OBJECTIVEStudy on the antibacterial activity of Viola yedoensis and the antibacterial active compounds.

METHODThe chemical compositions were isolated by means of solvent extraction, column chromatography on silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and crystallization. The antibacterial activities were tested by Neo-Sensitab disk-diffusion method, nephelometric analysis and plating method.

RESULTOne new compound (4) along with three known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time and were identified as aesculetin (1), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (2), scopoletin (3) and 5-methoxy-7-hydroxymethylcoumarin (4), respectively. All the compounds showed antibacterial and antibactericidal activities at varying degree on Streptococcus Aureas, S. agalactiae, S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae, E. coli and Salmonella, of which 1 was most active with 0.031- 0.313 g x L(-1) of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and 0.313 - 0.625 g x L(-1) of minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC).

CONCLUSIONViola yedoensis has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity on animal pathogenic bacteria, and coumarins may be the main antibacterial activity ingredients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Viola ; chemistry

Objective:To analyze postoperative adverse reactions in patients with acne scars treated with punch elevation.Methods:Totally, 27 patients with moderate or severe acne scars, who were treated with punch elevation, were collected from the Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from June 2020 to March 2021. The patients received local infiltration anesthesia during the operation, and were cared for with tensile adhesive plaster bandaging, cold compresses, and waterproofing after the operation; telephone and face-to-face follow-up visits were conducted immediately, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 days after the operation, and numerical rating scale (NRS) of intraoperative pain, postoperative swelling duration, postoperative erythema duration, and the incidence of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation were recorded.Results:Among the 27 patients, the severity score of acne scars was 77.76 ± 43.76 points. The intraoperative pain NRS score was 3.75 ± 2.95 points after local infiltration anesthesia, the postoperative swelling lasted 3.42 ± 2.43 days, postoperative erythema lasted 4.74 ± 3.25 weeks, and the duration of postoperative erythema was not significantly correlated with the severity score of acne scars ( r = -0.13, P = 0.449). After the operation, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurred in 2 patients, and no local infections or fulminant acne was observed. The patient satisfaction rate was 100% (27/27) . Conclusion:The main adverse reactions to punch elevation for acne scars were postoperative swelling and erythema, which subsided spontaneously about 1 month after the operation.

The article introduces the content and organization of the training program for newly recruited nurses in the three hospitals of Massachusetts General Hospital, Mayo Clinic, and University of Illinois Chicago Medical Center in the United States. This article also summarizes the characteristics and highlights of the program implementation, and discusses and analyzes the training program by combining the current situation of newly recruited nurses training in my country, and makes suggestions for further improvement in the future.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of endoscopic ultrasonography for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R-NENs) of different origin and its influence on the diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze 56 cases of R-NENs diagnosed by miniprobe endoscopic ultrasonography (MEUS) and/or pathology in the Endoscopy Center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to July 2021. The endoscopic ultrasonography characteristics, pathological features, surgical selection and the follow-up of R-NENs originating from deep mucosa and submucosa were compared.Results:Among the 56 patients, 49 were diagnosed as R-NENs.The diagnostic sensitivity, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of MEUS for R-NENs were 93.88% (46/49), 86.79% (46/53) and 82.14% (46/56), respectively. R-NENs were mainly manifested by medium hypoechoic with MEUS [95.92% (47/49)]. Three R-NENs originated from submucosa were missed diagnosis, with 1 case presenting hypoechoic and 2 cases presenting hyperechoic. There were no significant differences in the tumor diameter, echo intensity under endoscopic ultrasonography, echo uniformity and pathological grade composition between deep mucosal origin and submucosal origin R-NENS (all P>0.05), but there was significant differences in the distance from tumor to anus ( χ2=5.011, P=0.025). The proportion of the distance from tumor to anus ≤5 cm of submucosal origin lesions was significantly higher than that of deep mucosal origin [43.75% (14/32) VS 17.65% (3/17)]. Endoscopic submucosal dissection [67.5% (27/40)] and transanal endoscopic microsurgery [25.0% (10/40)] were the major treatment method, but there were no significant differences in endoscopic ultrasonography manifestations and pathological grading of R-NENs between these two surgical procedures. Conclusion:There is no significant difference in endoscopic ultrasonography manifestations and pathological grade of R-NENs between deep mucosal origin and submucosal origin, suggesting that the prognosis is similar between the two types. It is no significant influence of endoscopic ultrasonography manifestations of R-NENs at different levels of origin.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of auricular-plaster therapy indiabetes patients with insomnia, and provide suggestions for treatment.Methods The relevant randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials about using auricular-plaster therapy in diabetes patients with insomnia were searched in Cochrane Library, JBI, EMbase, Chinese Biological Medical Database ( CBM ) , Wanfang Data, VIP, China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI) and Pub Med. Information was selected. Retrieval time was limited from the foundation of those database to January 1st 2016. We use the Review manager 5. 3 analysis software to conduct Meta-analysis.Results 10 primary studies were included, which involved in 1 315 patients. Meta-analysis was processed based on different intervention methods and various outcome indicators. ①Different intervention methods:the effective rate of the auricular-plaster therapy group were higher than the control group, with significant differences [ OR= 7. 56, 95%CI ( 3. 92, 14. 58 ) , P<0. 000 01 ]; The effective rate of the comprehensive group ( including auricular-plaster therapy) were higher than the control group, with significant differences [OR=3.45, 95%CI(2.60,4.57), P=0.009];②Different results of outcome indicators, comprehensive interventionhas significant improvementonthe sleep quality of patients [MD=-1.96,95%CI(-2.33,-1.59),P<0.000 01];Moreover, comprehensive intervention could control postprandial blood glucose within twohours,with significant differences [MD=-1.86,95%CI(-1.94,-1.78),P<0.000 01].Conclusions Theauricular-plaster therapy can improve the sleep quality and sleep effect of diabetes patients with insomnia. However, because of the large literature difference, the results of the meta-analysis should be critical treated.

Constipation is a common complication in elderly stroke patients. With a high incidence, it will aggravate the condition, affect the prognosis and lower the quality of life of patients. Traditional Chinese medical nursing has a unique effect on preventing and treating poststroke constipation. This paper tries to summarize the relevant research as well as the current research in traditional Chinese medical theories, Chinese medicine prevention and treatment as well as characteristic techniques in traditional Chinese medicine. Meanwhile, it also tries to reflect on the research, and offer a reference for relevant research and clinical nursing in the future.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of HEAD-US scale in the clinical application of hemophilic arthropathy (HA) and propose an optimized ultrasound scoring system. Methods: From July 2015 to August 2017, 1 035 joints ultrasonographic examinations were performed in 91 patients. Melchiorre, HEAD-US (Hemophilic Early Arthropathy Detection with UltraSound) and HEAD-US-C (HEAD-US in China) scale scores were used respectively to analyze the results. The correlations between three ultrasound scales and Hemophilia Joint Health Scores (HJHS) were evaluated. The sensitivity differences of the above Ultrasonic scoring systems in evaluation of HA were compared. Results: All the 91 patients were male, with median age of 16 (4-55) years old, including 86 cases of hemophilia A and 5 cases hemophilia B. The median (P₂₅, P₇₅) of Melchiorre, HEAD-US and HEAD-US-C scores of 1 035 joints were 2(0,6), 1(0,5) and 2(0,6), respectively, and the correlation coefficients compared with HJHS was 0.747, 0.762 and 0.765 respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.001). The positive rates of Melchiorre, HEAD-US-C and HEAD-US scale score were 63.0% (95%CI 59.7%-65.9%), 59.5% (95%CI 56.5%-62.4%) and 56.6% (95%CI 53.6%-59.6%) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Even for 336 cases of asymptomatic joints, the positive rates of Melchiorre, HEAD-US-C and HEAD-US scale score were 25.0% (95%CI 20.6%-29.6%), 17.0% (95%CI 12.6%-21.1%) and 11.9% (95%CI 8.4%-15.7%) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). There were significant changes (P<0.05) in the ultrasonographic score of HA before and after onset of hemorrhage in 107 joints of 40 patients. The difference in variation amplitude of HEAD-US-C scores and HEAD-US scores before and after joint bleeding was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion Compared with Melchiorre, there were similar good correlations between HEAD-US, HEAD-US-C and HJHS. HEAD-US ultrasound scoring system is quick, convenient and simple to use. The optimized HEAD-US-C scale score is more sensitive than HEAD-US, especially for patients with HA who have subclinical state, which make up for insufficiency of sensitivity in HEAD-US scoring system

Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi) with a purpose to accurately provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures, 2010-2017. Methods: Data were retrieved from case reporting cards of Guangxi during 2010 to 2017 through National HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. Data was analyzed using epidemiological methods such number of cases, proportion and rate. χ² test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The HIV positive rate was 12.53 per ten thousand (85 182/67 959 000) in Guangxi during 2010 to 2017. The number of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases and the number of death yearly respectively increased by 22.34%(2 602/11 648) and 32.83% (952/2 900) in 2011 compared with 2010, and both showed a six-year continuous downward trend (the number of newly diagnosed cases respectively 12 229 cases, 10 877 cases, 9 460 cases, 9 190 cases, 8 848 cases, 8 680 cases, and the number of death respectively 3 888 cases, 3 316 cases, 2 914 cases, 2 717 cases, 2 595 cases, 2 600 cases) from 2012 to 2017. But proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% (50.53%-57.06%) for eight-years continuously. The ratio of male and female was 2.47 ∶ 1 (60 639/24 543). The ratio of males and females aged 50 and over was 2.71∶1 (28 654/10 557). Proportion of the cases in 25-49 years old group and 50 years old group accounting for 47.40%(40 377/85 182) and 46.03% (39 211/85 182) respectively. The occupation was farmers accounting for 68.40% (58 262/85 182), housekeeping, housework and unemployment accounting for 11.21% (9 546/85 182), student accounting for 0.86% (729/85 182). Heterosexual transmission accounted for 90.60% (77 171/85 182, homosexual transmission accounted for 3.13% (2 669/85 182), injection drug use transmission accounted for 4.60%(3 924/85 182) and mother-to-child transmission accounted for 0.73% (619/85 182). Conclusions The number of newly diagnosed cases and the number of death yearly showed a continuous downtrend for six-years from 2012 to 2017. However, proportion of late discovery remained above 50.00% for eight-years. The major route of infection was heterosexual transmission. With the change of HIV/AIDS newly epidemic mode in Guangxi, there are many new challenges for HIV/AIDS prevention and control work. Strategy of targeted intervention modes should be innovated for a new breakthrough.

Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a rare extranodular lymphoma. It is subject to misdiagnosis due to atypical clinical and imaging features. Histopathology is required to establish the diagnosis. Patients often present to the Endocrinology Department upon revelation of adrenal incidentalomas by imaging. PAL is often accompanied by invasion of other tissues and organs, with a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. In this paper, the clinical features of a patient with primary adrenal lymphoma and intracranial invasion were summarized, and the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this disease were reviewed.

Objective:To understand the characteristics and associated factors of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases with non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission, in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), 2015-2018.Methods:Information of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥18 years in Guangxi between 2015 and 2018 was collected from the National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Information System. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to access those factors that were associated with HIV infections through non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual contact.Results:Between 2015 and 2018, a total number of 35 497 HIV/AIDS cases, aged ≥18 years were newly reported in Guangxi. Among them, 32 648 (92.0 %) were infected heterosexually while 10 500 were infected through non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual behavior. Non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for 29.6 % (10 500/35 497) of the newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, and 32.2 % (10 500/32 648) of those with heterosexual transmission. Males counted for 53.5 % (5 617/10 500) of non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and males to females ratio was 1.2∶1 (5 617∶4 883). Those married or had regular sexual partners counted for 55.9 % (5 873/10 500). Commercial heterosexual transmission appeared the main mode of HIV transmission for males (64.4 %,16 516/25 633) while main mode for females was non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission and counted for 49.5 % (4 883/9 864). Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adjusted OR of female HIV/AIDS infected HIV via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission, was 3.98 times (95 %CI: 3.78-4.20) hight than that of males. Among the group aged<50 years and the aged 50-59 years, the adjusted ORs were 1.35 times (95 %CI: 1.27-1.44) and 1.13 times (95 %CI: 1.05-1.21) hight than that of aged ≥60 years. Those who were single/divorced/widowed, the adjusted OR was 1.53 times (95 %CI: 1.45-1.61) hight than that of those married/regular partners. Those with junior high school education, high school education and above the adjusted ORs were 1.22 times (95 %CI: 1.16-1.29) and 1.18 times (95 %CI: 1.10-1.27), compared to those only with education levels of primary school or below. Conclusions:The number of HIV/AIDS cases via non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission accounted for nearly 30.0 % of all the routes of HIV transmission in Guangxi, 2015-2018. Female, aged<60 years old, single/divorced/widowed and having had junior and above high school education etc., appeared as risk factors on non-marital or non-commercial heterosexual transmission, among newly reported HIV/AIDS in Guangxi.