased significantly in com-parison to those of salidroside preventive group (0.857 ±0.014) and salidroside treatment group(0.683 ±0.009)(P<0.05).The levels of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3βin myocardium of S group (0.137 ±0.004), I/R group(0.380 ±0.026), LY294002 preventive group(0.148 ± 0.013), LY294002 treatment group(0.267 ±0.050) also decreased significantly in comparison to those of salidroside preventive group (0.944 ±0.045) and salidroside treatment group (0.895 ±0.043) (P<0.05).As to the comparison between salidroside preventive group and salidroside treatment group , there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The result indicates that salidro-side protects myocardium against MIRI in rats .The cardioprotective effect might be associated with the increased protein expression and the phosphorylation rate of Akt/GSK-3β.

Objective To establish a method for the content determination of c hlorogenic acid in Yinren Granules. Methods The content of chlorogenic acid wa s detected by HPLC. HPLC was performed with Shim- Pack CLC- ODS column(150? 6.0 mm, 5 ? m) at room temperature, 3 % methyl alcohol- methanol( 79 ∶ 2 1) as mobile phase, the detection wavelength at 327 nm, the flow rate being 1. 2 mL/min and sample loop volume being 10 ? L. Results Chlorogenic acid has a good linearity within 0.102～ 1.02? g (r=0.999)and the average recovery was 98. 17 % with RSD being 1.31 % . Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and can be used for the quality control of Yinren Granules.

Objective To investigate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of stent-assisted coil embolization for the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms. Methods The clinical and imaging data of the patients with intracranial wide-necked aneurysm treated with stent-assisted coil embolization were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 200 patients with 205 aneurysms were enrolled. The mortality was 1. 5% and the disability rate was 1. 0% at discharge. One hundred seventy-seven patients were followed up for 16-51 months. The modified Rankin Scale scores: 0 in 174 cases, 2 in 2 cases, 4 in 1 case. Eleven patients (5. 5% ) had perioperative complications, including intraoperative bleeding in 3 cases, postoperative bleeding in 3 cases, postoperative cerebral infarction in 2 cases, coil protrusion in 2 cases, and postoperative epileptic seizure in 1 case. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the proportions of male patients (9. 1% vs. 5. 3% ; χ2 = 4. 42, P = 0. 026), hypertension (54. 5% vs. 23. 3% ; χ2 = 5. 42, P = 0. 03) and stent prior to coil implantation (54. 5% vs. 85. 1% ; χ2 = 3. 54, P =0. 021) between the complication group and the noncomplication group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the pre-stenting was an independent protective factor for surgery-related complications (odds ratio [OR] 0. 208, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0. 055-0. 791; P = 0. 021), and hypertension was an independent risk factor for surgery-related complications (OR 4. 380, 95% CI 1. 170-16. 399; P = 0. 028). The imaging follow-up of 167 aneurysms was obtained, including 26 recurrent aneurysms (15. 6% ). Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in the aneurysm site (anterior circulation aneurysms: 73. 1% vs. 89. 1% ; posterior circulation aneurysms: 26. 9% vs. 10. 6% ; χ2 = 5. 09, P = 0. 033) and size (giant aneurysms: 7. 7% vs. 0. 7% ; large artery aneurysm: 65. 4% vs. 29. 1% ; small aneurysms:26. 9% vs. 70. 2% ; χ2 = 20. 77, P < 0. 001) between the recurrence group and the nonrecurrence group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that large aneurysms (OR 6. 057, 95% CI 2. 296-5. 983; P <0. 001), giant aneurysms (OR 25. 260, 95% CI 1. 903- 335. 267; P = 0. 014 ), and posterior circulation aneurysms ( OR 3. 184, 95% CI 1. 028- 9. 857; P = 0. 045 ) were the independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence. Conclusions Stent-assisted coil embolization is one of the effective methods for the treatment of complex wide-neck aneurysms. Hypertension and coils prior to stenting are the independent risk factors for perioperative complications, and larger aneurysm size and aneurysms in the posterior circulation are the independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence.

Objective To investigate changes and clinical significance of serum granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-8(IL-8)level in patients with bee-sting poisoning.Methods One hundred and nine patients with bee-sting poisoning were also divided into slight poisoning group,moderate poisoning group,and server poisoning group and also divided into dead group and survival group according to the prognosis.Thirty healthy persons were selected as control group.GM-CSF and TNF-?were measured using radioimmunoassay,IL-6 and IL-8 was measured using enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA),and they were compared with control grouup.Results The levels of serum GM-CSF,TNF-?,IL-6,IL-8 in slight poisoning group were increased a little,and there were no significant difference compared with control group(P＞0. 05).The levels of serum GM-CSF,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in moderate poisoning group and severe poisoning group than those in the control group(P＜0.01),but the severe poisoning group were much higher than the moderate poisoning group(P＜0.01).They were significantly higher in survival group than those in dead group(P＜0.01).APACHEⅡscores were obvious correlated with the levels of serum GM-CSF,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusion GM-CSF,TNF-?,IL-6 and IL-8 may participate in the occurrence and progress of patients with bee-sting poisoning.Dynamic monitoring of serum GM-CSF,TNF-?,IL-6,IL-8 and APACHEⅡscores plays an important role in diagnosis of the severity of patients with bee-sting poisoning and its prognosis.The use of antagonist and inhibitor of cytokines may be helpful to treat patients with bee-sting poisoning.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that in the animal models of articular cartilage defects and osteoarthritis, the chondrocytes can overexpress the matrix metal oproteinases. Various abnormal stimuli are likely to break the balance between matrix metal oproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase, thus leading to degeneration of extracel ular matrix of articular cartilage, as wel as the decline and offset of cartilage chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cyclic tensile strain on the expression of matrix metal oproteinases during the repairing process of rabbit articular cartilage defects. METHODS: The animal models of articular cartilage defects were established, and chondrocytes were separated for culture at 10 weeks after operation. The chondrocytes on the non-surgical side were considered as the normal group, and the chondrocytes on the surgical side were randomly divided into high cyclic tensile strain group, low cyclic tensile strains group and control group, and the load amplitude was sin10%. Then 0.1, 1.0 and 0 Hz cyclic tensile strains were loaded respectively. The expressions of matrix metal oproteinases 2, 3, 9 and 13 in each group were detected with reverse transcription-PCR at 24, 48 hours, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after loading cyclic tensile strain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in the expressions of matrix metal oproteinases 2, 3, 9 and 13 at 24 hours after loading cyclic tensile strain between the normal group and the control group (P < 0.05); and there were significant differences in the expressions between the high cyclic tensile strain group and the low cyclic tensile strain group at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after loading cyclic tensile strain (P < 0.05).At the same time, the expressions of matrix metal oproteinases 2, 3, 9 and 13 in the low cyclic tensile strain group were continued to decline, and there were significant differences in the expressions after loading cyclic tensile strain for 24 hours and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). The results indicate that mechanical load can affect the expression of matrix metal oproteinases in the healing process of rabbit articular cartilage defects. In the cel ular and molecular level, the incidence and development of pathological articular cartilage defect and stress should affect each other.